It is said that the custom of eating moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. For a long time, moon cakes have been integrated with local food customs, and gradually formed five "schools" of moon cakes: Cantonese, Beijing, Suzhou and Chaozhou. Nowadays, the traditional taste can’t fully meet people’s demand for moon cakes, so all kinds of exotic moon cakes and online celebrity moon cakes have broken into the "rivers and lakes" of moon cakes and become new choices for Mid-Autumn Festival consumption.

　　Cantonese-style moon cakes: Cantonese-style moon cakes are the most popular among the people at present. They originated in Guangdong and its surrounding areas and have been popular all over the country. They are characterized by thin skin and large stuffing, and the oil content of the skin stuffing is higher than that of other genres.

　　Beijing-style moon cakes: Beijing-style moon cakes reuse sesame oil, which reveals a sense of wealth at the foot of the imperial city. Legend has it that there was a serious plague in Beijing in ancient times. In the Guanghan Palace, Fairy Chang ‘e ordered the jade rabbit who pounded the fairy medicine for her to come down to earth to treat the suffering people, that is, the rabbit. Rabbit cured the people of the whole city with red and white medicine and returned to the Moon Palace. These two kinds of medicine evolved into natural white and natural red moon cakes, which are the representatives of Beijing-style moon cakes.

　　Su-style moon cakes: Formerly known as crisp moon cakes, they originated in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and surrounding areas, and were later handed down as Su-style moon cakes. The main feature is that the crust of the cake is loose, and the fillings are five kernels and bean paste, which are sweeter than other kinds of moon cakes. The main products are Su-style moon cakes with fresh meat and Su-style moon cakes with black sesame seeds.

　　Chaozhou moon cake: also known as Chaozhou fork cake, fork word, Chaoshan dialect refers to lard. Chaozhou-style moon cakes have a flat body, a white crust, crispy stuffing and a crisp entrance. The main characteristics are that the crispy skin is thin, the oil is not fat, and the mouth is not greasy. According to the types of stuffing, it can be divided into mung beans, black beans, crystals, purple taro and other types, while the inner core includes egg yolk or seafood.

　　Yunnan-style moon cakes: It is said that the emperor of Nanming small court who retired from Kunming in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was worried about tea and rice all day long, and a royal chef chose Yunnan ham meat to cut into pieces and mixed it with honey sugar to solve the emperor’s homesickness. Later, this practice spread to the people, and after several improvements, ham moon cakes gradually became a major feature of Yunnan moon cakes.

　　Once, netizens launched a cyber war for the argument of "Let Wuren get out of the mooncake world". Now, more incredible mooncakes are born, and netizens have said that there will be a blood shed in the mooncake world! For example, this "leek egg" moon cake is covered with eggs, which adds up to the flavor of leek eggs!

　　There are also these bullish "super luxury version" moon cakes: bullfrog moon cakes, abalone moon cakes and crayfish moon cakes!

　　In addition to those wonderful mooncakes that are "endless with words", many big brands have cooperated with mooncake manufacturers to launch the creative "online celebrity Mooncakes". For example, this moon cake set with the shape of "Moon Rabbit" and "Xiangyun" launched by the Palace Museum is deeply loved by netizens, and netizens have commented that they are "crying"!

　　[Global Times correspondent in the United States Ying Chen Global Times reporter Zhao Juekun Ren Zhong] "We will invest in the United States. We will succeed in America. We will win the economic competition in the 21st century in the United States. " After US President Biden finally signed the Chip and Science Act of 2022 into law on August 9, local time, he released this ambitious tweet. While providing huge subsidies to chip manufacturers in the United States, the bill requires these companies to agree not to develop the manufacturing of precision chips in China. It is no wonder that "Nihon Keizai Shimbun" called the promulgation of this bill the warming of the US "science and technology arms race against China". China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin rebuked the so-called "protective measures" in the law on the 10th, showing a strong geopolitical color and "another example of the United States engaging in economic coercion". Although Washington’s China hawks tried to use this bill to strike a "precise blow" to China’s chip industry, few international mainstream media predicted that the United States could win this selfish and arrogant chip war. On the 9th, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Jin Keyu, a professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science, as saying that he was worried: "I imagine a world divided into two parts, half of which uses China’s information systems and infrastructure, and the other half uses American information systems and infrastructure.Obviously, there will be a huge loss of efficiency. "

　　If you want subsidies, you must "exclude China"

　　"More than 30 years ago, the United States owned 40% of the global production of chips. Since then, our economic pillar, the American manufacturing industry, has been hollowed out, and we have made chip manufacturing go overseas. " Biden said in a speech when signing the Chip and Science Act on the 9th, "Now, this law has brought the chip back to the United States."

　　Biden explicitly mentioned China many times in his speech at the bill signing ceremony. He said, "It is not surprising that the Communist Party of China (CPC) actively lobbied American companies to oppose this bill" and said that the United States "must lead the world in chip production". According to a BBC9 report on the 9th, the current supply of chips in the United States has dropped from 40% of the global supply in 1990 to only 10% of the global share.

　　The Nikkei Asian Review said on the 10th that the passage of the "boldest industry legislation in decades" in the United States marked a rare bipartisan cooperation in Washington. The New York Times commented that the Republican Party, which has always opposed the government’s high degree of intervention in business, now supports the Democratic Party bill, in addition to supporting the domestic chip industry in the United States, "to contain the chip industry in China".

　　According to the Wall Street Journal reported on the 10th, the bill is more than 1,000 pages long. The key content of the bill is to allocate 52.7 billion US dollars for domestic manufacturing of chips, including 39 billion US dollars for incentive plans and 11 billion US dollars for R&D and labor development plans. In addition, the government will provide 25% investment tax incentives for chip factories in the United States, with an estimated cost of $24 billion. There are about 200 billion dollars for scientific research.

　　Qatar Al Jazeera reported on the 9th that the bill also includes "important restrictions" demanded by Republicans and China hawks, that is, enterprises applying for federal subsidies must promise not to develop precision chip manufacturing in Chinese mainland. The bill stipulates that subsidized companies are prohibited from significantly increasing production of "advanced process" chips (generally referred to as chips below 28 nanometers) in China for a period of 10 years. Companies that violate the ban may be required to refund all subsidies.

　　On August 9, Micron, a chip maker, announced that it would seek the federal subsidy. Micron said it plans to invest $40 billion to build a new chip manufacturing plant in the United States by 2030. This investment will increase the share of the United States in the global memory chip manufacturing industry from the current 2% to 10%. Chip giant Intel also said it would apply for subsidies to support its plan to build two chip factories in Ohio. The company will also seek subsidies for its chip factory expansion plan in Arizona and its chip packaging factory in New Mexico. TSMC, the world’s largest chip maker, also said it would seek subsidies for building a chip factory in Phoenix.

　　Forcibly change the global pattern of chip industry

　　Li Zheng, an associate researcher at the American Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told the Global Times reporter that the signing of this bill has provided the United States with more chips for international cooperation and negotiation, and the United States may accelerate the construction of the so-called "four-party alliance of chips", with industrial subsidies and market access as chips to win over South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, China, and form the "backyard" of the American chip industry.

　　On the 9th, BBC9 reported that the exclusive policy of the bill against China’s chip industry made many chip companies face the problem of "taking sides" between China and the United States. Because Chinese mainland is the largest chip market in the world, this "taking sides" approach makes TSMC, Samsung, Intel and other enterprises fall into a dilemma. Samsung has a memory chip manufacturing factory in Xi ‘an, SK Haishili has memory chip manufacturing factories in Wuxi and Dalian, Intel and Micron also have chip packaging and testing factories in China, and TSMC is the only company that produces advanced process chips below 28 nm in Chinese mainland (its Nanjing factory produces 16 nm chips). "This is directly targeted in the Chip and Science Act". The BBC reported that in fact, in the past, all American equipment manufacturers have received letters from the US Department of Commerce, informing them not to supply China with equipment for the manufacture of chips of 14 nanometers or less.

　　Security officials in Taiwan Province are forcing Foxconn to abandon its $800 million investment in Chinese mainland’s chip company Ziguang Group, the Financial Times reported on the 10th. Foxconn announced the investment last month, but an unnamed security official of the Democratic Progressive Party authorities claimed: "This will definitely not pass."

　　An unnamed industry insider said in an interview with Global Times that in recent years, the United States has taken various measures to create a "small circle" of chips that crowd out Chinese mainland, and the so-called "China guardrail" clause in this chip bill is seriously harmful to China and even the whole industry. In the future, the United States may rely on this dominant behavior of occupying the industrial chain to "make whatever countries produce", which may break the division of labor and pattern of the global chip industry.

　　China’s embassy in the United States said on the 9th that it "resolutely opposes" the bill, denouncing it as "cold war and zero-sum game thinking". The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China International Chamber of Commerce also issued a document expressing their opposition on the 10th, arguing that the provisions in the bill discriminate against some foreign enterprises, highlighting that the United States and Italy intend to use government forces to forcibly change the international division of labor pattern of the chip industry, which has harmed the interests of enterprises from all over the world, including Chinese and American enterprises. "This is the ultimate arms race in the 21st century." The New York Times said on the 10th that "commercial and geopolitical motives" urged China to make chips as quickly as possible, while the United States had "competitive motives" to prevent China from acquiring advanced technology.

　　"It’s just copying China’s plays."

