CCTV News:July 25th this year — July 31st is the fourth "Health Promotion Week for the Elderly" in China. The theme of this year is to improve the nutrition and promote the health of the elderly. Various forms have been adopted in various localities to publicize the policies on health services for the elderly and the knowledge of popular science on health for the elderly.

In this elderly health care center in Yanjiao, Sanhe, Hebei Province, a monthly elderly health lecture hall is being held, and nutritionists explain health knowledge to the elderly.

Zhejiang has carried out the "Five Actions" of health services for the elderly in view of their visual function, oral health, nutritional status, cognitive function and wisdom to help the elderly, so as to improve their health management level. In Xilong Township, Anji County, in addition to routine physical examination items, residents over 65 years old also enjoy physical examination services such as thyroid function and tumor markers.

　　　　　　 The team of family doctors in Wenjiang District of Chengdu provides free health services for more than 1,500 disabled and semi-disabled elderly people over 65 years old in the whole district. Guo Fuze, a 77-year-old resident, had a sudden cerebral infarction seven years ago, and his lower body was paralyzed, so he couldn’t take care of himself. Family doctors came to his house regularly for health examination and rehabilitation training.

People often say that "people get old when they are old", and the most prominent aging of both legs is the aging of the knee joint. The incidence of knee arthritis in China is about 8%, and the prevalence rate of people over 75 years old is 80%.

In the orthopedic clinic of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, about 60% of the patients who came to see the doctor were knee arthritis.

The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. When we walk on the ground, go up and down the stairs and squat, it is mainly the knee joint that plays a role. The time of knee joint pain symptoms is generally earlier than other joints.

Sun Fenglong, Director of the Second Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University:It has the best stability, and it also has the best flexibility, so this knee joint is very complicated in structure at first, so this complex organ is prone to many problems, the most common first sports injury, and second, from the perspective of middle-aged and elderly people, its gradual degradation process is a process of cartilage degeneration and arthritis.

　　　　　　 The symptoms of knee arthritis include joint pain, limited joint activity, joint deformity, joint swelling, muscle atrophy and so on. The prevalence rate of people over 65 years old is about 50%, and the prevalence rate of people over 75 years old is as high as 80%. There is no significant difference between male and female in mild patients. Among severe patients over 60 years old, the incidence rate of women is higher than that of men.

According to the doctor, there are some misunderstandings in the prevention and treatment of knee arthritis at present, such as low rate of seeing a doctor and low compliance, etc. So how to prevent and care the knee joint scientifically in daily life? Come and listen to the doctor.

Some patients think that knee arthritis is a minor illness, and they did not seek medical treatment in time, which led to more and more serious conditions.

The doctor reminded that at present, there is no medicine that can reverse the pathological changes of patients with knee arthritis. As long as the articular cartilage has not returned to normal, the pain will reappear and the condition will further deteriorate. Experts remind that incorrect exercise will increase the friction and load of joints and aggravate arthritis.

Sun Fenglong, Director of the Second Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University:The first one is climbing the mountain, the second one is dancing, and the third one is boxing. These three kinds of sports are very prone to cartilage damage because they often require the knee joint to be in a semi-flexion state, which has great wear on the patella joint and the inner and outer sides of the whole joint.

Walking, swimming, cycling and other moderate aerobic exercises are helpful to maintain joint function, and patients with mild knee arthritis should exercise leg muscles.

In this bustling international metropolis-Shanghai, there are a group of special groups living. They shuttle between high-rise buildings every day and are busy with various business activities and social occasions. They are the white-collar professionals in this city. White-collar workers in Shanghai are famous for their unique professional attitudes, lifestyles and close ties with urban development.

In Shanghai, the work pressure of white-collar workers is enormous. Every morning, when the first ray of sunshine shines on the streets of this city, countless white-collar workers have embarked on the journey to work. They either take the subway and are squeezed into "sardines" in crowded carriages; Or travel by car and wait anxiously on the congested road. After entering the office, they began a busy and intense day. Faced with a mountain of documents, endless meetings and endless projects, they often need to work overtime until late at night. However, even if they are physically and mentally exhausted, they still maintain a high degree of professionalism and professionalism, and strive to complete every task.

This high-intensity work pressure makes many white-collar workers have to sacrifice their personal lives. For them, weekends are often not a time to rest and relax, but a day to deal with work, attend training courses or socialize with customers. In this state for a long time, many white-collar workers have health problems, such as insomnia, anxiety and depression. But even so, they still insist on gritting their teeth, because they know that in this highly competitive society, only by making more efforts can they get better career development opportunities.

White-collar workers in Shanghai are not just working machines. They are busy, but also have a colorful lifestyle. After work, they will invite three or five friends to the bar for a drink to release the pressure at work; Or walk into the cinema and enjoy an audio-visual feast; I will also go to the gym to sweat and keep healthy. On weekends, they will participate in various interest groups or outdoor activities, such as photography, mountaineering, cycling, etc., to enrich their spare time. These seemingly simple activities not only free them from intense work, but also provide them with opportunities to communicate and learn from others, making their lives more substantial and meaningful.

Besides work and entertainment, white-collar workers in Shanghai also attach great importance to their own growth and development. They actively participate in various training courses and industry seminars to continuously improve their professional skills and knowledge. In this era of information explosion, they understand that only by continuous learning can they keep pace with the times and not be eliminated by society. At the same time, they are also keen to read all kinds of books, from literature and art to science and technology, and extensively dabble in various fields of knowledge to enrich their connotations and horizons.

In Shanghai, a vibrant city, the lifestyle of white-collar workers is closely linked to social changes. With the development of economy and social progress, people’s material living standards are constantly improving, and the demand for spiritual culture is also growing. White-collar workers pursue not only material satisfaction, but also spiritual prosperity. They began to pay attention to social issues such as environmental protection and public welfare undertakings, and actively participated in various volunteer activities to contribute their own strength to society. This change in values reflects people’s yearning and pursuit for a better life in modern society.

In the pursuit of career success, white-collar workers in Shanghai are also facing many challenges and puzzles. How to maintain physical and mental health under high-intensity work pressure? How to balance family and personal life in busy work? These problems have been bothering them. In order to find the answer, they keep exploring and trying to find a lifestyle that suits them.

Some white-collar workers choose to slow down and return to family life. They realize that the companionship and support of family members is the cornerstone of their career success. Therefore, they will try their best to spend time with their families and spend warm time together. Some white-collar workers choose to quit their jobs and pursue their dreams. They believe that only when they do what they love can they truly realize the value of life.

White-collar workers in Shanghai have shown their perseverance and positive attitude in this international metropolis. While pursuing career success, they are constantly exploring how to balance the relationship between personal life and work. Their stories are not only about the course of personal struggle and growth, but also about the vivid portrayal of the influence of social changes on people’s values. Through their experiences, we have seen the challenges and opportunities faced by modern urbanites in the fast-paced life, and also felt their yearning and pursuit for a better life. I hope everyone who works hard in the city can find their own balance in their busy work and live a full and happy life.

