新时代以来，文化的作用愈发关键，文化的地位日益凸显，文化建设的任务也愈加光荣和迫切。全国宣传思想文化工作会议正式提出并系统阐述了习近平文化思想，在党的宣传思想文化事业发展史上具有里程碑意义。那么，马克思主义如何理解“文化”呢？

从文化生成看，文化具有历史性与阶级性。文化具有广义和狭义之分，广义的文化是人类创造的包括物质、精神等在内的一切文明成果，狭义的文化则特指精神文化。无论广义狭义，文化都与人息息相关，是人特有的存在方式，是人区别于动物的重要标志。那么，文化是如何形成的呢？马克思主义认为，文化作为上层建筑，最终由生产方式决定。马克思指出，“生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构，即有法律的和政治的上层建筑竖立其上并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程”。而人类的生产方式会随着生产力的发展不断更迭，“手推磨产生的是封建主的社会，蒸汽磨产生的是工业资本家的社会”，生产方式的变革最终会引起人类文化的变迁，从而使文化具有历史性。另外，文化的形成需要经过长时间的积累，它是历史积淀下来的被群体所共同遵循或认可的共同的行为模式。

Culture also has class nature. Marx pointed out that "a class is the dominant material force in society, but also the dominant spiritual force in society", and "the dominant thought is only the conceptual expression of the dominant material relationship, but the dominant material relationship in the form of thought". Culture is produced by people, and people are not an abstract concept. They are always in a certain social relationship and behave as class people. Cultural forms such as legal and political thoughts, morality, literature and art, philosophy and religion created by people directly or indirectly reflect class interests, feelings and thoughts. Even though individuals can transcend class interests to some extent, even transcend time and space restrictions and create cultural works with lasting value, human culture, as a product of society, is always branded with class more or less. Lenin attached great importance to the class attribute of culture. In About Proletarian Culture, he proposed that proletarian culture and bourgeois culture are two different cultures. The proletariat cannot be separated from the foundation of traditional culture, including bourgeois culture, but it is by no means a simple inheritance and total acceptance. It needs to be transformed and innovated by Marxism, and the cultural principles of the proletariat must be implemented in it, so as to establish a real proletarian culture.

From the perspective of cultural form, culture has nationality and diversity. As a historically condensed and stable way of life, culture focuses on people’s values, attitudes towards life, behavior habits and psychological state. At first, human culture was formed by ethnic groups. Because of the different natural environments such as geography, resources and climate, there are obvious differences in people’s attitudes and lifestyles. On this basis, all ethnic groups form their own culture with their own styles and characteristics. When Mao Zedong explained the culture of new democracy in On New Democracy, he pointed out: "It belongs to our nation and has the characteristics of our nation", and "China culture should have its own form, which is the national form". Culture contains different ideological wisdom, value pursuit and aesthetic taste of all ethnic groups, which has become a unique symbol that distinguishes one nation from another.

With the change from history to world history, exchanges and mutual learning between different cultures have become increasingly frequent, and the cosmopolitan characteristics of culture have become more and more distinct. As Marx said in the communist party Declaration, "As a result of opening up the world market, the production and consumption of all countries have become cosmopolitan … The same is true for material production and spiritual production. The spiritual products of all ethnic groups have become public property. One-sidedness and limitations of the nation are becoming increasingly impossible, so many kinds of national and local literature have formed a kind of world literature. " However, the cosmopolitanism of culture does not mean that the whole human being forms a uniform culture, nor does it dispel the nationality, but the unity of diversity based on the nationality. The more national a culture is, the more cosmopolitan it is.

From the perspective of cultural function, culture has independence and reaction. On the one hand, Marx insisted on the materialistic view that "social existence determines social consciousness", on the other hand, he also saw the relative independence of culture and its reaction to the economic base. Marx pointed out in "The 18th Fog Moon in louis bonaparte" that "people create their own history, but they don’t create it at will, not under the conditions of their own choice, but under the conditions of direct encounter, established and inherited from the past. The traditions of all the dead ancestors haunt the minds of the living like nightmares, and cultural traditions are one of the important influencing factors. As a long-term accumulation of history, culture is extremely stable once it is formed. This stability is reflected in people’s beliefs, value pursuits, moral concepts, etc., and they will not change easily with the changes of external environment; As far as groups are concerned, a certain cultural pattern will dominate the development of a nation for hundreds or even thousands of years. Even if dynasties change and times change, the way of thinking and behavior habits formed in a certain cultural pattern will still play a lasting role.

As a superstructure, culture also has a dynamic reaction. Advanced, revolutionary and scientific culture plays a positive role in promoting social development, while backward, reactionary and unscientific culture hinders social development. Marx pointed out in the Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858 that "the disintegration of a certain ideological form is enough to make the whole era fall", and Engels also wrote in his letter to Joseph Bloch that "the economic situation is the foundation, but it has an impact on the process of historical struggle and in many cases mainly determines the form of this struggle, as well as various factors of the superstructure". In today’s world, culture, as a soft power, plays an increasingly important role in the competition of comprehensive national strength, while cultural self-confidence is a "more basic, deeper and more lasting force". This is the concentrated expression of cultural reaction.