　　The New York Times said that shortly before the US bill came into effect, China’s chip manufacturers had just achieved a major technological breakthrough and announced that they had successfully manufactured 7-nanometer chips, "which surprised the world". NPR said on the 9th that the bill "may not be able to curb China’s influence", and it may force China to "make more independent innovations in chip manufacturing to catch up with the United States and its East Asian counterparts".

　　Republican lawmakers in the United States who disapprove of the bill say that this may just give more benefits to enterprises with high profits. "I know that Democrats want to say that this is a competitive bill, but it is just copying China’s script." Rep. Rogers, a Republican, said that in 2015, the China administration put forward the "Made in China 2025" action plan to invest or subsidize ten high-tech industries that China considered to have long-term strategic value, and now the Biden administration is only trying to "spend more than China". According to the Nikkei Asia Review, China has invested US$ 150 billion in the chip industry, and TSMC said it plans to invest US$ 100 billion to expand its manufacturing capacity within three years. The European Union is also legislating for its own chip manufacturing. Therefore, the Chip and Science Act may not bring about "earth-shaking changes".

　　"None of the well-known American multinational companies, including Intel, grew up with government subsidies." Taiwan Province Zhongshi News Network said on the 10th. According to the estimation of Boston Consulting Group, if Washington adopts the policy of "hard decoupling technology" from China, it may even harm the interests of some American chip companies, or make them lose 18% of the global market share and 37% of the revenue, and reduce 15,000 to 40,000 high-skilled jobs. In other words, the subsidies provided by the Chip and Science Act may not make up for the cost of chip companies moving their factories from China to the United States.

　　Zhang Zhongmou, the founder of TSMC, said that the cost of producing the same chip in the United States is "about 50% higher than that in Taiwan Province". He said that it is "futile, wasteful and very expensive" for the United States to increase the local chip manufacturing industry. Collier, a risk management expert at Redford University in Virginia, told CNN on the 9th that no matter how hard countries try to support their manufacturing bases, it is impossible to decouple from the global supply chain, especially the design, manufacturing and raw materials of chips are distributed in many different countries and regions. "This is a huge network. No matter how hard countries try to localize manufacturing, a certain degree of interdependence is inevitable. "

　　In the interview, I said that I think I am quite stupid.

　　Four days after the release, Li Yang wrote a letter of apology to fans and sincerely said "I’m sorry to disappoint you".

　　Li Yang is writing an apology letter to the fans.

　　On February 2nd, the film "The Blind Road" was released, and Li Yang said that it was quite appropriate to release a film directed by the second director on such a "second" day.

　　Under the impact of several Spring Festival movies, Blind Road, which was released for six days, was not optimistic in several Spring Festival movies released at the same time. The proportion of film arrangement is 0.21%. As Li Yang said in an interview, "I have no expectations for the box office. I only hope that people with thinking can see this film. " Some fans criticized "the lack of sharpness, the warmth, and the dubbing of lines." Some fans questioned, "Where is the style that used to be as sharp as a scalpel? Why has Blind Road become so warm?" "Is Li Yang the last of Jiang Lang" and so on.

　　In the face of criticism from fans, Li Yang wrote a letter of apology to the fans. In the letter of apology, Li Yang wrote: "I admit that I made a lot of changes and compromises to meet the audience for this film. Many places are not satisfactory, and I am not very satisfied with this "Blind Road". I know you expect me to make movies as powerful as The Furnace and Su Yuan. Here I would like to make a deep bow to my fans and say I’m sorry! I let you down! !”

　　During the filming process, Li Yang used his little savings and mortgaged to borrow money to shoot Blind Road. During the filming period, the funds were broken and he was on the verge of bankruptcy. Finally, with the help of his good friends, entrepreneurs Su Tong and Guo Yukuan, and a famous entrepreneur who didn’t want to sign, he completed the production of Blind Road. Everyone saw some unnatural "Uncle Liang" in the film. Because of his low salary, the actor who promised to play suddenly changed his mind and didn’t have time and capital to find another actor. Li Yang went into battle himself and finished a film written, directed and acted by himself.

　　When I saw Li Yang in the interview, I almost called him "Uncle Liang". Li Yang revealed that the "stepfather" in the film is the prop master of the crew, and the "criminal Guo Wei’s wife" is the record of the crew. They have never acted.

　　Director Li Yang is on the set.

　　In an interview, Li Yang expressed his anxiety, "I’m worried that the film hasn’t been finished and the money has run out." Li Yang is very honest. He invested his own money to make a film, so it can’t be due at last. The film was not finished, so the crew couldn’t afford to pay. "

　　Can The Blind Road Measure Li Yang’s Real Strength?

　　Blind Tao tells a story of redemption and self-redemption. Jingjing, a blind girl, has been controlled by a human trafficking gang headed by Guo Wei, begging for money on the street. Jingjing and Zhao Liang encounter, and they repel each other and guard against each other. Through a series of warm stories, they move each other and get together. Jingjing is a blind girl who was sexually assaulted by her stepfather, trafficked and begged in the street. Zhao Liang was a once brilliant rock singer who killed his daughter because of drinking, went to prison, and after he was released from prison, his heart was blocked and he was unwilling to communicate with the outside world. The encounter between them made each other feel the warmth of human feelings and realized the process of self-redemption.

　　Jingjing played by Du Hanmeng in the stills of Blind Road

　　I once talked to my friend about Li Yang, and my friend asked, "Which Li Yang? Crazy English Li Yang? " Li Yang should have become a legend, but now he is still a minority.

　　A director who won the German Silver Bear Award, in China, outsiders may not be familiar with Li Yang. But when it comes to Tsui Hark’s "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward", everyone knows that Li Yang is the screenwriter behind "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward". As far as storytelling ability is concerned, Li Yang can earn tens of millions by writing plays, but he didn’t do it.

　　Wang Baoqiang "Silly Root" changed his destiny because of his performance in Blind Well, and won the Golden Horse Award for Best Newcomer and the Best Actor Award in French and Thai Film Festivals. Huang Lu also became famous at home and abroad for his excellent performance in Blind Mountain. Later, Wang Baoqiang was chosen by Xiaogang Feng and took part in world without thieves. Later, his works such as Soldiers’ Assault and Man on the Road were well known. On the choice of actors, Li Yang has a keen and professional ability to choose actors.

　　With the film market environment getting better and better, whether writing a script or making a commercial film, Li Yang can make a lot of profitable films with his professional strength and ability to tell stories. However, it took him 16 years to make three minority films, Blind Well, Blind Mountain and Blind Road. Every movie is my own investment, and I can’t make any money in China.

　　In the first twenty years of Li Yang’s debut, only two feature films were left, Blind Well in 2003 and Blind Mountain in 2007. Some reports commented on Li Yang: "These two films alone are enough to occupy a place in the history of Chinese films, because from these two films, we can already see that his narrative talent, sense of social responsibility and criticism of reality have few opponents among contemporary directors."

　　Many fans expect Li Yang to make a movie like The Melting Pot. Li Yang told Entertainment Focus: "I can make a shocking movie like The Melting Pot at the right time and with permission." Under the existing conditions, he really tried his best.

　　Stills of the movie "The Blind Road"

　　It is reported that watching the blind road is like watching the report of Southern Weekend, and the source of the film Blind Road is a report about begging children in China that Li Yang read in Southern Weekend more than ten years ago. Li Yang visited more than half of China, interviewed schools for the blind, chatted with them, and even went to the juvenile detention center to get in touch with the minors who committed crimes, so as to understand their growing environment, and thus understand why these left-behind children committed these unbelievable criminal acts such as robbery, theft and beating. Their hearts are simple and contradictory.

　　If you have the ability to make money from movies, why not make commercial films?

　　When I was a child, my family was superior, and Li Yang, who had grown up in the entertainment industry, made a lot of money making commercial films, both professionally and storytelling. However, Li Yang chose to pay attention to the disadvantaged groups at the bottom, starting with Li Yang’s growing experience.

　　Li Yang was born in a drama actor’s family in 1959, and both his father and mother were drama actors. My father used to support the northwest as an expert. During Li Yang’s one-year-old to eight-year-old years, his family conditions were superior and he was influenced by art since childhood. However, during the Cultural Revolution, Li Yang’s father was persecuted to death, when Li Yang was only 13 years old. Compared with before, Li Yang’s life suddenly fell to the bottom. This also gives Li Yang the opportunity to reach out to the bottom and vulnerable groups, and is more sensitive to social injustice.

　　Mapping to the movie "The Blind Road", Zhao Liang, played by Li Yang himself, is a once brilliant down-and-out rock singer. From his glory to the change of life, it seems that his story is alluded to the movie plot. It is also a challenge to write, direct and perform, and to change roles between actors and directors. In order to save the cost, I have to do it myself. Only this sincerity should make the audience who spit out Li Yang’s acting more understanding.

　　"Blind Mountain" was shortlisted for the "One Concern" unit of the 60th Cannes Film Festival. It tells the story of female college students being trafficked to a French-blind mountain area and rescued many years later. Some reports commented on Lust Caution and Blind Mountain: "If Lust Caution shows the helplessness of the entanglement between men’s and women’s lust and sadness and state affairs through bed play, Blind Mountain is a modern evil expression of the rape of the heroine by all members of the family who are ignorant of law and barbaric."
Li Yang said that the topic of trafficking in women is not new, but he is concerned about the people behind the incident. At the beginning of 2006, Li Yang made a special trip to Chengdu Jintang and Zhongjiang, and spent more than two months interviewing the rescued abducted women’s living conditions and writing a script.