In the workshop of Shandong Junfu Nonwoven Fabric Co., Ltd., workers are processing non-woven fabrics for masks. (Tonglian photo, provided by the interviewed enterprises)

　　From the usual 20 thousand yuan/ton, it has risen to more than 300 thousand yuan/ton, and the industry expects it to rise in the future … … Melt-blown non-woven fabrics (hereinafter referred to as melt-blown fabrics), known as the "heart" of masks, have increased their prices by more than 15 times in recent months, forming a very strong seller’s market.

　　During the epidemic period, masks are important protective equipment, and they have become a must-have for first-line medical care, enterprises returning to work, and people traveling, and the market demand has soared. The new production capacity of masks in China has doubled rapidly, and the supply of melt-blown cloth, the core raw material, is in short supply.

　　How scarce are the core raw materials of masks? What is the root cause of the skyrocketing price of meltblown fabrics? A large number of mask production lines have been put into production. Why don’t manufacturers take the opportunity to expand the production capacity of meltblown fabrics? When can we alleviate the shortage of raw materials for masks? With relevant questions, the reporter tracked the upstream industrial chain of masks and investigated key production links such as mask factories, cloth factories and material factories.

　　Tight cloth

　　Melt-blown fabrics are in short supply and their prices are rising rapidly, forming a very strong seller’s market.

　　"Everything is easy to say except meltblown cloth." In a mask supply sharing exchange group, a manufacturer said this.

　　The group brings together more than 100 related manufacturers in the upstream and downstream of the mask industry, and they will exchange information related to masks in the group. Although the prices of materials such as ear straps and nose bridge strips are also rising, the supply is not in short supply. Only meltblown cloth forms a very strong seller’s market.

　　"Recently, the inquiry for meltblown fabrics has quoted at least 200,000 yuan/ton, and it is not unusual for 300,000 to 400,000 yuan. Two weeks ago, we purchased 80,000 yuan/ton, and the highest was 120,000 yuan/ton. " Recently, a Shandong clothing company that switched to masks and other epidemic prevention materials "has no way to find materials". Ding Yan, the person in charge of the company, said that the rapid rise in the price of meltblown fabrics made people unprepared.

　　Melt-blown cloth is the key material to filter viruses for masks, and it can be called the "heart" of medical surgical masks and N95 masks. Medical surgical masks generally adopt multi-layer structure, which is called SMS structure for short: single-layer spunbonded layer (S) on the inside and outside, and single-layer or multi-layer meltblown layer (M) in the middle, and meltblown cloth is the best material for the meltblown layer.

　　Without meltblown cloth, we can only "let the machine wait for the cloth" Qingdao Hainuo Bioengineering Co., Ltd. owns two production lines of medical surgical masks and one production line of civil masks. They once reported to the local government that some production lines had to stop production because of the shortage of raw materials and the unavailability of goods.

　　"Meltblown fabrics that meet medical standards can’t be bought now," said the person in charge of Sheng Da Medical Hygiene Materials Co., Ltd., whose inventory of meltblown fabrics can only be used until the beginning of March. The company now has a mask production line, and two new lines will arrive at the factory in early March, when the daily demand for meltblown fabrics will increase from the current 80 to 90 kilograms to about 200 kilograms. If meltblown fabrics can’t be purchased, the new lines will be difficult to put into production. At present, the company has reported the demand information to government departments, hoping to solve the problem of medical meltblown cloth gap in the near future.

　　A flood of demand

　　On the demand side of melt-blown fabrics, the number of masks has increased greatly, and some manufacturers are looking for materials everywhere to raise the price of fabrics.

　　According to the introduction of the National Development and Reform Commission, the current capacity utilization rate of masks in China has reached 110%. As of February 29th, the daily capacity of masks in China has reached 110 million, and the daily output has reached 116 million. At present, 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities except Tibet have successively set up new mask production lines, and at the same time, new mask production lines will be put into production. The person in charge of China Textile Business Association said that in the future, the market demand for meltblown fabrics will further increase.

　　In order to alleviate the shortage of masks, it has become an important way for non-mask manufacturers to become mask manufacturers. At present, many governments have opened up green channels to speed up examination and approval, and encouraged enterprises related to the industrial chain to switch to emergency production. Based on industrial and commercial registration’s changed information, from January 1st to February 7th, more than 3,000 enterprises in China added "masks, protective clothing, disinfectant, thermometers and medical devices" to their business scope.

　　In the "Docking Zone for Production Process of Key Medical Prevention and Control Materials" launched by the State Council Client applet on February 21st, the reporter saw that most enterprises are seeking the supply of meltblown cloth.

　　The reporter found that the recent surge in cloth prices was mainly reflected by small and medium-sized mask factories and new mask factories that had just changed production. The relevant person in charge of the Shandong Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology said that the price of masks is high, and the production of masks is profitable. Coupled with the initiative of local governments, many enterprises have switched to masks, and the demand for raw materials has increased greatly, and the supply is not enough.

　　In order to ensure the supply of epidemic prevention materials in the first line of medical care, the national and local industry and information departments have formulated a number of key enterprises to ensure materials. The production of these mask factories and cloth factories is monitored by the government, and the sales are dispatched by the government, and the price increase is relatively controllable. However, people in the industry believe that there are a large number of mask factories that have emerged recently, and there are no stable suppliers. They can only look for raw materials everywhere, and they will not hesitate to buy materials.

　　A restless supply of goods

　　At the supply end of meltblown cloth, there are small factories sitting on the ground, and at the circulation end of meltblown cloth, there are middlemen who take the opportunity to earn the difference.

　　Walking into the factory of Shandong Junfu Nonwoven Fabric Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shandong Junfu) located in Dongying City, Shandong Province, the reporter saw a busy scene. It is reported that they have been working overtime since receiving the notice from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on January 27, and all 10 production lines are producing at full capacity 24 hours a day. The daily output of meltblown cloth produced by Shandong Junfu is about 13 tons, accounting for 1/10 of the whole country. According to the scheduling of the state and relevant departments, it is mainly supplied to downstream enterprises in Hubei and Shandong.

　　There are not many large-scale manufacturers that can produce meltblown fabrics in China. The industry has been lacking attention for a long time, showing a tepid situation, and the industry as a whole has shown a small and scattered situation. At present, the domestic meltblown cloth production capacity is mainly distributed in a few provinces and cities such as Shandong, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu.

　　At the supply end of meltblown cloth, the price increase of large cloth factories is not large under the control of the government, but some small factories sit on the ground and start at the price.

　　"The usual price of meltblown cloth is about 20,000 yuan/ton, and now our price is 100,000 yuan/ton. Because of our price reduction, local small cloth factories dare not raise prices, but in some provinces and regions lacking leading enterprises, small cloth factories raise prices for each other, and the prices are all above 200,000 yuan/ton. Many small mask factories want to use our materials and ask the local government to coordinate. I receive two or three hundred calls a day. " Huang Wensheng, general manager of Shandong Junfu, said.

　　A person in charge of a mask factory in Xiantao, Hubei Province said that at present, the local price of meltblown cloth in Xiantao is about 200,000 yuan/ton, while the price before the epidemic was about 22,000 yuan/ton; According to the manufacturer of meltblown cloth in Nantong, Jiangsu, in order to make the mask production line run normally, some mask factories offered high prices to buy meltblown cloth.

