CCTV News:On the afternoon of December 13th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference to introduce the health management of key population.

　　A reporter asked, some elderly people who live alone think that they have less contact with society and there is no need for vaccination. What do you think of this phenomenon? Do elderly people living alone need vaccination?

　　Wang Huaqing, chief expert of immunization program of China CDC, said that living alone does not mean being completely isolated from society. At the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic, because the source of infection was not extensive, the risk of infection was relatively low for most people. However, we know that the virus is very contagious, spreading very fast, and the spreading process is hidden. In addition, COVID-19 has been spreading continuously in some areas. In this case, the risk of infection is increasing for anyone, including the elderly who live alone.

　　Wang Huaqing said, why are the elderly at high risk of serious illness and death? There are two reasons: first, his immunity is declining with his age. Second, because most elderly people have basic diseases, experts have also said that after being infected with COVID-19, it will also lead to the risk of aggravation of basic diseases. In this case, we suggest that the elderly should be vaccinated as soon as possible, including full vaccination and enhanced immunization, which can provide better protection for the elderly and give their families peace of mind.

　　[Global Times correspondent in the United States Ying Chen Global Times reporter Zhao Juekun Ren Zhong] "We will invest in the United States. We will succeed in America. We will win the economic competition in the 21st century in the United States. " After US President Biden finally signed the Chip and Science Act of 2022 into law on August 9, local time, he released this ambitious tweet. While providing huge subsidies to chip manufacturers in the United States, the bill requires these companies to agree not to develop the manufacturing of precision chips in China. It is no wonder that "Nihon Keizai Shimbun" called the promulgation of this bill the warming of the US "science and technology arms race against China". China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin rebuked the so-called "protective measures" in the law on the 10th, showing a strong geopolitical color and "another example of the United States engaging in economic coercion". Although Washington’s China hawks tried to use this bill to strike a "precise blow" to China’s chip industry, few international mainstream media predicted that the United States could win this selfish and arrogant chip war. On the 9th, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Jin Keyu, a professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science, as saying that he was worried: "I imagine a world divided into two parts, half of which uses China’s information systems and infrastructure, and the other half uses American information systems and infrastructure.Obviously, there will be a huge loss of efficiency. "

　　If you want subsidies, you must "exclude China"

　　"More than 30 years ago, the United States owned 40% of the global production of chips. Since then, our economic pillar, the American manufacturing industry, has been hollowed out, and we have made chip manufacturing go overseas. " Biden said in a speech when signing the Chip and Science Act on the 9th, "Now, this law has brought the chip back to the United States."

　　Biden explicitly mentioned China many times in his speech at the bill signing ceremony. He said, "It is not surprising that the Communist Party of China (CPC) actively lobbied American companies to oppose this bill" and said that the United States "must lead the world in chip production". According to a BBC9 report on the 9th, the current supply of chips in the United States has dropped from 40% of the global supply in 1990 to only 10% of the global share.

　　The Nikkei Asian Review said on the 10th that the passage of the "boldest industry legislation in decades" in the United States marked a rare bipartisan cooperation in Washington. The New York Times commented that the Republican Party, which has always opposed the government’s high degree of intervention in business, now supports the Democratic Party bill, in addition to supporting the domestic chip industry in the United States, "to contain the chip industry in China".

　　According to the Wall Street Journal reported on the 10th, the bill is more than 1,000 pages long. The key content of the bill is to allocate 52.7 billion US dollars for domestic manufacturing of chips, including 39 billion US dollars for incentive plans and 11 billion US dollars for R&D and labor development plans. In addition, the government will provide 25% investment tax incentives for chip factories in the United States, with an estimated cost of $24 billion. There are about 200 billion dollars for scientific research.

　　Qatar Al Jazeera reported on the 9th that the bill also includes "important restrictions" demanded by Republicans and China hawks, that is, enterprises applying for federal subsidies must promise not to develop precision chip manufacturing in Chinese mainland. The bill stipulates that subsidized companies are prohibited from significantly increasing production of "advanced process" chips (generally referred to as chips below 28 nanometers) in China for a period of 10 years. Companies that violate the ban may be required to refund all subsidies.

　　On August 9, Micron, a chip maker, announced that it would seek the federal subsidy. Micron said it plans to invest $40 billion to build a new chip manufacturing plant in the United States by 2030. This investment will increase the share of the United States in the global memory chip manufacturing industry from the current 2% to 10%. Chip giant Intel also said it would apply for subsidies to support its plan to build two chip factories in Ohio. The company will also seek subsidies for its chip factory expansion plan in Arizona and its chip packaging factory in New Mexico. TSMC, the world’s largest chip maker, also said it would seek subsidies for building a chip factory in Phoenix.