　　This year’s Blind Road has softened a lot, not because of Li Yang’s softening, but because of Li Yang’s compromise to show it to everyone. Otherwise, we may not even have a chance to see it. After the film was released, Li Yang apologized to the audience sincerely. Li Yang wrote in the letter of apology: "The film is not perfect because of economy and various reasons, and there are many regrets. But with the support of my friends, I went against the wind in an era when such flashy, illusory, spoof and hypocritical movies filled cinemas. I am worthy of my conscience and this era.

　　Postscript-It should be a legend, but it is still a niche.

　　Li Yang, who is nearly 59 years old, has bright eyes when interviewed. During chatting, he will also turn sideways to the reporter and say that he can’t hear clearly, so that the reporter can speak louder. We have seen Li Yang’s sincerity to reporters and audiences. It should be said that he is sincere to this era.

　　A former actor and professional director, relying on his own savings, mortgaged his house to make movies, and had no expectations for the box office. Just to let more people know about a social phenomenon. In Li Yang’s view, it is not terrible to have social trauma, but the most terrible thing is to cover it up. Let everyone see that our society will be better if we work together to solve bad things.
The feature of Li Yang’s films is to face reality directly, not to whitewash it.

　　In the film works of the past year, several word-of-mouth films, such as Gangrinboqi and Fanghua, which reflect human nature and are well-received, have appeared. Li Yang believes that fans will become rational and people themselves need spiritual needs. This trend in movies this year is a return of humanity and rationality.

　　The Blind Road is the final work of Li Yang’s "Blind" series. In the future, Li Yang will also make valuable commercial films. As Li Yang said: Our film and television works are not scratching, and movies are cultural products. I am totally opposed to art films and commercial films. All films are commercial films, and they are commodities from the day they are born, but they are commodities with cultural value, and the films themselves are cultural. "

Butler has done his best.

King-to-king, will-to-general, give everything he has until he dies.

On May 30th, Beijing time, the Heat and the Celtics fought a tiebreak, and finally the Celtics defeated the Heat 100-96 and returned to the finals after 12 years.

Butler played 48 points and scored 35 points and 9 rebounds, still playing a lonely hero. Unfortunately, this victory failed to favor the Heat …Among other Heat players, Adebayor had 25 points and 11 rebounds. Lori had 15 points and 7 rebounds.

Tatum won the East Finals MVP.

On the Celtics side, Tatum scored 26 points and 10 rebounds to win the East Finals MVP "larry bird Cup"; Jaylen Brown scored 24 points and 6 assists; Smart scored 24 points and 9 rebounds.

It is worth mentioning that in the past 13 seasons, the Celtics won Tianwangshan four times, but in the end they were all reversed by their opponents. Now the Celtics have not let the victory slip away.

Lori clings to Tatum (right).

A narrow escape to a close match.

Before deciding the G6, the data organization FiveThirtyEight predicted that the Celtics’ promotion probability was as high as 89%. At that time, almost everyone thought that the Heat was at the end of the road.

However, when it came to Dong Jue G7, the data agency updated the probability of winning the championship again, and the probability of Celtic advancing to the finals was only 52%, while that of Heat was 48%, which was the closest between the two teams.

From a narrow escape to a close match, it is enough to prove the stalemate of this series.

When it comes to tiebreak, coach Spock of the Heat said, "There is nothing like tiebreak, and I am really happy that we can all experience this."

In the history of the Heat’s team, they played in the tiebreak for 10 times, with a record of 6 wins and 4 losses. Since entering the Spock era, the Heat have won 4-2 in the tiebreaker, including 4-0 at home.

Butler is the only one in the Heat who can be trusted.

On the Celtics’ side, they experienced seven away games, and the Celtics won the most three away games with a winning rate of nearly 80% at home.

Among them, in the NBA finals in 1974, the Green Army beat the Bucks away to win the championship. However, after that, the Celtics lost four away tiebreaks in a row.

But history doesn’t mean that the Celtics have no chance-so far this season, the Celtics have been able to beat their opponents by 7.49 points, ranking fourth in NBA history.

In addition, the Celtics have never lost in a row this season. Since the playoffs, the Green Army has won every game after every defeat, with a record of 6 wins and 0 losses.

Brown broke through in the game.

The ability to adjust after losing is the label of Celtic this season. So at the beginning of the tiebreaker, the Green Army showed their aggressiveness.

They obviously strengthened the speed of changing the attack. In this section, the Celtics’ fast break score was 13-4, far ahead of the Heat, and the Celtics’ fast break score in the first quarter was only 1 point less than G6′ s whole game.

It is worth mentioning that Uduka canceled today’s pre-match shooting training. "In this series, I want players to have energetic legs and make them full of energy and vitality."

Under the continuous switching attack, the Celtics led by 32 to 17 in the first quarter, and the 15-point lead was also the biggest difference in the first quarter in the history of NBA tiebreak, while the Celtics led by 15 points in the first quarter in the history of playoff team, and their record was 21 wins and 0 losses.

At the home of the Heat, the Celtics made a perfect start, and the famous mouth Skip even tweeted: "The Celtics should set their home in Miami when they play the finals."

Butler hit the basket again and again.

Open Fire

In the Celtics’ voice tiebreak, the Heat can only rely on Butler.

In this game, Hiro, who missed three games, returned to the game list. He originally needed to rest for 1-2 weeks with a groin strain, but in the moment of life and death, Hiro forced his comeback.

Hiro’s forced comeback is commendable in spirit, but it’s hard to ask Hiro to do more in the intensity of the tiebreak. As Adebayor said: "This is a sensitive injury and he must take it slowly."

Hero, who appeared in the second quarter, not only failed to score, but also became the weak link of the Celtics’ main attack. Not only Hiro, but also the Heat’s starting lineup is quite weak on the offensive end-Lori made 0 shots in the first 5, and Struce and Tucker all missed the first 4 shots.

So the lonely hero Butler went online again. Butler, who scored 47 points in the last game, was still brave in the tiebreaker. At the beginning of the game, the Heat missed the continuous sports battle, and Butler broke the deadlock with a fast-break dunk.

In the second quarter, when the team’s attack was weak, it was Butler who propped up the whole team’s attack and scored 18 points to tie the single-quarter scoring record of his career in the playoffs.

Butler also made adjustments in the game. At the beginning of the game, Butler tried several shots and found that he felt bad, so he immediately switched the mode to kill the inside. Butler made 11 shots in the first half, and only 3 were out of the three-second zone.

Butler acupuncture treatment of knee.

The most representative goal was in the middle of the second quarter. Butler successfully scored 2+1 against the encirclement of the Green Army in the transition.

Throughout the first half, Butler scored 24 points on 8-for-11 shooting, Adebayor scored 11 points on 5-for-10 shooting, while other Heat players scored only 14 points on 3-for-17 shooting.

Before this game, Butler, who finished shooting training, even needed acupuncture to treat his knee.

In the case of Butler’s continuous attack on the inside, the game has already become a hand-to-hand combat. The Green Army made 16 fouls in the first half, which set a new high for the Green Army in the first half of this season.

Butler, who didn’t rest for a second in the first half, led the Heat to chase the score to 49-55, and the biggest difference between the two teams was only 6 points from 14 points.

Hiro came back with an injury.

Give everything you have until you die.

It’s more about the details that determine the outcome of the game.

As coach Spock said before the game, "It really depends on what kind of team you are, and it is a test of team habits. How much trust do players have?" What can you do at these critical moments? Can you do more than your opponent? "

In the last two minutes of G6, Butler scored a crucial 7-pointer, while Tatum and Brown of Celtic scored only one sports game in the last 4 minutes and 43 seconds. Not only that, Tatum also made many mistakes, and Brown wasted the key two penalty opportunities.

However, at that time, the shooting choice of double exploration was related to the defensive strategy of the Heat. As Tatum said after the game, "I think all I have to do is go on the court and feel the game, attract the defense’s attention and find the dislocation."

The same is true in the second half of the tiebreak. When the heat pressure gave us a double exploration, the role players of the Green Army stabilized the situation-Smart scored 9 points in a single quarter, and the Celtics once played a 17-9 offensive climax, but then the heat approached the score, and the Celtics led by 7 points in the third quarter and entered the last quarter.

Horford (right) tries to block Butler.

By the fourth quarter of the game, both sides had already given everything they had. Even when Adebayor fell, he elbowed White’s head and caused bleeding. Both sides still focused on the ball.

However, the Heat missed 7 shots in the fourth quarter and the score was pulled to double digits. But in the last two minutes of the game, the Heat scored 11-0, but Butler and Struce missed 3 points, and the Celtics finally won the victory.

When the smoke of Dongjue gradually dispersed, the warriors in the west were on a two-day vacation. The warriors who broke into the finals in advance will not start the team’s formal training until tomorrow.

As Cole said, "I think it’s important to rest. Both sides are very tired in the regional finals, and I think both teams in the East have felt this."

The Celtics will face an experienced warrior who has reached the finals six times in eight years.

According to the incomplete statistics of the Beijing News reporter, as of May 10, 65 home listed companies have released their 2019 annual reports.

　

In terms of revenue and net profit, enterprises in different fields are different, which can be described as mixed. The data shows that among 65 listed companies, 41 companies have achieved double growth in revenue and net profit, and 22 companies have negative growth in net profit. In addition, Yazhen Home, Yihua Life, Yongan Forestry and Dongyi Risheng suffered losses.