　　Many small cloth factories that are not included in the supply list of mask raw materials have raised prices seriously. Lin Youqiang, the person in charge of a mask manufacturer in Shandong, said that meltblown cloth enterprises with stable customers at ordinary times should not raise prices arbitrarily to maintain customer relations; A group of enterprises with no stable partners and poor management in the past maliciously raised their prices, hoping to make a quick sum of money.

　　According to industry insiders, some meltblown cloth suppliers are quite "strong" in the market, not only issuing less or no invoices for delivery, but also requiring downstream factories to use "hard currency" masks to offset the payment at a discount, and to add cash.

　　At the circulation end of meltblown cloth, there are middlemen who take the opportunity to earn the difference.

　　A small and medium-sized enterprise owner who switched to production of masks told reporters that in some WeChat groups where mask raw material resources are connected, middlemen arbitrarily charge high prices. "They opened their mouths and offered a high price of 300,000 to 300,000 yuan per ton, taking advantage of our lack of goods to rush production, and often said ‘ If necessary, transfer the money quickly. You don’t want people to get the goods ’ , create ‘ Seconds rise and kill ’ The tension. "

　　The relevant person in charge of the Industrial and Information Bureau of a city in Shandong Province said that many people hoard goods and sell them upside down, and the price is greatly increased. Many meltblown fabrics stay in the warehouse and circulation, waiting for the price increase, and supply and demand cannot match well.

　　A handsome profit

　　The reporter learned that the amazing profit of masks is an important reason why mask factories are willing to buy meltblown fabrics at high prices.

　　An insider calculated a cost account for the reporter: 1 ton of meltblown cloth can make 1 million medical surgical masks. If the meltblown fabric sells for 200,000/ton, the fabric price only accounts for 0.2 yuan in the cost of a mask. At present, the price of masks allocated by the government from Shandong is about 1.5 yuan each, and 0.2 yuan is subsidized; Each of Beijing is about 4 yuan, and each of Shanghai and Hubei is about 3 yuan. Although the cost of logistics, labor and melt-blown polypropylene has doubled recently, it also accounts for a small proportion in the price of masks.

　　On the other hand, the demand for masks has increased greatly, and some enterprises anxious to return to work do not care about the price of raw materials, which has pushed up the price of masks. "Recently, there has been a wave of enterprises returning to work all over the country. The state requires enterprises to distribute protective equipment such as masks for their employees. If each employee of each enterprise uses a mask a day, this is an astronomical figure." Lin Youqiang said.

　　According to the data of the fourth national economic census, the total employment population of domestic legal entities and self-employed households is as high as 533 million, and at least 533 million masks are needed every day based on one mask per person per day. Compared with the current daily production capacity, the mask gap is huge, and the profit margin can be imagined.

　　Awkward "thin waist"

　　The production capacity of enterprises related to the mask industry chain is "gourd-shaped", which is one of the root causes of the shortage of meltblown cloth.

　　Yu Xiaoning, chairman of Shandong Daoen Group, said that the downstream mask factory is growing rapidly at present, and the national production capacity has increased by about 2 times in the last month, which is the "bottom of the gourd"; The production capacity of meltblown fabrics in the middle reaches grows slowly, and the number of manufacturers is small due to the small structural influence of the previous market, which is "the waist of gourd"; The leading enterprises producing melt-blown polypropylene in the upstream have expanded their production rapidly, which can basically meet the downstream demand for melt-blown materials. This is the "upper end of the gourd". Take Dawn Group as an example, the company has received orders for the next two months, and the daily production capacity of melt-blown materials has expanded from about 85 tons to about 200 tons now.

　　This embarrassing "thin waist" has become a "bottleneck" that restricts downstream production expansion.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that behind the bottleneck of melt-blown cloth production capacity is the difficulty and long time of production line expansion.

　　Yu Xiaoning and other people in the industry said that compared with the mask production line, the investment is small, the technical content is not high, the reproduction is fast, and the operation is easy. The production technology of meltblown cloth is high, and the quality of meltblown cloth directly determines the quality of masks. The production line investment of the cloth factory is tens of millions of yuan, and the equipment manufacturing and installation are much more complicated than the mask production device, and the requirements for the factory building are higher, and special training is needed for the staff.

　　At present, there are not many domestic manufacturers providing complete sets of production equipment and key components of meltblown fabrics, and the production of core components such as spinneret and spinneret die is still far from foreign manufacturers, and the delivery cycle and assembly time of imported equipment are relatively long. "The import delivery cycle of dies and spinnerets takes four to six months. Domestic molds can be delivered in two months, but this kind of mold with short delivery time can’t make high-end medical products. " Huang Wensheng said.

　　The procurement cycle of parts for several months limits the delivery capacity of meltblown fabric equipment, making it difficult to put it on the market overnight like a mask machine. It is understood that some enterprises that sell complete sets of melt-blown cloth production equipment are using inventory to quickly assemble new production lines. But the design, processing and debugging of a complete production line will take about two or three months.

　　A supplier of meltblown cloth production equipment in Zhejiang said that the production line of meltblown cloth was really introduced, and perhaps the peak demand brought by the epidemic had already passed. This kind of worry has prevented many investors from entering this field. The market scale of meltblown cloth is not large. Once the epidemic situation is over, the competitive pressure of meltblown cloth manufacturers will be very great.

　　Capacity to be tapped

　　Insiders pointed out that it is urgent to strengthen the overall planning of industrial chain, tap the potential of related enterprises and leading enterprises, and maximize the production capacity of meltblown fabrics.

　　Experts believe that in order to solve the problem that the supply of raw materials such as meltblown cloth in the mask industry chain is in short supply, the following measures can be taken to ensure the supply and price stability:

　　First, promote similar technology enterprises to switch production and supply mask materials.

　　According to the statistics of China Industrial Textile Industry Association, the production technology of China nonwovens industry is mainly spunbonded. In 2018, the output of spunbonded nonwovens was 2,971,200 tons, accounting for 50% of the total nonwoven production, which was mainly used in sanitary materials and other fields; However, the proportion of meltblown process is only 0.9%, and the output of meltblown nonwovens is 53,500 tons/year. These meltblown fabrics are not only used for masks, but also for environmental protection materials, clothing materials, battery diaphragm materials, wiping materials and so on.

　　Huang Wensheng said that enterprises that produce automotive sound insulation cotton, meltblown thermal insulation cotton, meltblown oil-absorbing cotton and other materials can switch to special filter materials for mask protection, and the annual production capacity of these enterprises is about 150,000 tons. It is understood that BYD, Changan Automobile, BAIC, SAIC and other automobile manufacturers have been taking advantage of the industrial chain to mobilize the supporting manufacturers of sound-absorbing cotton to transform the original production line of meltblown cloth and transform the production of special filter materials for masks.

　　Second, take the central enterprises as the leader and speed up the production line related to meltblown cloth.

　　The relevant person in charge of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission said that the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission attaches great importance to the changes in the supply chain and industrial chain of domestic epidemic prevention materials and guides central enterprises to take the initiative to make up for shortcomings.