　　Forcibly change the global pattern of chip industry

　　Li Zheng, an associate researcher at the American Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told the Global Times reporter that the signing of this bill has provided the United States with more chips for international cooperation and negotiation, and the United States may accelerate the construction of the so-called "four-party alliance of chips", with industrial subsidies and market access as chips to win over South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, China, and form the "backyard" of the American chip industry.

　　On the 9th, BBC9 reported that the exclusive policy of the bill against China’s chip industry made many chip companies face the problem of "taking sides" between China and the United States. Because Chinese mainland is the largest chip market in the world, this "taking sides" approach makes TSMC, Samsung, Intel and other enterprises fall into a dilemma. Samsung has a memory chip manufacturing factory in Xi ‘an, SK Haishili has memory chip manufacturing factories in Wuxi and Dalian, Intel and Micron also have chip packaging and testing factories in China, and TSMC is the only company that produces advanced process chips below 28 nm in Chinese mainland (its Nanjing factory produces 16 nm chips). "This is directly targeted in the Chip and Science Act". The BBC reported that in fact, in the past, all American equipment manufacturers have received letters from the US Department of Commerce, informing them not to supply China with equipment for the manufacture of chips of 14 nanometers or less.

　　Security officials in Taiwan Province are forcing Foxconn to abandon its $800 million investment in Chinese mainland’s chip company Ziguang Group, the Financial Times reported on the 10th. Foxconn announced the investment last month, but an unnamed security official of the Democratic Progressive Party authorities claimed: "This will definitely not pass."

　　An unnamed industry insider said in an interview with Global Times that in recent years, the United States has taken various measures to create a "small circle" of chips that crowd out Chinese mainland, and the so-called "China guardrail" clause in this chip bill is seriously harmful to China and even the whole industry. In the future, the United States may rely on this dominant behavior of occupying the industrial chain to "make whatever countries produce", which may break the division of labor and pattern of the global chip industry.

　　China’s embassy in the United States said on the 9th that it "resolutely opposes" the bill, denouncing it as "cold war and zero-sum game thinking". The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China International Chamber of Commerce also issued a document expressing their opposition on the 10th, arguing that the provisions in the bill discriminate against some foreign enterprises, highlighting that the United States and Italy intend to use government forces to forcibly change the international division of labor pattern of the chip industry, which has harmed the interests of enterprises from all over the world, including Chinese and American enterprises. "This is the ultimate arms race in the 21st century." The New York Times said on the 10th that "commercial and geopolitical motives" urged China to make chips as quickly as possible, while the United States had "competitive motives" to prevent China from acquiring advanced technology.

　　"It’s just copying China’s plays."

　　The New York Times said that shortly before the US bill came into effect, China’s chip manufacturers had just achieved a major technological breakthrough and announced that they had successfully manufactured 7-nanometer chips, "which surprised the world". NPR said on the 9th that the bill "may not be able to curb China’s influence", and it may force China to "make more independent innovations in chip manufacturing to catch up with the United States and its East Asian counterparts".

　　Republican lawmakers in the United States who disapprove of the bill say that this may just give more benefits to enterprises with high profits. "I know that Democrats want to say that this is a competitive bill, but it is just copying China’s script." Rep. Rogers, a Republican, said that in 2015, the China administration put forward the "Made in China 2025" action plan to invest or subsidize ten high-tech industries that China considered to have long-term strategic value, and now the Biden administration is only trying to "spend more than China". According to the Nikkei Asia Review, China has invested US$ 150 billion in the chip industry, and TSMC said it plans to invest US$ 100 billion to expand its manufacturing capacity within three years. The European Union is also legislating for its own chip manufacturing. Therefore, the Chip and Science Act may not bring about "earth-shaking changes".

　　"None of the well-known American multinational companies, including Intel, grew up with government subsidies." Taiwan Province Zhongshi News Network said on the 10th. According to the estimation of Boston Consulting Group, if Washington adopts the policy of "hard decoupling technology" from China, it may even harm the interests of some American chip companies, or make them lose 18% of the global market share and 37% of the revenue, and reduce 15,000 to 40,000 high-skilled jobs. In other words, the subsidies provided by the Chip and Science Act may not make up for the cost of chip companies moving their factories from China to the United States.

　　Zhang Zhongmou, the founder of TSMC, said that the cost of producing the same chip in the United States is "about 50% higher than that in Taiwan Province". He said that it is "futile, wasteful and very expensive" for the United States to increase the local chip manufacturing industry. Collier, a risk management expert at Redford University in Virginia, told CNN on the 9th that no matter how hard countries try to support their manufacturing bases, it is impossible to decouple from the global supply chain, especially the design, manufacturing and raw materials of chips are distributed in many different countries and regions. "This is a huge network. No matter how hard countries try to localize manufacturing, a certain degree of interdependence is inevitable. "

　　In the interview, I said that I think I am quite stupid.