　

Among them, the competitive pressure in the home textile industry has increased; The transformation and upgrading of home stores has gradually opened up the road of new retail innovation; The growth rate of customized enterprises has slowed down, and comprehensive strength has become the key to PK; Decoration enterprises are in a difficult situation and are still exploring new online and digital modes. In addition, some wood furniture enterprises have suffered continuous losses and have implemented delisting risk warning.

　

Home textile industry: competitive pressure, some enterprises began to transform and upgrade.

　

In 2019, enterprises in the home textile industry faced greater market competition pressure, and some enterprises began to transform and upgrade. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, from January to November 2019, the domestic output value of enterprises above designated size in China’s home textile industry reached 119.6 billion yuan, a slight increase of 0.44% year-on-year.

　

The Beijing News reporter learned that among the seven listed companies, Duoai, Luolai Life, Fuanna, Vosges, Mercury Home Textiles, Nanfang and Meng Jie, only Duoai has a total market value of over 10 billion, which is 10.54 billion yuan. Followed by Luolai Life and Fuanna, with a total market value of 7.617 billion yuan and 6.314 billion yuan respectively. Nanfang shares ranked last with 1.646 billion yuan.

　

The annual report shows that in 2019, the revenues and net profits of four companies, Duoai, Luolai Life, Mercury Home Textiles and Meng Jie, increased year-on-year, while the revenues and net profits of Fuanna, Vosges and Nanfang decreased year-on-year.

　

Among them, Duoai’s revenue in 2019 was 75.649 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.19%, and its net profit was 835 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.85%. Both revenue and net profit ranked first. For the change of performance, I like to give two reasons. First, in December 2019, I completed the transfer registration procedures of major assets replacement, stock exchange, absorption and merger of Zhejiang Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd. and related transactions, and fulfilled the delivery obligation of the assets. Zhejiang Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd. became a holding subsidiary of the company, and its operating results were included in the scope of company merger. Second, after the reorganization, the company’s business has maintained steady development. The Beijing News reporter observed that the favorite revenue in 2018 was 903 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.61%, and the net profit was 27.7848 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.09%. Compared with 2018, its revenue and net profit growth slowed down significantly.

　

At the same time, the revenue and net profit of Luolai Life, Mercury Home Textiles and Meng Jie also increased year-on-year, with revenue of 4.86 billion yuan, 3.002 billion yuan and 2.604 billion yuan, up by 0.98%, 10.41% and 12.8% respectively. The net profit was 546 million yuan, 316 million yuan and 85 million yuan respectively, up by 2.16%, 10.69% and 119% year-on-year.

　

However, the revenue and net profit of Fuanna, Vosges and Nanfang declined in different degrees. Among them, Fuanna’s revenue was 2.789 billion yuan, down 4.44% year on year, and its net profit was 507 million yuan, down 6.72% year on year. Vosges’ revenue was 4.987 billion yuan, down 3.56% year-on-year, and its net profit was 387 million yuan, down 10.95% year-on-year. Nanfang’s revenue was 905 million yuan, down 10.58% year-on-year, and its net profit was 109 million yuan, down 41.44% year-on-year.

　

From the data point of view, the market competition pressure of home textile enterprises is greater. Compared with the data in 2018, the growth rate of revenue and net profit also dropped significantly. It is worth noting that in 2019, some home textile enterprises began to transform and upgrade, such as the transformation of Luolai Life into a one-stop brand retailer of home life, and the layout of new retail of Meng Jie shares.

　

Customized home: the overall growth rate slowed down, and one net profit showed negative growth for the first time.

　

In 2019, among the nine listed customized home furnishing enterprises, three have a total market value of over 10 billion, namely Oupai Home Furnishing, Sophia and Shangpin home delivery, with a total market value of 46.34 billion yuan, 17.94 billion yuan and 13.72 billion yuan respectively. The total market value of Dinggu Jichuang, which has been listed for more than one year, is 2.089 billion yuan, ranking ninth.

　

The annual report shows that in 2019, nine custom-made home furnishing enterprises still maintained an upward trend, but the growth rate has obviously slowed down. According to the data, Oupai Home Furnishing, Sophia and Shangpin home delivery occupy the first place, with revenues of 13.533 billion yuan, 7.686 billion yuan and 7.261 billion yuan respectively. Oupai Home Furnishing is the only enterprise with revenues of over 10 billion yuan. The net profits of the three companies were 1.839 billion yuan, 1.077 billion yuan and 528 million yuan respectively, and the growth of revenue and net profit did not exceed 18%.

　

The revenue growth rates of Piano, Golden Kitchen Cabinet, Wole Home and Zhibang Home are all above 20%, with year-on-year growth figures of 32.53%, 24.90%, 23.10% and 21.75% respectively. Its net profit increased by 23.33%, 15.37%, 51.24% and 20.72% respectively.

　

It is worth noting that Haolaike is the only one of the nine listed companies with negative net profit growth. In 2019, its revenue was 2.225 billion yuan, up 4.34% year-on-year, and its net profit was 365 million yuan, down 4.63% year-on-year. The Beijing News reporter learned that since its listing in 2015, Haolaike’s net profit has experienced negative growth for the first time. The 2019 annual report shows that the cost investment of Haolaike has increased, and both research and development expenses and financial expenses have increased year-on-year. Haolaike said that the R&D expenses increased by 63.16% compared with the same period of last year, mainly due to the increase in company categories and increased investment in product R&D and design. The financial expenses increased by 193.94% compared with the same period of last year, mainly due to the interest expense of convertible bonds accrued during the reporting period.

　

From the trend of various enterprises, customized enterprises continue to develop integrated business, pursue personalization, and explore new modes of Internet and digitalization. For example, Sophia officially upgraded the brand strategy to "cabinet customization expert", and Shangpin home delivery launched the development strategy of "new model+large-scale scientific and technological infrastructure".

　

In 2019, the customization boom is still unabated, but the growth rate of customized home furnishing enterprises is slowly slowing down. Some industry analysts pointed out that the customized home furnishing industry has entered the second half of competition, and enterprises have made efforts in brands, channels, products and services, and the future PK is comprehensive strength.

　

Wood furniture: Three enterprises suffered losses and were warned of delisting risk.

　

In 2019, wood furniture enterprises were also happy and sad.

　

According to the incomplete statistics of the Beijing News reporter, in 2019, among the 20 listed wood furniture enterprises such as Gujia Home, Daya Icon and Qumei Home, 17 enterprises were profitable. However, three companies suffered losses and were all warned of delisting risks, namely Yazhen Home, Yihua Life and Yongan Forestry, with net profit losses of 125 million yuan, 185 million yuan and 236 million yuan respectively.

　

Among them, Yazhen Home has suffered a net loss for two consecutive years. From April 29, 2019, Yazhen Home implemented a delisting risk warning, and the stock abbreviation was changed to "*ST Yazhen", and it was suspended for one day on April 28, 2019. For the reason of the loss, Yazhen Home explained that due to the domestic economic environment, industry competition and household consumption classification, the revenue did not meet expectations and the overall gross profit margin declined; As well as high costs such as rent and decoration amortization, store sales are still greatly affected by the market environment, the losses of direct subsidiaries have increased, and the impairment losses of some assets have further expanded on the basis of last year.

　

It is worth noting that on January 5, 2020, Yazhen Home also released a plan to issue shares and pay cash to purchase assets and raise matching funds and related transactions. The plan shows that Yazhen Home will reorganize its assets and intends to purchase 100% equity of Jinmei Intelligent held by Bai Xiangfeng and Liu Youhe in total by issuing shares and paying cash. The transaction price does not exceed 1 billion yuan.

　

Contrary to loss-making enterprises, the net profit of Gujia Home, Daya Shengxiang and Zhejiang Yongqiang ranked in the top three, with 1.161 billion yuan, 720 million yuan and 500 million yuan respectively. Among them, Gujia Home is the only enterprise with a total market value of over 10 billion yuan, with a total market value of 24.88 billion yuan. In addition, Gujia’s home furnishing revenue was 11.094 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.95%, and its operating income exceeded 10 billion for the first time. According to the annual report, in 2019, Gujia Home continued to increase the number of channels, continued to enter new properties, expanded new channels such as department stores, B&Q, Suning and Shangchao, and entered more than 100 blank cities. At the same time, the "1+N+X" layout was initially realized, and the store status was fully upgraded to realize digitalization of channel management.

Home Store: "Transformation" Becomes a synonym

　

In 2019, "transformation" became synonymous with traditional home stores, and "big consumption" transformation, digital transformation and immersive experience emerged one after another.

　

According to the annual report, in 2019, the revenues and net profits of three home stores, namely Easyhome, Red Star Macalline and Fu Sen Mei, all achieved double growth. Among them, Red Star Macalline’s revenue was 16.469 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.66%, and its net profit was 4.480 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.05%. Easyhome’s revenue was 9.085 billion yuan, up 7.94% year-on-year, and its net profit was 3.126 billion yuan, up 60.08% year-on-year. Fu Sen US revenue was 1.619 billion yuan, up 13.96% year-on-year, and net profit was 801 million yuan, up 8.97% year-on-year.

　

It is worth noting that Easyhome landed in A shares on December 26, 2019, and its total market value has reached 48.10 billion yuan, temporarily ranking first. The Beijing News reporter learned that since the start of strategic cooperation with Alibaba in February 2018, Real Home has started a new retail exploration journey, and continued to transform into "big consumption" in 2019, with outstanding data performance. Take double 11 as an example. In 2018, the sales of Easyhome exceeded 12 billion yuan, and in 2019, the sales of Easyhome nationwide reached 20.881 billion yuan.