　　Because polypropylene, the raw material of melt-blown cloth, is taken from petroleum, petrochemical enterprises have advantages in producing melt-blown cloth. China Petrochemical Company has invested about 200 million yuan to build 10 melt-blown cloth production lines in Yanshan Petrochemical Company in Beijing and Yizheng Chemical Fiber Company in Jiangsu Province. After all the production, the daily output can reach 12 tons of N95 mask melt-blown cloth or 18 tons of medical flat mask melt-blown cloth, which can be processed into 18 million medical flat masks.

　　Third, strengthen government regulation and control to ensure the balance of upstream and downstream supply.

　　Lei Limin, vice president of China Textile Business Association, said that at present, the production situation of mask industry chain enterprises is complicated and information communication is not smooth, so it is difficult to know the real-time situation of the return to work rate and the newly put into production line. The industry believes that the mask industry chain is characterized by "marketization of upstream raw materials and administration of downstream masks", and the contradiction between market mechanism and plan management is constantly emerging. It is recommended to take administrative measures to properly intervene and straighten out the connection.

　　Yu Xiaoning said that in the face of the epidemic, the overall decision-making from the central government to the local government has solved many problems for the development of the industry. The next step is to strengthen the overall planning of the industrial chain, form an organic combination of government, industry associations and enterprises, and use big data to make comprehensive statistics on the number, distribution, production capacity and production capacity under construction of mask factories, cloth factories and raw material factories. In the extraordinary period, entrepreneurs should organize all kinds of production work well, at the same time, they should improve their consciousness from the overall height and cooperate with the government’s dispatch, which not only completes the epidemic prevention task, but also makes the market develop more orderly.

The price of Zotye T900 is about 100,000 yuan:

1. This car is named "Kuang Shi", which sounds very atmospheric. At first glance, the design looks like a Land Rover, but in fact, if you look closely, you will find that it is more like the previous Zotye T900, with a strong Zotye style. There is no trace of imitation on the front face, the rough air intake grille looks quite domineering, and the design of the side SU is also like the Land Rover Range Rover, which is tough.

2. Although there is not much exposure in the interior, according to Zotye’s consistent style, the interior design layout and atmosphere should be good. Zotye has never let us down in design.

3. In terms of power, Jueshi SU is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine, matched with 8AT gearbox, with a maximum power of 218 HP and a four-wheel drive system. Although Zotye has a bad reputation, with the blessing of 8AT, driving comfort and power adjustment should not be bad.

4. As a medium and large SUV, this car has a high positioning, but it may have a high cost performance after listing, and may even be bought for less than 100,000 yuan. However, it is not easy for Zotye to gain a foothold in the market.

Author: Xiangya Medical College of Central South University-Wang Xuemei

The development process of red blood cell system in bone marrow is pluripotent stem cells → pluripotent stem cells → primitive red blood cells → early erythrocytes → middle erythrocytes → late erythrocytes → reticulocytes → mature erythrocytes. Today we are going to talk about reticulocytes.

　

reticulocyte

Reticulocyte is a transitional cell from enucleated late erythrocytes to mature erythrocytes. It is named reticulocyte because of the remaining basophilic substances such as ribosomes and ribonucleic acid in its cytoplasm. After living staining with Brilliant Tar Blue or Neomethylene Blue, blue or blue-green reticular structure can be seen in its cytoplasm. This kind of cell belongs to immature red blood cells, which remain in the bone marrow for a certain period of time before being released into the blood stream. Therefore, the number of reticulocytes in bone marrow is not only higher than that in peripheral blood, but also naive, which is a sensitive index to judge the inhibition and recovery of hematopoietic function in bone marrow.

Clinical significance of reticulocyte parameters

Differential diagnosis of anemia

The combination of absolute reticulocyte count (RET﹟) and immature reticulocyte index (IFR) is helpful to judge the type of anemia.

Table 1. Differential diagnosis of anemia by RET combined with IRF [1-3]

Notes:

(1) The results only explain the experimental research samples;

(2) Immature reticulocyte index (IFR) is defined as the ratio of immature or immature reticulocytes to total reticulocytes. The closer to maturity, the lower the fluorescence intensity of reticulocytes, and the larger the volume of immature reticulocytes. According to their light scattering characteristics, they are mainly high and medium fluorescence reticulocytes with high fluorescence intensity and high residual RNA content.

Monitoring of radiotherapy and chemotherapy

The dynamic observation of reticulocyte can guide the clinical adjustment of treatment plan in time and avoid serious bone marrow suppression. In the process of cancer chemotherapy, 1RF is a very sensitive index to reflect bone marrow suppression and recovery. In the stage of complete bone marrow suppression, IRF can be reduced to zero. After receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy, if bone marrow suppression occurs, the IFR will first decrease and then the reticulocyte value will decrease. If the bone marrow begins to recover after stopping radiotherapy and chemotherapy, IFR will also increase first, and then the reticulocyte value will increase. Immature reticulocyte (IRF) is an important sensitive index to evaluate the curative effect of anemia drugs, especially in chronic renal failure or acquired immunodeficiency disease.

Monitoring of bone marrow transplantation

The increase of peripheral blood granulocyte count is the basis for early monitoring after transplantation, but the absolute value of granulocyte may be affected by simultaneous infection and transplant rejection. In addition, preventive platelet transfusion will also affect the monitoring of platelet manufacturing ability in the early stage of transplantation. Therefore, both are not ideal. Reticulocyte parameter is an independent parameter to detect hematopoietic recovery of bone marrow, which is usually not related to transplantation complications.

Ret-he (reticulocyte hemoglobin)

It is used to diagnose iron metabolism disorder anemia and detect the state of iron storage in the body. This parameter is of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of anemia caused by functional iron deficiency, and can monitor the effect of EPO and iron treatment. Ret-He is decreased in functional iron deficiency caused by stored iron loss, which is a typical iron deficiency anemia and can be treated with iron agent (orally). When functional iron deficiency is accompanied by RET-He decline in iron-rich state, iron injection and EPO should be used for treatment.

references

Jia Lianling, Ou Hongling, Huan Wang, Zhao Haijiao, Li Meng, Wang Xinru. Diagnostic value of new reticulocyte parameters for anemia [J].

Xu Guizhu, Ronghua Qiu. Clinical significance of reticulocyte and red blood cell parameters in differential diagnosis of thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women [J].

Chen Min, Xiaowei Liu. Clinical value of reticulocyte parameters in diagnosis of anemia [J].

This article was originally written by the Voice of Inspection, please indicate the source.

Editor: Green is about to drip

Review: Chenchen

After announcing the layoffs, Tesla continued to "take the medicine", this time with FSD(Full-Self Driving).

　

According to overseas reports, Tesla officially adjusted the buyout price of FSD from $12,000 to $8,000, and the price reduction was converted into about RMB 27,400.In addition to lowering the buyout price of the package, Tesla simultaneously lowered the monthly subscription price of FSD in North 700 yuan (Canada and the United States), from the past $199 to $99, which is equivalent to saving RMB every month.

　

Tesla’s move is obviously an extension of Musk’s dissatisfaction with the FSD option rate. Just as China automakers are keen on price wars, Tesla also realizes that "price" is also the core factor that affects users’ acceptance of FSD in overseas markets. On the other hand, Musk mentioned that FSD "may enter the China market soon" when replying to the user’s message-the impact of this move can not be underestimated for improving the coverage of FSD.