The cultural concept of Marxism is rich in connotation and profound in meaning. Only by deeply understanding Marxist cultural concept can we scientifically grasp the characteristics and laws of cultural development, which will help us to do a good job in combining the basic principles of Marxism with Chinese excellent traditional culture and truly undertake the new cultural mission in the new era.

When more and more unconventional young people emerge in the streets and lanes, proudly parading through the city with carefully highlighted blue and green hairstyles; When Ma Baoguo’s Ma Jia Tai Ji Chuan spread all over the country like a clown; When a thunder resounds through the north and south of the river; When the models on the runway are wearing clothes that are close to nothing … People are amazed: fashion has appeared.

So there was this kind of report: "Shocked! There are really young people who are not fashionable! ""Still watching fake fashion collocation? No, it’s not from China! "….. Exaggerated dazzling modelling, artificial offensive personality, turn praise into derogatory words, these people often self-vulgar, self-proclaimed stand out from the crowd. Some people have questioned whether fashion means not talking about people, and wearing strange clothes has gradually begun to realize that this is not real fashion, and the fashion of this era seems to have slowly gone bad.

So, what is fashion? The dictionary defines it like this: the fashion at that time, the fashionable fashion. Nowadays, fashion is more like a benchmark, and it is the yardstick to judge whether a person is fashionable or not. What is popular is the trend. Once you fall behind this trend, congratulations, you will be given a stubborn title. In order not to be ridiculed for being old-fashioned, young people always stare at entertainment news, trying to find every little detail that can prove their advanced nature and make it carry forward.

For example, the original meaning of "ox and horse" refers to people who are willing to contribute and work hard, but the popular figure "knife elder brother" refers to it as the title of black powder, which seriously deviates from the original intention. So there was such a scene on campus: "Hey! What kind of cow and horse are you? " "Strange, isn’t cow and horse an adjective?" "This all don’t know? Forget it, there is no topic to talk about. " The person who knows left, and the person who doesn’t know immediately checked his mobile phone, suddenly realized, and immediately asked the next person: Hello! What are you? "Gradually became a bad fashion.

There are not only words, but also countless examples.

Do whatever is popular. People don’t seem to understand that this can only be called blindly following the trend and shouting loudly about their own fashion in life. So life is eroded by these so-called nouns. Fashion, in the eyes of many people, is just synonymous with the trend of the times.

But in fact, is fashion just such a superficial pursuit? Such a fashion way has a glamorous material appearance, but does it lack a deeper connotation pursuit?

There is nothing wrong with fashion, but blindly following the so-called trend vulgarizes the word fashion.

In blind pursuit, some people find the satisfaction of keeping pace with the times, but lose their own characteristics and personality. Do those unconventional shapes really suit me? Are unknown so’s derogatory words really beneficial to interpersonal communication? Did we choose fashion, or did fashion enslave us? Is this pursuit because fashion shows the temperament of the self, or just to prove that the self is fashionable? Also keep up with the trend, and then satisfy the psychological vanity?

What is fashion? I think the innovation of Chinese traditional culture is one kind.

You see, the spring flowers and the autumn moon jointly interpret the Xinxiang poems and songs of classical culture, embellishing the vicissitudes of Chinese bronze together, implying the different sounds of ancient feet and silk and bamboo, and the significance of Fengming’s welcome music. Modern people combine ancient poetry culture with popular songs, and it is easy to set off an antique fever. This kind of fashion can not only make people appreciate the golden horse in the long river of history, but also be affectionate with their children, and can better match the unique connotation of the times and bloom an attractive fragrance alone.

Fashion is still around us. Look at the green lifestyle of low-carbon people to protect the earth; Look at the travel modes chosen by carpoolers in order to save money, time and resources; Look at those people who wear chic and elegant clothes. They don’t have the exaggerated shapes needed to choose the trend, but who can say that this is not a fashion? This kind of fashion is not blindly following the trend, nor is it just the pursuit of material things. This kind of fashion is based on its full understanding of the outside world. Don’t choose the most fashionable, just choose the most suitable.

Fashion is still around us. Look at the green lifestyle of low-carbon people to protect the earth; Look at the travel modes chosen by carpoolers in order to save money, time and resources; Look at those people who wear chic and elegant clothes. They don’t have the exaggerated shapes needed to choose the trend, but who can say that this is not a fashion? This kind of fashion is not blindly following the trend, nor is it just the pursuit of material things. This kind of fashion is based on its full understanding of the outside world. Don’t choose the most fashionable, just choose the most suitable.

This is the connotation of fashion, and the real fashion should be a fashion with such connotation, with knowledge and knowledge, rather than just advocating and imitating the trend.