　

Red Star Macalline is also launching new retail. Since May 2019, it has cooperated with Alibaba in many aspects. At the business level, at present, Red Star Macalline’s "Dragon Wing System" has been connected with Alibaba’s "Meow Zero POS System", further making the overall digitalization of people, goods and fields in the home furnishing industry a reality.

　

Household practitioners say that offline chain stores and online operations do online business in order to improve offline customer acquisition ability, and the goal of digital transformation is to make offline ecology prosper.

Decoration: Decoration enterprises explore new online and digital modes.

　

In 2019, it was not smooth for decoration enterprises, and "hardship" became a multi-frequency vocabulary for some home improvement entrepreneurs. According to the data of the annual report, the revenue and net profit of some enterprises also declined to varying degrees, among which one home improvement enterprise suffered losses.

　

According to the incomplete statistics of the Beijing News reporter, among the 13 decoration enterprises, the total market value of Jintang and Yaxia shares exceeds 10 billion yuan, which are 21.85 billion yuan and 13.36 billion yuan respectively. At the same time, the revenue and net profit of Jintang and Yasha also ranked first and second, with revenue of 30.835 billion yuan and 10.786 billion yuan respectively, and net profit of 2.349 billion yuan and 426 million yuan respectively.

　

It is worth noting that Dongyi Risheng’s revenue was 3.799 billion yuan, ranking sixth among 13 decoration enterprises. However, the revenue decreased by 9.62% year-on-year. In addition, the net profit loss was 249 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 198.7%. Dongyi Risheng explained that the decline in revenue was mainly caused by the decline in home improvement business, while the net profit loss was mainly due to the decline in revenue and impairment of goodwill.

　

In addition, the revenue and net profit of some enterprises have also declined. Among them, Baoying’s revenue decreased by 2.61% and its net profit decreased by 26.73%. The revenue of Mingjiahui decreased by 4.18% and the net profit decreased by 53.16% year-on-year.

　

The Beijing News reporter learned that decoration companies are also exploring a new model of online and digital home improvement in 2019. In 2019, Dongyi Risheng insisted on the road of home improvement through science and technology, and used digital means to improve delivery efficiency. At the same time, Qijia. com, the main operator of Qiyi Technology, which is the representative of Internet home improvement, is also promoting the digital transformation of installation enterprises. In 2019, Qijia. com released the 2020 "Torch Upgrade Plan", which screened and supported 1,000 high-quality home improvement enterprises nationwide, and the first batch of 100 star-rated enterprises formed Qijia. com’s "Torch Library" to provide all-round support for selected enterprises, give priority to development and upgrading, and promote the home improvement industry to the Internet and digital form.

　

Cement building materials: the advantages of head enterprises are obvious, and the total market value of five enterprises exceeds 10 billion.

　

In the field of cement building materials, the Beijing News reporter learned that among the seven enterprises including Jinyu Group, Dongfang Yuhong, Sanshu and Jiayu, five enterprises have a total market value of over 10 billion yuan, namely Dongfang Yuhong 61.02 billion yuan, Beixin Building Materials 40.87 billion yuan, Jinyu Group 35.24 billion yuan, Sanshu 21.23 billion yuan and Weixing New Materials 19.81 billion yuan. Among them, Jinyu Group, Oriental Yuhong and Weixing New Materials ranked in the top three, with net profit of 3.694 billion yuan, 2.066 billion yuan and 983 million yuan respectively.

　

In addition, the revenue of Beixin Building Materials increased by 6.03% year-on-year, but the net profit decreased by 82.11% year-on-year. The Beijing News reporter noted that in 2019, the annual report of Beixin Building Materials mentioned that the company’s non-operating expenditure in 2019 was 2.091 billion yuan, compared with 268 million yuan in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 681.33%. In this regard, Beixin Building Materials explained that the main reason for the increase was the increase in attorney’s fees and settlement fees for plasterboard matters in the United States caused by Taishan Gypsum, a company and its secondary subsidiary. It is understood that since 2009, many homeowners and housing construction companies in the United States have filed many lawsuits against at least dozens of gypsum board manufacturers, including Beixin Building Materials and Taishan Gypsum Co., Ltd., on the grounds of gypsum board quality problems.

　

At the same time, the Beijing News reporter noted that the total market value of Jiayu shares was only 2.1 billion yuan, and at the same time, its revenue and net profit showed a double decline. In 2019, Jiayu’s revenue was 3.437 billion yuan, down 19.21% year-on-year, and its net profit was 26 million yuan, down 56.54% year-on-year.

　

The data shows that there is a big difference in revenue and net profit between cement building materials enterprises, and the head enterprise has obvious advantages, while the tail enterprise has disadvantages in competition, so it is necessary to find a breakthrough in innovation.

　

Bathroom industry: the competition is still fierce, and the two companies have negative growth.

　

In 2019, the competition in the bathroom industry is still fierce. At the same time, the whole industry still shows a trend of declining demand at the retail end and intensifying competition at the engineering end. The Beijing News reporter learned that among the six companies involved in Dior Home, Huida Sanitary Ware, Aopu Home, Songlin Technology, Ruierte and Seagull, the difference in their net profits is not great. Among them, the net profit of Dior Home ranked first with 566 million yuan, followed by Huida Sanitary Ware and Aopu Home, with net profits of 329 million yuan and 268 million yuan respectively. Seagull residents are temporarily ranked sixth with 131 million yuan.

　

However, in 2019, among the six enterprises, only the total market value of Dior Home exceeded 10 billion yuan, reaching 11.60 billion yuan, its revenue was 5.57 billion yuan, up 29.29% year-on-year, and its net profit was 566 million yuan, up 48.70% year-on-year. Both revenue and net profit ranked first. For the growth of performance, Dio Home explained that the synergy effect generated by its high integration with Oushennuo is remarkable, and the comprehensive competitive advantage accumulated by Oushennuo’s self-operated projects over the years has been continuously exerted. At the same time, the retail model innovation and channel sinking layout have been continuously carried out, and the overall operation of Dio Home in 2019 has achieved contrarian growth.

　

According to the annual report, sanitary ware and building ceramics are the two main business sectors of Dior Home. Among them, the bathroom sector is the traditional main business of the company and owns the "Emperor" bathroom brand. However, in terms of sectors, its growth is largely driven by the tile sector, and the performance of the bathroom business has shrunk.

　

In addition, Aopu Home and Songlin Technology experienced negative growth in revenue and net profit. Among them, Aopu Home was listed on the A-share market on January 15, 2020, with its revenue down by 2.05% and net profit down by 11.41%. The revenue of Songlin Technology decreased by 1.14% year-on-year, and the net profit decreased by 0.85% year-on-year.

　

It is worth noting that although the net profit of seagull residents was at the bottom of 131 million yuan, its growth rate ranked first, with a year-on-year increase of 212.03%. It explained that in 2019, we will vigorously develop the domestic sales business of our own brands, such as customized bathroom, cabinets and smart homes, and the business results of the integrated bathroom in the previous strategic layout are outstanding. From the trend of various bathroom enterprises, most enterprises are expanding the whole bathroom business.

　

The industry believes that with the upgrading of consumption, consumers’ requirements for quality have gradually increased, which is a good opportunity for brands with high quality. In addition, the concentration of bathroom industry is not high, even the leading brands at home and abroad still have a lot of room for development.

(Data as of May 10, 2020)

　

Beijing News reporter Zhang Jie

Editor Peng Yali proofreads Liu Baoqing.

write an article　/Tu Yanping

edit　/Huangda Road

design　/Zhao Yongshun

In May 2023, Musk revealed that Tesla FSD V12 would adopt an end-to-end solution. In March 2024, Tesla began to push V12 on a large scale.

According to the statistics of the third-party website FSD Tracker, after the update of Tesla FSD V12, compared with the previous version, the proportion of trips that users completely took over increased from 47% to 72%, and the average take-over mileage (MPI) increased from 116 miles to 333 miles.

On the Tesla FSD V12, the end-to-end autopilot technology has shown great strength.

With the development of AI and big model technology entering a new stage, end-to-end technology has become the focus of the autonomous driving industry. So, what is end to end? To what extent has its technology evolved?

In June 2024, Chentao Capital, Nanjing University Shanghai Alumni Association Autopilot Branch and Jiuzhang Zhijia jointly released the 2024 End-to-end Autopilot Industry Research Report (hereinafter referred to as the Report), which made an all-round analysis from the basic concepts, participants, development drivers, landing challenges and future prospects of end-to-end autopilot.

The Report systematically sorts out the concept of end-to-end autonomous driving technology, puts forward a set of terminology system for reference, and defines the basic concepts of end-to-end.

The Report pointed out that in the early days, the core definition of end-to-end was "a single neural network model from sensor input to control output". In recent years, the concept of end-to-end has been extended to a wider extent. According to the Report, the end-to-end core definition standard should be: lossless transmission of perceived information and global optimization of autonomous driving system.

Based on this definition, combined with the application degree of AI in the autopilot system, the Report divides the autopilot technology architecture into four stages:

The first stage:Perceive "end to end". The sensing module realizes the "end-to-end" at the module level through BEV (Bird Eye View) technology based on multi-transmitter fusion.

The second stage:Modeling of decision planning. Functional modules from prediction to decision-making to planning have been integrated into the same neural network.

The third stage:Modular end to end. Perception module no longer outputs the results based on human understanding definition, but gives more feature vectors. The comprehensive model of predictive decision planning module outputs the results of motion planning based on feature vectors. The two modules cannot be trained independently, and they must be trained simultaneously by gradient conduction.