　

At present, Tesla has sold more than 5.5 million vehicles in history, and nearly 2 million vehicles have been sold in North America alone. However, the coverage of FSD is not ideal. The data in January 2023 showed that the number of subscribers in North America was 400,000, and the penetration rate was close to 25%.

　

The problem is that a considerable part of this is the first "hardcore powder" that supports Tesla, probably because the pricing is too high. The data shows that the probability of new car buyers choosing FSD will be reduced to 2% in 2023. Obviously, this is the reason why Musk is worried.

　

Therefore, in order to expand the coverage of FSD, it is imperative to reduce prices and open up new markets. However, it is hard to say whether entering the China market can expand the mass base of FSD. On the other hand, the strategy of attracting consumers to buy Tesla trams through intelligent driving may not work in the China market.

　

　

From today’s point of view, Tesla’s main sales models, such as Model 3/Y/X/S, don’t seem to have many advantages. Nowadays, pure electric vehicles have been running everywhere, and most of the places where Tesla trams were leading in the past are no longer leading. If it weren’t for the accumulated user reputation and brand awareness, Tesla’s global sales may be even less optimistic.

　

In other words, Tesla’s achievements in the past are largely due to "extraordinary technology", and among many new technologies, FSD is undoubtedly the most subversive. To put it simply, the leading edge of FSD is embodied in "underlying technology" and "comprehensive experience".

　

"The underlying technology" means that Tesla FSD can almost be regarded as the technical vane of global intelligent driving. Now most of the intelligent driving technologies we know are started by FSD.

　

For example, the combination of "BEV+Transformer+OCC", which is considered as the core of the new generation of intelligent driving technology, was almost all started by Tesla, and the technical base of BEV+Transformer was unveiled at Tesla AI Day in 2021, which solved the problem of "how to realize environmental awareness without relying on high-precision maps" in the industry. At present, almost all car companies’ intelligent driving technology is based on this scheme, and as the originator and staunch supporter of the "pure visual intelligent driving" technical scheme, Tesla’s related research also points out the direction for the industry.

　

In 2023, Tesla launched the V12 Beta version of FSD, which brought the long-rumored "end-to-end" technology. According to Musk, FSD with "end-to-end" technology uses AI big model to deal with all intermediate links in the process of intelligent driving from perception to execution, which greatly improves the reliability of the system and saves "millions of lines of code", making the industry a big surprise.

　

Then, the intelligent driving head enterprises including Tucki announced to follow up the "end-to-end" technical scheme, and institutions including Guangzhou Automobile Research Institute also began to explore the true value of end-to-end technology for intelligent driving ability, which quite stirred up a thousand waves.

　

On the level of "comprehensive experience", FSD can provide full-scene pilot-assisted driving and high-order automatic parking experience just like the domestic intelligent driving scheme in the case of "complete body". Musk also used FSD live on "X" (Twitter), even before looking for Zuckerberg’s offline shelf, he drove FSD in the past, and took over at 0 in the whole process.

　

It can be seen that FSD is the best intelligent driving system in theory from both technical and experience levels, and it is also the benchmark of all intelligent driving systems from a global perspective.In that era of "I have no one", I believe that the technological advantages including FSD are the main reason why consumers are willing to be "mice" to try Tesla.

　

Therefore, the price reduction this time and the intention to enter the China market all reflect Tesla’s refocusing on FSD, that is, the core technology. In contrast, the price adjustment is irrelevant. Only in the China market, we have our own "far ahead" intelligent driving technology, and the true level of Tesla FSD is unknown. Moreover, the big price reduction of Tesla FSD in China market has not been synchronized, and the price of 60,000 yuan is believed to be difficult to attract new users.

　

　

In terms of absolute technical height, Tesla FSD can still keep ahead with Dojo supercomputing system and "end-to-end" technology, but it needs to be emphasized that smart driving is a technology that needs to be strongly combined with local actual scenes, that is to say, even if FSD performs well in the United States, it is impossible to translate it to China market.

　

Take Huawei ADS 2.0, the first echelon in China, and XNGP in Tucki for example, they have been able to achieve pilot-assisted driving in mixed scenes covering the whole country, and have been optimized in characteristic scenes. For example, both of the above are optimized for unexpected situations such as pedestrian crossing and ghost probes. At the same time, Huawei ADS 2.0 also emphasizes the AEB active safety capability in different speed domains, and the detection range has also expanded from the front to four directions, which can better prevent pedestrians or non-motor vehicles that don’t know where to come from.

　

Therefore, if Tesla’s FSD really wants to enter China, it must also consider directional optimization for the road conditions in the middle, otherwise it will come to a crossroads full of two-wheeled electric vehicles, and even the smart FSD may be down.From another point of view, even if the intelligent driving ability of local enterprises in China is not the best in the underlying technology, they can still optimize their functions by understanding the local road conditions, and finally even surpass FSD in actual experience.

　

There are also various factors that pose a competitive threat to FSD. Unlike consumers in overseas markets, there are almost only Tesla FSD to choose from, and there are many options for products that experience close to Tesla FSD in China market. In this way, even if Tesla FSD can really enter the China market as Musk said, it may not attract potential users to choose Tesla electric vehicles, not to mention that the optional price of the FSD is still high.

　

Tesla only comes standard with the basic version of AP(AutoPoilot) for its electric vehicles, and only has basic functions such as LCC, AEB and BSD. If you want to upgrade to an enhanced version of AP(EAP) that supports high-speed NOA, ALA and APA functions, you need to spend 32,000 yuan to choose. Although FSD is not yet open in China, consumers can "pre-order", of course, the cost is not low, and it needs 64,000 yuan.

　

Assuming that the price of FSD will be adjusted in line with that of North China after the formal opening of the market, and it will be reduced by one third, then the optional price of FSD will still need 42,000 yuan, which is still on the high side compared with the optional price of high-end intelligent driving in China market. For example, the optional price of Huawei ADS 2.0 on individual models is 15,000 yuan, and the optional price of BYD Tengshi N7 is also 15,000 yuan. At the same time, when buying a new car, there are often optional discounts, ranging from 5,000 yuan to more direct relief.

　

Since the experience can’t be absolutely leading, what reason do consumers have to spend a lot of money to choose Tesla FSD?

　

In addition, the domestic market has also seen a trend of popularization of smart driving and continuous cost reduction. A few days ago, DJI Chenghang Platform launched a solution that claimed that it could realize full-scene intelligent driving at a cost of 7,000 yuan. On April 22nd, Baidu Apollo team also released a low-cost intelligent driving solution ANP3 Pro. Although the cost is not as low as that of DJI Chenghang, it is still attractive for most car companies to realize full-scene intelligent driving at a cost of 10,000 yuan.

　

All indications are that the popularity of smart driving in the China market is very fast, and the mystery has long faded. The involution of the China market is far beyond Tesla’s imagination. If FSD enters the China market without change, I believe it will be difficult to make too much splash.