This newspaper (reporter Zhang Yue Meng) invites you to enjoy the moon dance with Su Dongpo, a talented person thousands of years ago, with a guqin and several dances. On December 2nd, the diplomatic envoys from more than 30 countries in China took their families to watch this beautiful modern dance and poetic drama "Poetry Memories Dongpo". After the performance, the diplomatic envoys in China praised the dance drama which showed strong Chinese traditional culture. "I can’t describe its beauty in words!" I Brachem I Brachem, Counsellor of the Azerbaijani Embassy in China, said.

Before the performance, the activity of "Diplomats Watching China —— Envoys in China Watching the Modern Dance Poetic Drama" Poetry Memories Dongpo "was held in poly theatre. Li Li, director of the Diplomatic Service Bureau, Yu Junsheng, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee, director of the Information Office of the Municipal Government, and Jing Xiaoyong, chairman of the Oriental Performing Arts Group, attended and delivered speeches.

Li Li said that poetry is an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and it is also an important content of exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations. Modern dance dramas and other stage works show the new atmosphere of contemporary China literature and art. The combination of the two shows that Chinese civilization is an organic unity that inherits and carries forward excellent traditional culture, and reflects the profound connotation of Chinese modernization at the literary level. It is expected that today’s viewing activities of the modern dance and poetic drama "Poetry Memories of Dongpo" will enhance the understanding of China’s traditional poetry culture, further enhance the understanding of the Chinese national spirit and the achievements of China’s construction in the new era, actively promote the exchanges between Chinese and foreign civilizations, and build a platform for cooperation in the cultural field between China and foreign countries.

Yu Junsheng said that Beijing, as the capital, has a history of 3,000 years and 870 years. The three cultural belts represented by the Grand Canal Cultural Belt, the Great Wall Cultural Belt and the Yongding River Cultural Belt in Xishan are the testimony of Beijing’s splendid culture. As a national cultural center, Beijing has a wealth of cultural performances. The cultural activity "Watching Beijing with Dramas" launched in the past two years has brought together wonderful cultural performances from all over the world. I hope that everyone can watch big dramas in Beijing, better understand the ancient capital culture and Beijing flavor culture, and have a deeper understanding of the profound Chinese civilization.

Jing Xiaoyong said that China Oriental Performing Arts Group, as an important "cultural envoy" and a beautiful "cultural business card" in new China, has always taken the prosperity and development of literature and art as its mission, and it also hopes to build a bridge of communication with the service bureau to realize the common aspiration of the people and the common growth of the United States and the United States.

At the event, Shen Wei, the director of Poem Memories of Dongpo, introduced the original intention of the creation. He expressed the hope that through this work, we can learn more about the spiritual world of Su Dongpo, a famous cultural figure in China, and learn more about China culture, China philosophy and China spirit, and feel the charm of mutual learning between Chinese culture and civilization.

It is understood that Shi Yi Dongpo is a modern dance poetic drama produced by China Oriental Performing Arts Group. The drama presents the core of China spirit in Dongpo’s poems with dance art, and creatively integrates modern dance with China traditional cultural elements such as poetry, Chinese painting, calligraphy, seal cutting, guqin, opera and martial arts, and deeply refines the essence of China’s classical philosophy and aesthetics with the comprehensive audio-visual experience of sound, dance, poetry and painting, and explores it from an international artistic perspective. Combining China’s traditional aesthetic interest with the connotation of the times, and integrating the flowing expressions of China’s dance, opera and martial arts, it explores the modern search for China’s poetic spirit, which is a China stage art work with distinctive times and internationality.

Accompanied by melodious guqin, the actors tell the ups and downs of Su Dongpo, a generation of talented people, with clever body language. After the performance, the diplomatic envoys in China spoke highly of the artistic level and cultural connotation contained in the modern dance poetry drama "Poem on Dongpo". Karim, the new Sierra Leonean ambassador to China, said that this drama tells the story of China’s traditional culture in the form of modern art, and I am very grateful to the organizers for inviting me to watch this wonderful dance drama. Karim said that diplomats should not only increase economic exchanges between the two countries, but also strengthen cultural exchanges, hoping to bring the drama and China traditional culture to the people of Sierra Leone, and also hope that the people of China will have the opportunity to experience Sierra Leonean culture.

I-Brachem I-Brachem, Counsellor of the Azerbaijani Embassy in China, said that I was fortunate to see a very beautiful performance today, which allowed me to see the profound China culture and philosophy. "This drama also shows us that we should not only talk about China’s modern economy and technology, but also pay attention to and understand China’s profound traditional culture."

Sammy Parviz, Second Secretary of Tajikistan Embassy in China, came to the performance with his wife and a pair of children. He told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that his son was born in China. "I think he needs to know more about this country." Sami said that China and Tajikistan are both "the belt and road initiative" countries with deep historical ties, and he hoped that the two countries would continue to deepen cultural exchanges. (Beijing Youth Daily)