The fourth stage:One Model end to end. There is no clear division of functions such as perception and decision planning, and the same deep learning model is directly used from the input of the original signal to the output of the final planning trajectory.

Among them, the last two stages meet the above-mentioned end-to-end definition standards.

In addition, the report also distinguishes and analyzes the differences and connections between end-to-end and big model, world model, pure visual sensor scheme and other confusing concepts.

In April, 2016, NVIDIA team published a paper named End to End Learning for Self-driving Cars, which showed the end-to-end autopilot system DAVE-2 based on Convolutional Neural Network, CNN).

The system processes the camera image in front of the vehicle through CNN, and directly outputs the steering angle. During the training process, the model learns by simulating driving data. The Report calls it a pioneering work in the field of end-to-end autonomous driving in recent years.

At present, there are many players with end-to-end autonomous driving in the market. The Report divides them into several categories:

First, the OEM. Such as Tesla, Xpeng Motors, HarmonyOS Zhixing, Weilai and Zero One.

On May 20, 2024, Xpeng Motors held an AI Day conference to announce that the end-to-end large model was on the bus.

On April 24th, 2024, Huawei launched a new version of intelligent driving system-Gankun ADS 3.0, which realized the modeling of decision-making planning and laid the foundation for the continuous evolution of end-to-end architecture.

In addition, Weilai plans to go online in the first half of 2024 based on the end-to-end active safety function, and Zero One Automobile, a new energy heavy truck technology company, plans to realize the deployment of end-to-end autonomous driving by the end of 2024.

Second, autonomous driving algorithm and system company. Such as Yuanrong Qixing, Zhizhi Robot, Shang Tang Jueying and Xiaoma Zhixing.

Horizon proposed the end-to-end algorithm Sparse4D； for automatic driving perception in 2022; In 2023, UniAD, the first publicly published end-to-end autopilot model in the industry, was published by Horizon Scholar I, and won the best paper of CVPR 2023.

In August, 2023, Xiaoma Zhixing opened three traditional modules of perception, prediction and regulation, and unified them into an end-to-end autopilot model. At present, they have been simultaneously installed in L4 self-driving taxis and L2 auxiliary driving passenger cars.

On the eve of the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, NVIDIA revealed the development plan of the autonomous driving business, and mentioned that the second step of the plan was to "achieve a new breakthrough in L2++ system, and get on the LLM (large language model) and VLM (visual language model) models to realize end-to-end autonomous driving".

At the Beijing Auto Show in April, 2024, Yuanrong Qixing demonstrated the high-level intelligent driving platform DeepRoute IO and the end-to-end solution based on DeepRoute IO. Shang Tang Jueying introduced the end-to-end autopilot solution "UniAD" for mass production and the next generation autopilot technology, DriveAGI. The former belongs to the "modular end-to-end" type, and the latter is "One Model end-to-end".

During the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, Du Dalong, co-founder and CTO of Jianzhi Robot, revealed that GraphAD, the original self-driving end-to-end model of Jianzhi Robot, has been mass-produced and deployed, and is being jointly developed with head car companies.

Third, self-driving generative AI companies, such as Nimbus Intelligence and Nimbus Intelligence.

Founded in early 2023, Optical Wheel Intelligence has developed a self-developed full-link solution for end-to-end data and simulation. In September, 2023, Nimbus Intelligent launched DriveDreamer, a world model of autonomous driving, which can realize full-link closed-loop simulation of end-to-end autonomous driving, and can be extended to directly output end-to-end action instructions.

Fourthly, academic research institutions, such as Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Tsinghua University MARS Lab.

Since 2023, driven by Tesla’s benchmarking role, the AGI technology paradigm represented by the big model, and the anthropomorphization and safety requirements of autonomous driving, the attention of the autonomous driving industry to end-to-end has been heating up, and end-to-end has gradually become the consensus of the autonomous driving industry.

According to a survey of more than 30 front-line experts in the autonomous driving industry in the Report, 90% of the respondents indicated that the company they work for has invested in the research and development of end-to-end technology.

The Report analyzes the challenges faced by the end-to-end solution, including technical route, data and computing power requirements, testing and verification, and organizational resources investment.

First, differences in technical routes.

For example, "modular end-to-end" adopts the training paradigm of supervised learning, and "One Model end-to-end" may pay more attention to autoregressive and generative training paradigms, and both routes have company bets. According to the Report, in the next 1-2 years, as more companies and research institutions increase investment in the end-to-end field and launch products, the technical route will gradually converge.

Second, the demand for training data is unprecedented.

Under the end-to-end technology architecture, the importance of training data has been enhanced as never before. Among them, issues related to data quantity, data labeling, data quality and data distribution may all become challenges that limit end-to-end application. The Report suggests that synthesizing data and establishing a data sharing platform may be the solution.

Third, the demand for training computing power is getting higher and higher.

Most companies say that 100 large computing GPUs can support an end-to-end model training. And end-to-end into the mass production stage, the demand for training computing power has increased dramatically.

At the 2024Q1 earnings conference call, Tesla said that there are already 35,000 H100 GPUs, and plans to increase to more than 85,000 H 100 GPUs in 2024. Previously, it also deployed a larger A100 GPU training cluster.

In August, 2023, Tucki announced the establishment of the "Fuxuan" Intelligent Computing Center for Autopilot, with a computing power of 600PFLOPS (calculated from the FP32 computing power of NVIDIA A100 GPU, it is equivalent to about 30,000 A100 GPUs).

In addition, Shang Tang Big Device has laid out a nationwide integrated intelligent computing network, with 45,000 GPUs, with an overall computing power of 12000PFLOPS, which will reach 18000PFLOPS by the end of 2024.

According to the "Report", "Most companies that develop end-to-end autonomous driving are currently at the kilocalorie level. As the end-to-end gradually moves towards a large model, the training computing power will be stretched."

Fourth, the test and verification methods are not mature.

The existing test and verification methods are not suitable for end-to-end autonomous driving, and the industry urgently needs new test and verification methodology and tool chain.

Fifth, the challenge of organizational resource input.

End-to-end needs to reshape the organizational structure and tilt resources to the data side, which challenges the existing model.

In addition, some people think that the lack of computing power and interpretability are the limiting factors for end-to-end landing, and the Report puts forward the opposite conclusion.

The "Report" predicts that the mass production time of the modular end-to-end scheme of domestic autonomous driving companies may be in 2025, and the end-to-end landing time of One Model will be 1-2 years later than the modular end-to-end, from 2026 to 2027. Start mass production.

This will drive the upstream technological progress and the evolution of the market and industrial structure.

Technically, end-to-end landing will accelerate the progress of upstream tool chains and chips on which it depends; On the market side, the improvement of end-to-end autonomous driving experience will bring about an increase in the penetration rate of high-order assisted driving, and may also drive the application of autonomous driving across geographical regions, countries and scenes; In terms of industrial structure, end-to-end further enhances the importance of data and AI talents, which may lead to new industrial division of labor and business models.

In the early stage of development, autonomous driving draws lessons from the accumulation of many robot industries in perception algorithms, planning algorithms, middleware and sensors. In recent years, autonomous driving technology and industrial maturity have improved, among which the AGI technology paradigm provided by end-to-end autonomous driving has a feedback effect on the universal humanoid robot industry.

The "Report" believes that with the continuous progress of AI technology, the mutual integration and mutual reference of autonomous driving and robotics will be deeper, jointly promoting AGI (General Artificial Intelligence) to the physical world and creating greater social value.

After repeated exposure by the media, "naked loan" has entered the field of vision of more and more people. Xiao Jing (a pseudonym), a sophomore girl in a vocational school in Hefei, borrowed money to spend money with her boyfriend through "naked loan" and ended up in a quagmire. The principal borrowed for personal use is less than 50,000 yuan, less than one year, and the loan principal owed has reached 300,000 yuan, and the total principal and interest is more than 500,000 yuan. After he couldn’t afford the money, his photo of naked ID card was exposed to the Internet, and his family’s phone calls were also blasted by debt collection calls. As a last resort, the family is selling the only house for repayment while calling the police.

Event: Girls spend a lot of money on boyfriends, nude photos mortgage high-interest loans.

Some time ago, a netizen broke the news on Weibo, saying that Xiao Jing, a sophomore girl in a vocational college in Hefei, had been missing for a week on the grounds that she only loved the investment in cold light whitening instruments, mortgaged her nude photos and forged her father’s guarantee, defrauding and absconding with money. At present, there have been many victims of fraud. Weibo Middle School also exposed the photos of girls with "naked" ID cards, and their home address, school dormitory address, major, contact information of parents, school teachers and even classmates were all announced one by one, and Weibo immediately caused an uproar.

According to the contact information in the picture, the reporter contacted Xiao Jing’s father, Zhang Xu (a pseudonym). He told the reporter that Weibo’s disclosure was false except that his daughter forged her own guarantee. "She did owe a lot of money outside, but she didn’t cheat." Zhang Xu told reporters that her daughter had a boyfriend in her freshman year without telling her family, which cost a lot and her family was average. When she had no money, she borrowed money through the online lending platform by means of "naked loan", and the principal was as high as 300,000 yuan. There were as many as 59 online lending platforms and lenders who had "loans" with her. "Most of this 300,000 yuan is not borrowed, but borrowed to repay the debts owed in the previous period. In this way, robbing Peter to pay Paul, resulting in more and more debts. The real money she borrowed for her own use was almost less than 50,000 yuan, and the result was less than one year. Now the total principal and interest is more than 500,000 yuan. " Zhang Xu told reporters that the weekly interest rate of her daughter’s "naked loan" loan is as high as 3 points, and "the interest of 10,000 yuan a week is as high as 3,000 yuan."