　

　

On the eve of the Beijing Auto Show, Tesla announced that it would continue to adjust the price in the China market. The starting price of the new version of Model 3 Huan dropped to 231,900 yuan, and the price of Model Y once again entered less than 250,000 yuan. However, the effect brought by the price reduction this time is not as ideal as expected. Sun Shaojun 09, a car blogger who knows more about the sales channels, said that "the effect is relatively average". If the price reduction can’t stimulate the growth of orders, Tesla will really fall into crisis.

　

The respect for the "first principle" runs through Musk’s entire career. Now, analyzing the problems that Tesla has in the products, we might as well return to the "first principle".

　

Why did Tesla sweep the world and become the representative of pure electric vehicles? I think it is mainly in two aspects.

　

First of all, Tesla showed the world that pure electric vehicles are "far ahead" in the basic experience.For example, "horsepower equality" and some intelligent functions can not be provided by fuel vehicles in the past, or they need to be experienced at a very high price. Therefore, for electric vehicles, the higher the motor power, the better, and the higher and stronger the voltage platform. Only when the basic experience can make consumers feel "far ahead" will they be willing to buy electric vehicles.

　

Unfortunately, Model 3 was a product eight years ago, and Model Y has been sold for five years. Its performance indicators have become unremarkable in the global market. Except BMS system is still leading, both battery life performance and charging performance are surpassed by competitors.

　

Secondly, the leading experience brought by FSD has obviously changed consumers’ imagination of "cars".They never imagined that the car could really control its own speed, change lanes independently, avoid pedestrians and avoid risks, and finally send people to their destination … The leading technology is Tesla’s core competitiveness from beginning to end.

　

A thousand words can be summed up in one sentence. When Tesla is no longer determined to forge ahead and pursue the ultimate technological advantage, then the decline in sales will become inevitable. As the backbone of Tesla and even the "soul figure", the biggest problem may still lie in Musk:If it can put enough energy back into Tesla and technical research, make up its mind to reform the internal unreasonable system and truly return to the thinking of "first principle", I believe Tesla’s recovery will come very quickly.

For example, the adjustment of FSD price this time comes from Musk’s insight and direct inspiration on business issues, but no one knows whether the drama of "the emperor is wise" will still appear and whether it will remain correct and effective all the time.

Beijing international automotive exhibition (Beijing Auto Show) will be held grandly from April 25th to May 4th. The theme of this auto show is "New era, new car", which is the weather vane of "cars moving from electrification to intelligence".

By then, head brands including BYD, Xiaomi, AITO Wenjie, Tucki, Weilai, Ideality, Extreme Krypton, Extreme Yue and Chang ‘an Deep Blue will all appear. In addition to the "big competition" of new models, the promotion of autonomous driving technology, the evolution of intelligent cockpit and the combination of AI model and automobile will all be important highlights. The account Tramway, which is owned by Lei Technology and is "concerned about electric vehicles and more intelligent", will send a report group to Beijing for first-line professional reports, so please pay attention.

The the State Council executive meeting held recently pointed out that the import tariffs on daily consumer goods should be lowered on a large scale to better meet the diversified consumption needs of the masses. At the routine briefing on the State Council policy held by the State Council Information Office on June 1st, Vice Minister of Finance Zhu Guangyao introduced the relevant situation.

On May 31st, the State Council Customs Tariff Commission issued an announcement to reduce the import tariffs on consumer goods, which will take effect on July 1st this year.

Why should the import tariffs on consumer goods be lowered on a large scale this time? In this regard, Zhu Guangyao introduced that consumer goods for daily use are closely related to people’s needs for a better life. At present, the average MFN import tariff rate of consumer goods in China is 14.5%, which is 9.8% higher than the general tariff level in China. In 2017, China’s general trade import of consumer goods was US$ 65.7 billion. Since 2015, with the approval of the State Council, China has reduced the import tariffs on daily consumer goods for four times in order to attract overseas consumption back and meet the needs of residents’ consumption upgrading, mainly considering the high-quality products that are concentrated in consumption abroad and cannot be supplied at home for a while, including woolen clothes, some shoes and boots, sunglasses, thermos cups, diapers, some special foods and health care products.

It is understood that this tax reduction, in addition to appropriately reducing some products that have been significantly reduced in the previous period, plans to greatly expand the scope and intensity of tax reduction for other consumer goods, including products that are relatively few in consumption abroad but have distinctive advantages abroad, and products with relatively high import tax rates, involving 1,449 tax items, which is seven times the total of the previous four tax reductions. The average tax rate decreased from 15.7% to 6.9%, with an average decrease of 55.9%.

"Reducing import tariffs on consumer goods is conducive to expanding the import of products with distinctive advantages, meeting the needs of people’s better life, and better embodying the people-centered development concept; It is conducive to creating a fair competitive market environment and deepening the structural reform of the supply side of consumer goods; It is conducive to further opening up and is a major measure and practical action for us to actively open up the market. " Zhu Guangyao said.

Regarding the reduction of import tariffs this time, everyone is very concerned about whether the prices of consumer goods with concentrated demand from the people can continue to decline. In this regard, Zhu Guangyao explained that lowering tariffs did reduce the import cost to a certain extent, which generally helped to lower the price in the domestic market.

"At the same time, we should also look at it objectively. Tariffs are levied according to the import price of goods rather than the domestic market price. Reducing taxes on mass consumer goods priced on the basis of cost can promote market price reduction. However, for high-end consumer goods, the market sales price is usually several times the import price. " Zhu Guangyao said.

"After reducing tariffs, whether the price of consumer goods is reduced and how much it is reduced does have market behavior. We hope to enrich domestic consumption choices by reducing import tariffs and expanding imports of consumer goods. We hope that tax reduction can promote the decline of consumer goods prices, so that policy dividends can be truly transmitted to consumers and our consumers can get more benefits. " Zhu Guangyao said. (Reporter Yang Liang)

　　Source: China Communication Research Institute, China Internet Information Center, Analysys Consulting.

　　Cartography: Cai Huawei

　　In the Internet age, young people spend more and more time online and are often accused of "doing nothing". According to statistics, among the digital users in China in 2019, users aged 35 and below accounted for 68.15%. What are they busy with online? Some people became online doctors and food bloggers and moved their offices online. Some people use their spare time to develop sideline businesses such as design and writing, so as to cultivate interest and increase income. Some people work as cyber security volunteers and public review staff in their spare time, doing public welfare online and promoting positive energy … … They are all doing business online.

　　This edition will launch "Big Data Observation Network Gathering Youth Power" from now on, focusing on the vigorous vitality and surging kinetic energy released by contemporary young people on the Internet.

　　— — Editor

　　"Goodbye, alma mater, and go home to work." After graduation, Yu Pei’s employment choices are slightly different from those of his classmates. After graduating from a 211 college, she joined a self-media company, responsible for writing manuscripts and planning content.

　　In recent years, the digital economy has flourished, giving birth to many online jobs. More flexible working hours and fresh and interesting work content have attracted more and more young people to online jobs, and new flexible employment has developed rapidly. According to the White Paper on the Development and Employment of Digital Economy in China in 2019, there were 191 million jobs in China’s digital economy in 2018, accounting for 24.6% of the total employment in that year.

　　Food blogger and network marketing specialist … … Digitalization of the tertiary industry has spawned a large number of online jobs.