　　Four days after the release, Li Yang wrote a letter of apology to fans and sincerely said "I’m sorry to disappoint you".

　　Li Yang is writing an apology letter to the fans.

　　On February 2nd, the film "The Blind Road" was released, and Li Yang said that it was quite appropriate to release a film directed by the second director on such a "second" day.

　　Under the impact of several Spring Festival movies, Blind Road, which was released for six days, was not optimistic in several Spring Festival movies released at the same time. The proportion of film arrangement is 0.21%. As Li Yang said in an interview, "I have no expectations for the box office. I only hope that people with thinking can see this film. " Some fans criticized "the lack of sharpness, the warmth, and the dubbing of lines." Some fans questioned, "Where is the style that used to be as sharp as a scalpel? Why has Blind Road become so warm?" "Is Li Yang the last of Jiang Lang" and so on.

　　In the face of criticism from fans, Li Yang wrote a letter of apology to the fans. In the letter of apology, Li Yang wrote: "I admit that I made a lot of changes and compromises to meet the audience for this film. Many places are not satisfactory, and I am not very satisfied with this "Blind Road". I know you expect me to make movies as powerful as The Furnace and Su Yuan. Here I would like to make a deep bow to my fans and say I’m sorry! I let you down! !”

　　During the filming process, Li Yang used his little savings and mortgaged to borrow money to shoot Blind Road. During the filming period, the funds were broken and he was on the verge of bankruptcy. Finally, with the help of his good friends, entrepreneurs Su Tong and Guo Yukuan, and a famous entrepreneur who didn’t want to sign, he completed the production of Blind Road. Everyone saw some unnatural "Uncle Liang" in the film. Because of his low salary, the actor who promised to play suddenly changed his mind and didn’t have time and capital to find another actor. Li Yang went into battle himself and finished a film written, directed and acted by himself.

　　When I saw Li Yang in the interview, I almost called him "Uncle Liang". Li Yang revealed that the "stepfather" in the film is the prop master of the crew, and the "criminal Guo Wei’s wife" is the record of the crew. They have never acted.

　　Director Li Yang is on the set.

　　In an interview, Li Yang expressed his anxiety, "I’m worried that the film hasn’t been finished and the money has run out." Li Yang is very honest. He invested his own money to make a film, so it can’t be due at last. The film was not finished, so the crew couldn’t afford to pay. "

　　Can The Blind Road Measure Li Yang’s Real Strength?

　　Blind Tao tells a story of redemption and self-redemption. Jingjing, a blind girl, has been controlled by a human trafficking gang headed by Guo Wei, begging for money on the street. Jingjing and Zhao Liang encounter, and they repel each other and guard against each other. Through a series of warm stories, they move each other and get together. Jingjing is a blind girl who was sexually assaulted by her stepfather, trafficked and begged in the street. Zhao Liang was a once brilliant rock singer who killed his daughter because of drinking, went to prison, and after he was released from prison, his heart was blocked and he was unwilling to communicate with the outside world. The encounter between them made each other feel the warmth of human feelings and realized the process of self-redemption.

　　Jingjing played by Du Hanmeng in the stills of Blind Road

　　I once talked to my friend about Li Yang, and my friend asked, "Which Li Yang? Crazy English Li Yang? " Li Yang should have become a legend, but now he is still a minority.

　　A director who won the German Silver Bear Award, in China, outsiders may not be familiar with Li Yang. But when it comes to Tsui Hark’s "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward", everyone knows that Li Yang is the screenwriter behind "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward". As far as storytelling ability is concerned, Li Yang can earn tens of millions by writing plays, but he didn’t do it.

　　Wang Baoqiang "Silly Root" changed his destiny because of his performance in Blind Well, and won the Golden Horse Award for Best Newcomer and the Best Actor Award in French and Thai Film Festivals. Huang Lu also became famous at home and abroad for his excellent performance in Blind Mountain. Later, Wang Baoqiang was chosen by Xiaogang Feng and took part in world without thieves. Later, his works such as Soldiers’ Assault and Man on the Road were well known. On the choice of actors, Li Yang has a keen and professional ability to choose actors.

　　With the film market environment getting better and better, whether writing a script or making a commercial film, Li Yang can make a lot of profitable films with his professional strength and ability to tell stories. However, it took him 16 years to make three minority films, Blind Well, Blind Mountain and Blind Road. Every movie is my own investment, and I can’t make any money in China.

　　In the first twenty years of Li Yang’s debut, only two feature films were left, Blind Well in 2003 and Blind Mountain in 2007. Some reports commented on Li Yang: "These two films alone are enough to occupy a place in the history of Chinese films, because from these two films, we can already see that his narrative talent, sense of social responsibility and criticism of reality have few opponents among contemporary directors."