Multiple creditors are not allowed to spread their photos and other privacy when collecting debts.

Xiao Jing first borrowed money through "campus loan". Later, the more money he borrowed, the less he could pay, so he had to use the naked loan to "borrow and support the loan". Through her father, she stressed to reporters that these so-called "victims" who claimed to cheat money were not their own so-called partners, but all lenders. They exposed their photos online in order to force her to pay off her debts.

In fact, after Xiaojing’s overdue payment, the object of the lender’s forced debt has spread to people around her. Some lenders exposed her information in the post bar of Xiaojing’s school, and even sent false messages to her classmates. Even those who have contacted her in the last three months have received these false information. In addition to Xiao Jing, the lives of Zhang Xu and other family members were also "disturbed" by the phone calls of the debtors. "On average, more than 30 dunning calls can be received every day, and there are 15 at least one day." Zhang Xu said. "Now that things have gone out, my daughter is under great pressure. I am now in contact with these lenders to see if I can repay the principal first and then compensate some interest. " Zhang Xu said that most lenders are better. "There are six or seven lenders who are not very talkative. They posted photos of my daughter on Weibo, and rumors that she lost contact after fraud are also among them." Zhang Xu said, "My daughter is still wet behind the ears, and she realizes that she has made a mistake. What I can do now is to minimize the impact of these photos on her future life. Give her another chance. "

Father is going to sell the house to pay off debts and has reported to the police station.

Zhang Xu works as a driver in a private enterprise, earning more than 4,000 yuan a month. His wife charges in the local vegetable market, and he gets more than 1,000 yuan a month. There is also a young son who has just entered the fifth grade at home, and his life is already difficult. In order to pay back the money, he began to borrow money, and he begged his colleagues, neighbors, relatives and friends all over again. Because of the high interest rate, the debt is still snowballing. In desperation, Zhang Xu decided to sell the house she lived in online. "How can a normal family sell the only house? The current economic situation of our family is really collapsed. " He said.

At present, Mr. Zhang has reported to the police station in the jurisdiction that his daughter’s photo was exposed to the Internet by the other party, and the police are investigating the matter.

In the interview, Zhang Xu told reporters that around her daughter, this kind of campus loan in the form of "naked loan" is very rampant. "In a very well-known 211 university in Anhui, a student used to borrow money through’ naked loan’, and the principal and interest were more than 100,000 yuan. Later, it was not available, and the family knew it. I tried to pay her back. At present, she is lending money to others, and my daughter has borrowed money from her. "

Zhang Xu told reporters that after contacting the lender, "she is also a good person, and for the sake of conscience, she reduced part of my daughter’s debt."

Zhang Xu said that the harm of "naked loan" is very far-reaching. The reason why he stood up for an interview with reporters was to warn other students in the society, including their parents, to recognize the true face of this "campus loan" and not to be deceived again. "As parents, it is especially important to supervise their children’s behavior on campus and their financial situation. Educate children to be diligent and frugal, and spend according to their abilities. " Zhang Xu hopes that there will be fewer victims like her daughter in the future.

Statement: operating campus loans without a license violates the crime of illegal business.

Lawyer Zhu Zheng of Anhui Zhongtianheng Law Firm told reporters that they have also seen this kind of rights protection case in which private photos were leaked on the Internet due to "naked loan", and the final result was that the lender was convicted for spreading obscene articles. According to Zhu Zheng, if "campus loan" is not individual and sporadic, but organized and large-scale normal lending, it belongs to the category of lending business. If there is no relevant license, it may violate the crime of illegal business in the Criminal Law. According to its introduction, on August 24th this year, four ministries and commissions, namely China Banking Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security and Network Information Office, officially issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Business Activities of Information Intermediaries in peer-to-peer lending, which will definitely have a strong regulatory and governance effect on online loans such as campus loans. At present, the status quo is that after the introduction of this method, many campus loan business forms have changed from the legal situation to being directly characterized as illegal. "Many campus loans have disappeared."

(The original title is "Naked Debit", and the nude photos of sophomores are exposed.)

　　[Global Times Comprehensive Report] "Nearly 15% of Irish adults have been raped, and one-third of them have experienced some form of sexual violence." A recent study in Ireland is surprising. According to a report in the Irish Times on the 25th, the survey on the probability of sexual violence in Ireland analyzed the data of 1,020 voluntary respondents. The definition of rape in this study mainly refers to the behavior of the perpetrator’s genitals entering the victim’s vagina, anus or mouth. The study found that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men had been raped, and about 31% Irish adults said they had been sexually harassed to varying degrees.

　　At the same time, there is a significant gender gap between the victims. The results show that 49% of women have been sexually assaulted or harassed, while the probability of male victims is 19%. Among the interviewees who have experienced sexual violence, about 8.5% said that sexual assault occurred in childhood, 15.8% in adolescence and 16.7% in adulthood. (He Shan)

Judging from the origin of the story and folklore, the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not a model of positive love story. Only under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day, many people call Tanabata the ancient Valentine’s Day in China because of the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl Meeting". The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with being selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools for a long time.

Special Stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Meet at the Magpie Bridge"

Ancient origin: Cowherd and Weaver Girl are all negative images.

Limited by the underdevelopment of science and technology, in the eyes of the ancients, the sky is supreme and the stars are personalized. The stars in the vast universe have also become gods with personality consciousness, worshipped and believed. Vega has always been personified as the image of "Bai Fu Mei". "Historical Records Tianguan Book": "Weaver Girl, Goddess Sun Ye." "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicle of Heaven": "Weaver girl, the son of heaven is a true girl." The Samsung across the Milky Way from Vega is called River Drum Star. The three stars of the river drum are arranged in a straight line, and the middle one is extremely bright. The whole image is like a cowherd carrying a son and a daughter, so the people are also called the shoulder pole star, which is more like a cow. Therefore, it was later equated with Petunia, such as "Er Ya Shi Tian": "The North Pole is called Beichen, and the drum is called Petunia."

stellar map

The origin of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong, it is said: "There is a Han in Wei Tian, and there is light in prison. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Even though the weaver girl is busy, she doesn’t weave a good Stripe. Give him a cow, not a box. " Among them, there are records about the Weaver Girl and the Petunia Stars, which have always been regarded as the germination and embryo of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. The images of "Weaver Girl" and "Petunia" in the poem are quite negative: Weaver Girl doesn’t weave, Petunia doesn’t drive, and emphasizes that Petunia and Weaver Girl are in name only, thus satirizing the behavior of nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty who get something for nothing.

The further clarification of the relationship between the legend of Niu Nv and Qixi in the Han Dynasty is inevitably related to the advocacy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to train the water army, Kunming Pool was dug in Doumen, Chang ‘an. On both sides of the pool, there are statues of cowherd and weaver girl, and Kunming pool is used to symbolize Tianhe. Ban Gu’s "Xidu Fu" "There are two stone people in Kunming Pool, who are like cows and weaver girls." During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the two stars were further personified, and there was an unfortunate plot of the marriage of the Weaver Girl. Nineteen Ancient Poems in the Han Dynasty wrote: "The Altair is far away, and the Jiaojiao River is a Chinese woman. ….. The river is clear and shallow. How much difference does it make? Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse is speechless. " By the time of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties, Yin Yun wrote the first complete version of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Novel, "There is a Weaver Girl in the east of Tianhe, and the son of the Emperor of Heaven is also there. Every year, the loom labors, weaving into a brocade dress, and the appearance is too messy. The emperor pitied him for being alone and promised to marry a cowherd in Hexi. After marriage, he abandoned weaving. The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered to return to Hedong, but it was held once a year. " The story explains the tragedy of their marriage, and the annual meeting has become a model of faithful love.

However, according to the text data of Yunmeng Qin Bamboo Slips unearthed in Hubei, the original prototype of the touching love story between Cowherd and Weaver, the daughter of Tiandi, is the marriage tragedy that Cowherd abandoned Weaver many times. "Wu Shen, Ji You, pulling the cow to take the weaver girl, failing, three abandonment." "Wu Shen, Ji You, pull the cow to take the weaver girl and fail. If you are not three years old, you will abandon it." Different from the legend of later generations, their separation was not caused by external interference, but by the man’s change of heart. People look up at the starry sky, and two bright stars twinkle on both sides of Tianhe, so they imagine that these two stars may be a couple. The husband abandoned his wife, and the wife looked at the "ungrateful person" on the other side of Tianhe affectionately. Why does the separation of Altair and Vega in the sky become a symbol of the tragedy of marriage between men and women on earth? Looking through the Book of Songs, we will find some social tragedies that reflect the change of heart of men and the abandonment of their wives in a patriarchal society, such as Ye Feng Gu Feng, which "turns an Jiang Le to a woman" and "turns an Jiang Le to a legacy"; "Wei Feng for self-protection", "the banquet of the general angle, laughing and laughing, swearing, not thinking about the opposite."

　

Folklore: It is a helpless move for the weaver girl to marry the cowherd.

The embryonic form of the myth of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" was established in the Han Dynasty, and the myth of Cowherd and Weaver Girl was widely spread among the people through the rendering of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the story plot and characters have been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family system has become more stringent, and the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has also incorporated these elements.