　　"I am an online fitness instructor." After bidding farewell to the gym where he took office, Li Wencan moved his work online. Li Wencan recorded fitness teaching videos for various online platforms, wrote fitness popular science articles for knowledge sharing websites, and served as a class teacher on fitness APP to answer fitness questions for students.

　　"I still take orders on the APP and provide on-site fitness guidance services for two or three hours a week." Li Wencan is still satisfied with the current income situation. "The monthly income is about 15,000 yuan, which is only a lot more than the previous income in the gym, but there is much more freedom and no pressure on course sales."

　　"I am an online pediatrician." From 8: 00 am to 11: 00 pm, Guo Qing is responsible for the WeChat group, and the notifications are one after another. In the eyes of many novice parents, the baby can’t eat well, sleep well and have a fever. It’s right to find Guo Qingzhun.

　　"Bao Baba Bao Ma will send me the baby’s symptoms and photos, and I will make a preliminary diagnosis accordingly, telling parents whether to continue observation or go to the hospital for further examination." Guo Qingxiao said that he is a family doctor in more than 300 families and has contributed a little to alleviating the difficulty of pediatric registration. "In fact, babies are sick, and many situations are minor problems. They can recover after a few days’ rest." Guo Qing said.

　　"I am a food blogger." After accumulating a certain popularity on a food platform, Vince resigned from his original job and became a full-time food blogger. "My daily job is to record pastry making videos and write cooking strategies." Wensisi’s food blogger is very popular. Not long ago, he just sold his own baking tutorial on a platform.

　　Private travel itinerary customizer, online media writer and online marketing specialist & HELIP; … Exploring these online jobs in detail almost all stems from the transformation of digital service industry. "Because the tertiary industry has the characteristics of high transaction costs, low proportion of fixed assets and low technology intensity, it is easier to carry out digital transformation, thus creating a large number of online jobs." Yu Xiaohui, vice president of China Institute of Information and Communication, said that the digital economy’s ability to absorb employment is mainly reflected in the tertiary industry. In 2018, there were about 134.26 million digital transformation jobs in the tertiary industry, accounting for 37.2% of the total employment in the tertiary industry. The proportion increased by about 4 percentage points.

　　Zhou Guangsu, an associate professor at the School of Labor and Personnel of Renmin University of China, said that the digital transformation of the tertiary industry has spawned new models such as platform economy and sharing economy, among which the platform economy is the most eye-catching and has become a new engine to promote entrepreneurship and employment in recent years.

　　Platform self-employment and online part-time employment … … The digital economy is reconstructing the employment model.

　　In addition to actively participating in online jobs, many young people choose to work part-time online to earn pocket money. According to Zhaopin’s recruitment survey data, in the first half of 2019, 8.2% of professionals had part-time income.

　　The research report shows that with the development of the platform economy, work is becoming more and more unrestricted by space and time. Having a main business to make a living and taking into account an interest, the main and sideline business at the same time has become a way that many young people yearn for.

　　"We found in the survey that through the Internet, whether it is programming, planning, agency operation, makeup, etc., as long as you have expertise in technology and talent, you can develop into a second career." The person in charge of a recruitment website said.

　　"The digital economy is reconstructing our employment model." Yu Xiaohui said that network information technology and internet platforms provide individuals with resources such as market, R&D and production, and individuals can engage in economic activities without entering traditional enterprises. Accordingly, employment forms have become flexible and diverse, and new flexible employment modes such as self-employment, freelance employment and part-time employment have sprung up rapidly.

　　Yu Xiaohui said that the digital economy has promoted four major changes in China’s flexible employment: First, the scale has exploded and the transition from marginal supplement to important composition has been realized. "Nowadays, with the development of new modes and formats such as online shopping and sharing economy, the number of flexible employees has increased rapidly and has gradually become an important employment force." Second, the scope has expanded rapidly to realize the transformation from a few fields to diversified fields of employment. Flexible employment is not only distributed in the field of business circulation, but also widely distributed in diversified fields such as logistics and live broadcast. Third, the quality has been continuously improved, and the transformation from low-level employment to high-level employment has been realized. More people with high academic qualifications and high human capital participate in flexible employment, especially in the fields of knowledge sharing, and the education level of flexible employees has been greatly improved. Fourth, the competitiveness has greatly jumped, and the transformation from passive choice to active participation has been realized. Nowadays, relying on the empowerment of technology and platform, flexible employees can compete in more fields, and can better meet the increasingly personalized needs in specialized fields. Flexible employment has become the active choice of employees.

　　Identification of labor relations and reasonable working hours … … Protection of labor rights and interests has become a new topic.

　　Looking ahead, Zhou Guangsu said that with the acceleration of the digitalization of the secondary industry, the number of online jobs in the secondary industry will increase greatly in the future, such as remote maintenance of equipment and online drawing. With the increasing number of online jobs and the rapid growth of flexible employment groups, Yang Weiguo, dean of the School of Labor and Human Resources of China Renmin University, pointed out that how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of these workers, including reasonable wages and working hours, is becoming a new topic.

　　"The new flexible employment model covers ‘ Manual field economy in the digital age ’ That is, it has returned to the state of individual production, family production and local production. " Yang Weiguo said that many factors such as market environment, personal choice and technological convenience may continue to push this trend forward, so we need to study how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of these workers.

　　Li Wencan is full of confusion about his relationship with the platform. "What we signed with the platform company is not a labor contract, but a cooperation agreement. The platform company is not responsible for my five insurances and one gold."

　　At present, the most controversial issue about online flexible employment is the identification of labor relations. Internet platform enterprises and labor service providers have both signed labor relations and formed non-standard labor relations through outsourcing and labor dispatch, but most of them have signed cooperation and contracting agreements to establish civil cooperation relations. "This makes it difficult for the judiciary to judge and identify. In the event of an accident, it is difficult to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers." Yang Weiguo said.

　　Experts suggest that in the face of increasingly complex and changeable employment patterns and ways, it is necessary to introduce new laws and regulations to make a clearer definition of new labor relations. "Only in this way can we better protect the rights and interests of workers and let social security play a better role." Zhou Guangsu said.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that from 28th to 30th, affected by a new cold air, there will be strong winds and cool weather in most areas from northwest to southeast. Autumn and winter are the seasons with high incidence of respiratory diseases. How to prevent them scientifically?

　　Xiamen, Fujian: The number of outpatients in respiratory department has increased significantly.

　　In the past two days, the reporter found in the respiratory clinics of several hospitals in Xiamen, Fujian that many patients were waiting in line for treatment.

　　According to doctors, the number of patients with respiratory diseases has increased by about 30% in the past two weeks, and many of them even come from married with children to see a doctor.

　　Lian Qingrong, Deputy Director of Pediatrics, Xiamen Hongai Hospital:Patients mainly focus on some diseases of respiratory system, and the most common one is actually acute upper respiratory infection.　

　　Beijing: Influenza-like cases increased by 16.69% after the cold wave.

　　Let’s look at the colder north. The results of influenza surveillance by Beijing CDC show that from 15th to 21st of this month, there were 11,689 people receiving influenza-like cases in hospitals above the second level in Beijing, an increase of 16.69% compared with the same period last year. Why has it changed so much? Take a look at the weather before this week.

　　According to the data of China Weather Network, with the arrival of the two cold waves on November 7 and 22, the temperature fluctuation in this month is much larger than that in the same period of last year. Especially in this cold wave that started on the 7th, the temperature difference in one week is nearly 11℃. It seems that everyone should prevent colds before a new round of cooling.

　　Correct distinction: the general symptoms of influenza are obvious, such as high fever and pain.

　　Everyone has respiratory symptoms. How can you tell the common cold from the flu? Experts tell us that the most obvious difference is that the most uncomfortable part of patients with common cold is usually the upper respiratory tract, and once they get the flu, the whole body symptoms will be more obvious.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:The common cold generally does not have obvious systemic symptoms, that is, runny nose, sneezing, phlegm-blocking symptoms, a lot of runny nose, and then there may be throat discomfort, but the flu will be high fever and body aches are very obvious.

　　After the correct distinction is made, how to effectively prevent and treat it? What misunderstandings need to be avoided?

　　How to find the flu symptoms as soon as possible?

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:Now the flu has begun to show signs of epidemic. You may have contacted some people. For example, in such a unit, someone at home has fever symptoms, and then you are infected. At this time, if his infection symptoms are, for example, high fever, chills, even muscle aches and headaches, this is a typical flu performance, which can be basically clarified.

　　Experts said that at present, it is in the high season of influenza, coupled with the need for epidemic prevention and control. If there are symptoms such as high fever, it is recommended to seek medical advice as soon as possible to judge the condition.

　　You can’t carry the flu hard, especially for key people.

　　Because influenza can easily lead to serious complications, people at high risk of influenza, such as the elderly with basic diseases and children with weak immunity, should pay special attention.

　　Hu Shaoming, Deputy Chief Physician of Jialian Street Community Health Service Center, Xiamen City, Fujian Province:Patients with chronic diseases and low immunity will have some serious complications, such as pneumonia, meningitis, or gastrointestinal diseases, which will cause some serious organ failure.

　　You can’t take medicine blindly to prevent influenza.

　　Some people in life often drink cold granules or take other drugs orally after feeling cold or flu symptoms. Experts say that you can’t take medicine blindly to prevent colds.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:You are a high-risk influenza patient. Under special circumstances, this group of people can use some preventive drugs appropriately. For example, there are some effective drugs for influenza, such as oseltamivir, which can be used selectively, but this group must be controlled and not generalized.

　　To prevent influenza, wearing a mask and frequent ventilation are standard.

　　Experts emphasize that vaccination is still the most effective way to prevent influenza. In addition, you should wear a mask and wash your hands frequently. Whether at home, office, school or nursing home, you should always be ventilated.

　　Attending physician Cai Jinghuang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University:For example, if a patient with a cold sneezes here, all his cold viruses are in this room. We should ventilate in time to reduce the concentration.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:Don’t be overtired, keep warm when the weather changes, don’t gather, and maintain your resistance. You eat well and sleep well, so you are also resistant to the flu virus.

According to Guangzhou CDC

Recent monitoring data show that

For nearly a month,

The level of influenza activity, mainly influenza A, continues to rise.

The momentum is rapid.

Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring.

What are the symptoms of influenza?

How will it spread?

How to prevent and treat it scientifically?

How to tell whether it is the flu or the common cold?

……

One article will take you all to know.

▽

What is the flu?

△ Xu Yi, Director of Internal Medicine Department and Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center

Xu Yi, director of internal medicine department and director of infectious diseases department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, said that influenza, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza virus and belongs to Class C infectious disease. Influenza A (subtype A H1N1 and subtype A H3N2) and influenza B (strain Yamagata and strain Victoria) are the most prevalent seasonal viruses in the population. Influenza A virus is more likely to spread rapidly among people, and many large-scale outbreaks of influenza in history are related to influenza A virus. Recently, the rising level of influenza activity in many places in China is also caused by the subtype of influenza A (H1N1).

In the past three years, we have taken non-drug interventions, such as wearing masks and limiting social distance, which have effectively curbed the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. At the same time, it also reduces the exposure to influenza in the population, resulting in the decline of pre-existing immunity in the population, which has a certain risk of influenza epidemic. In the south, there may be a single annual influenza peak from April to June every year.

In the face of influenza virus, we have two sharp weapons to "defeat the enemy": special antiviral drugs and influenza vaccine. As long as you pay attention to personal precautions and maintain good hygiene habits, the possibility of a persistent influenza pandemic is already small, so you don’t have to be nervous and afraid.

How does the flu spread?

Influenza patients and recessive infections are the main sources of seasonal influenza infection. Influenza is mainly transmitted by air droplets, and it can also be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes. It can also spread in the form of aerosol in a crowded, closed or poorly ventilated room.

What are the main symptoms of influenza?

The onset of influenza is urgent, and most of them are self-limited. Mainly with fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise; The body temperature can reach 39~40℃, which is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as muscle and joint pain, fatigue and loss of appetite. Often sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on. Some patients have mild or no symptoms. Mild flu is often similar to the common cold, but flu fever and systemic symptoms are more obvious.

How to distinguish

H1N1 and the common cold?

The child has flu-related symptoms

What circumstances need to be sent to the doctor in time?

1. Persistent high fever > 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration of pus, blood sputum, or chest pain;

2. Breathing frequency is fast, breathing is difficult, and the lips are cyanotic;

3. Slow response, lethargy, restlessness, etc.;

4. Severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration such as less urine and less tears;

5. pneumonia;

6. When the original underlying disease is obviously aggravated.

It should be emphasized that younger children must see a doctor when they have persistent high fever or ultra-high fever in the first 1-2 days of illness, and the antipyretic drugs and physical cooling effects are not obvious, or when they have convulsions.

How to treat the flu?

Generally, children are advised to stay at home and keep the room ventilated after symptoms appear. Get enough rest, drink plenty of water, and the diet should be easy to digest and nutritious. Minimize contact with others and avoid infection. The focus of treatment is to relieve flu-like symptoms such as fever and cough, and the patient’s condition should be closely observed.

Children under 5 years old or obese are more likely to have serious complications, so antiviral treatment under the guidance of a doctor as soon as possible can alleviate flu symptoms, shorten the course of flu and reduce the mortality rate of severe flu.

Remember: antibiotics and hormones are ineffective against influenza virus. )

The flu is coming

How to prevent it scientifically?

1. Personal protection: During the flu season, try to avoid going to crowded places and contacting people with respiratory symptoms; If the child has respiratory symptoms, he should rest at home, conduct health observation, and enter the park and attend classes without illness; Maintain good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and cough etiquette.

2. Maintain environmental sanitation: keep the residence clean and ventilated, and regularly clean and disinfect key parts such as door handles and handrails.

3. Strengthen the health monitoring of collective units: schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation; Children with flu-like symptoms should rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

4. Vaccination against influenza is the first line of defense against influenza, and children over 6 months old can have protective effect after vaccination according to recommended procedures. The peak time and duration of influenza activity vary from place to place every year. In order to ensure that the recipients can get immune protection before the flu season, it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as the vaccine is available.

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Original title: "Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring! You need to pay attention → "

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