In quite a few versions, the combination of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not the true love that most people know now. Cowherd was able to cross the family line and marry the "Bai Fumei" Weaver Girl, which was caused by stealing the fairy clothes under the guidance of the old cow. After marriage, Weaver Girl mostly managed to get the fairy clothes back and escape from the world. There are 18 articles in China Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl and Folk Literature Volume edited by Chen Yongchao.

Various versions of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before the founding of the People’s Republic of China

Legend of China Cowherd and Weaver Girl

These stories often use words such as "had to" and "forced" when describing the marriage of the Weaver Girl to the Cowherd. For example, it is most clearly expressed in The Silly Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which is circulated in Shijiazhuang. "The Silly Cowherd is in a hurry and says that the Weaver Girl doesn’t love the same flesh and blood, and she is absolutely heartless. Weaver girl even cursed the silly cowherd:’ You are not a thing! Who told you to take my clothes and force me to get married! You have harmed me and a pair of children, which are all your sins!’ "It can be seen that the combination of the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd is out of helplessness. It is in the case that the Weaver Girl was stolen from the fairy clothes and could not return to heaven, and the Cowherd saw the body, so she had to stay on earth and marry the Cowherd. They originally lacked the emotional foundation of mutual consent, which laid a hidden danger for the Weaver Girl to escape to the sky and their marriage broke down.

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Stealing Clothes and Becoming Attached"

There is also a plot worthy of attention in many stories, that is, the plot of Niu Lang’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife". This just proves that the weaver girl has no love for the cowherd, and she was forced to marry and have children with the cowherd-the fairy clothes were hidden. There are 20 articles in "The Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in China Folk Literature Volume" that contain the plot of "hiding clothes to prevent wives". Cowherd’s attitude towards Weaver Girl is more than guarding against theft. He took the initiative, or listened to the old cow’s instructions, and hid the fairy clothes of Weaver Girl in a secret place to prevent her from escaping. Cowherd’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife" comes first, which has become an important prerequisite for the weaver girl to abandon her husband and children and flee to heaven. For example, in "Meet at the Que Bridge" written by Panshi, Jilin Province, "The Cowherd carries the Weaver Girl on his back and buries her long-sleeved shirt under the stone beside the door". This precaution even lasts into the daily life after marriage. In The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in Shijiazhuang, the Cowherd "guards the Weaver Girl in the dark, always afraid that she will run back to the sky".

Stories of hiding clothes and defending wives in many versions

Judging from the existing literature, the earliest literature record about drawing a river was also drawn by Weaver Girl. Gong Mingzhi’s "Notes on the Middle Wu Dynasty" in the Song Dynasty: "Kunshan County is east, and the place name is Huanggu. From father to father, it is said that there is a weaver girl and Altair descended here. The weaver girl rowed the river with a golden grate, and the river overflowed, so the petunia could not cross it. "

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Chasing Wife with a Burden"

The pursuit of free love is the theme after the transformation.

In fact, the image change of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is the result of the continuous transformation of myths and legends by national emotions, and the elements of the times are constantly added. This has always been the case since ancient times. The version we are familiar with at present is more the result of the transformation of operas such as Tianhe Pei after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which has established the theme of labor, love and anti-feudalism. Cowherd became the representative of working people’s image, Weaver girl became the representative of pursuing free love, and Queen Mother became the representative of feudal parents.

The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with its long-term selection in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools.The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was first selected as a middle school Chinese textbook in 1955, and was personally adapted from folklore by Mr. Ye Shengtao, then president of People’s Education Publishing House. The adapted legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl still retains the original story form of swan virgin, fairy ordinary man and two brothers in structure, but it has made great changes in thought. The most important change is to eliminate the negative images of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, and to highlight the persecution of young men and women by the old ethics and the old system. The story implies the persecution of lovers by feudal paternalism "parents’ orders, matchmakers’ words", and the persecution of cowherd by feudal hierarchy (the fairy is different) and patriarchal clan system (the old and the young are orderly).

These reservations and adaptations are reflected in the content. The reserved plot includes the persecution of Cowherd by his brother and sister-in-law. "My brother and sister-in-law treated him badly, told him to eat leftovers, wear rags and sleep in the cowshed at night." The plot of returning clothes is an important part of changing the nature of the story. Cowherd not only did not hide his clothes, but also refused to return them. When the Cowherd heard the Weaver Girl ask where the clothes were, he also took the initiative to return the gauze clothes to him. "When the Cowherd heard this, he came out of the Woods and held the gauze clothes in his hands and said,’ Don’t worry, girl, your clothes are here’" … After listening to the Weaver Girl’s words, the Cowherd said,’ Girl, since there is nothing good in the sky, you don’t have to go back. You can work, and I can work. Let’s get married and live together for life. " The weaver girl thought for a moment and said,’ You are right. Let’s get married and live together.’ "In this case, the Weaver Girl took the initiative to stay, belonging to two people with emotional foundation. As for this version of the Queen Mother, it is completely the image of a vicious old lady. "She went to the Cowherd’s house in person, and it happened that Cowherd was working in the field, so she grabbed the Weaver Girl and walked out. Seeing the old woman angrily pulling her mother away, the Weaver Girl boy ran to hold her clothes. The Queen Mother gave a hard push and the child fell to the ground. "

The Images of Cowherd, Weaver Girl and Queen Mother in Comic Books

Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, most people learned and passed on the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl by word of mouth, so the versions had different themes. Nowadays, most people know the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl through written texts, mostly based on the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl adapted by Ye Shengtao in Chinese textbooks, which is an important factor affecting people’s cognition of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Ye Shengtao’s adaptation could have been accepted by the public, which met the social needs of abolishing the old ethics and pursuing equality, especially the pursuit of free love after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and also satisfied the people’s long-hidden dream of a fairy.

Today, customs such as "begging for cleverness" on Qixi, which is closely related to ancient needlework, have lost their original soil. The beautified fairy tale of the meeting between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is still widely circulated. These make modern people make a wrong judgment-Qixi is an ancient Valentine’s Day. In today’s Chinese Valentine’s Day, merchants take the opportunity to engage in promotion, and the media will not hesitate to report on the layout; On the other hand, matchmaking agencies took the opportunity to engage in friendship, and even local women’s organizations joined the team of friendship matchmaking for fear of being left behind. The reason for this situation is that I don’t know the original custom of Tanabata and the original story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. The reason is probably a series of phenomena caused by contemporary commerce under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day. Have you noticed that even Christmas Eve and Christmas in the west are packaged by China businessmen as the day when men and women meet?

References:

Zhou Yuxian: Inheritance and Evolution of Cowherd and Weaver Girl Literature in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Capital Normal University, March 2009.

Li Chao: Another Probe into the Image of the Weaver Girl —— On the Negative Image of the Weaver Girl in the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Story, Folk Culture Forum, August 2012.

Qi Lingyun: Gender Conflict and Discourse Power —— On the Evolution of the Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before and after the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Folklore Research, No.5, 2014.

CCTV News:Recently, many tourists from China said that they bought fake jadeite in Myanmar. Some tourists said that the green color on the jadeite they bought faded for about half a year, and some black spots appeared. Others said that the jadeite bought in Myanmar was found to be filled and dyed when it came back to China for identification. The problem jadeites bought by these tourists all come from the Jiaowan Jade Market in Mandalay, a city in central Myanmar. So what kind of secrets are hidden behind these problematic jade products? CCTV reporters launched an investigation.

　

Myanmar Jiaowan Emerald Market

With the problem jadeite provided by consumers, the reporter came to Mandalay, the second largest city in Myanmar, which is also the nearest central city to Pagan mining area, the main producing area of jadeite. Kyauk Wan Market, the largest jadeite market in Myanmar, is located here. As early as more than 50 years ago, Jiaowan Jade Market was a distribution center for jade trading, but it was not until 2000 that a formal market was built. After continuous development, there were more than 1,700 booths for jade trading, and it was still expanding to surrounding areas. At the same time, this market is gradually strengthening supervision, especially the investigation and punishment of counterfeiting and selling fakes.

Wu Danwen, Chairman of the Management Committee of Jiaowan Emerald Market in Mandalay, Myanmar: There is a market supervision committee in Jiaowan Market, and police are deployed in this market. They patrol twice in Jiaowan every morning and twice in the afternoon to reduce the occurrence of fake sales through inspections.

In the interview, the reporter found that many businesses in the market have indicated that they attach great importance to credibility in their operations and have adopted various ways to prevent counterfeit goods. Since the management and merchants have taken many measures to prevent counterfeit jadeite from appearing in the market, how can many tourists buy problematic jadeite here? In the following investigation, the reporter found some special features of this market. In China, jade products are mostly sold in high-end shopping malls or jewelry stores; Here, jade products of various grades will be sold in these humble stalls and counters, and the business model here is also different.

There are a large number of tourists selling jadeite products or semi-finished products.

CCTV reporter: We have found a relatively special business model here, that is, behind these counters, most of them are merchants who buy jadeite, while in the market, there are a large number of tourists selling jadeite finished products or semi-finished products. For a large number of tourists, it is difficult to fully supervise the market management, which leaves room for counterfeiting and selling.

In the Jiaowan market, there are dozens or even hundreds of jadeite products, and there are a large number of tourists selling them in front of various stalls. And the bags of jadeite in the hands of these tourists are often sold in batches, and they are not sold separately.

CCTV reporter: We found that many professional merchants often buy dozens or even hundreds of jadeites at one time, but for ordinary tourists, they can only buy a few at a time, which makes it easy for some tourists to distinguish the difference between them. This is also the reason why in this market, the proportion of fake sales is very low, but tourists are often fooled.