　　Many fans expect Li Yang to make a movie like The Melting Pot. Li Yang told Entertainment Focus: "I can make a shocking movie like The Melting Pot at the right time and with permission." Under the existing conditions, he really tried his best.

　　Stills of the movie "The Blind Road"

　　It is reported that watching the blind road is like watching the report of Southern Weekend, and the source of the film Blind Road is a report about begging children in China that Li Yang read in Southern Weekend more than ten years ago. Li Yang visited more than half of China, interviewed schools for the blind, chatted with them, and even went to the juvenile detention center to get in touch with the minors who committed crimes, so as to understand their growing environment, and thus understand why these left-behind children committed these unbelievable criminal acts such as robbery, theft and beating. Their hearts are simple and contradictory.

　　If you have the ability to make money from movies, why not make commercial films?

　　When I was a child, my family was superior, and Li Yang, who had grown up in the entertainment industry, made a lot of money making commercial films, both professionally and storytelling. However, Li Yang chose to pay attention to the disadvantaged groups at the bottom, starting with Li Yang’s growing experience.

　　Li Yang was born in a drama actor’s family in 1959, and both his father and mother were drama actors. My father used to support the northwest as an expert. During Li Yang’s one-year-old to eight-year-old years, his family conditions were superior and he was influenced by art since childhood. However, during the Cultural Revolution, Li Yang’s father was persecuted to death, when Li Yang was only 13 years old. Compared with before, Li Yang’s life suddenly fell to the bottom. This also gives Li Yang the opportunity to reach out to the bottom and vulnerable groups, and is more sensitive to social injustice.

　　Mapping to the movie "The Blind Road", Zhao Liang, played by Li Yang himself, is a once brilliant down-and-out rock singer. From his glory to the change of life, it seems that his story is alluded to the movie plot. It is also a challenge to write, direct and perform, and to change roles between actors and directors. In order to save the cost, I have to do it myself. Only this sincerity should make the audience who spit out Li Yang’s acting more understanding.

　　"Blind Mountain" was shortlisted for the "One Concern" unit of the 60th Cannes Film Festival. It tells the story of female college students being trafficked to a French-blind mountain area and rescued many years later. Some reports commented on Lust Caution and Blind Mountain: "If Lust Caution shows the helplessness of the entanglement between men’s and women’s lust and sadness and state affairs through bed play, Blind Mountain is a modern evil expression of the rape of the heroine by all members of the family who are ignorant of law and barbaric."
Li Yang said that the topic of trafficking in women is not new, but he is concerned about the people behind the incident. At the beginning of 2006, Li Yang made a special trip to Chengdu Jintang and Zhongjiang, and spent more than two months interviewing the rescued abducted women’s living conditions and writing a script.

　　This year’s Blind Road has softened a lot, not because of Li Yang’s softening, but because of Li Yang’s compromise to show it to everyone. Otherwise, we may not even have a chance to see it. After the film was released, Li Yang apologized to the audience sincerely. Li Yang wrote in the letter of apology: "The film is not perfect because of economy and various reasons, and there are many regrets. But with the support of my friends, I went against the wind in an era when such flashy, illusory, spoof and hypocritical movies filled cinemas. I am worthy of my conscience and this era.

　　Postscript-It should be a legend, but it is still a niche.

　　Li Yang, who is nearly 59 years old, has bright eyes when interviewed. During chatting, he will also turn sideways to the reporter and say that he can’t hear clearly, so that the reporter can speak louder. We have seen Li Yang’s sincerity to reporters and audiences. It should be said that he is sincere to this era.

　　A former actor and professional director, relying on his own savings, mortgaged his house to make movies, and had no expectations for the box office. Just to let more people know about a social phenomenon. In Li Yang’s view, it is not terrible to have social trauma, but the most terrible thing is to cover it up. Let everyone see that our society will be better if we work together to solve bad things.
The feature of Li Yang’s films is to face reality directly, not to whitewash it.

　　In the film works of the past year, several word-of-mouth films, such as Gangrinboqi and Fanghua, which reflect human nature and are well-received, have appeared. Li Yang believes that fans will become rational and people themselves need spiritual needs. This trend in movies this year is a return of humanity and rationality.

　　The Blind Road is the final work of Li Yang’s "Blind" series. In the future, Li Yang will also make valuable commercial films. As Li Yang said: Our film and television works are not scratching, and movies are cultural products. I am totally opposed to art films and commercial films. All films are commercial films, and they are commodities from the day they are born, but they are commodities with cultural value, and the films themselves are cultural. "

I’ll bring this one to you today. Let’s take a look at its performance.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Sylphy. The front face of Sylphy is very round, and the middle net adopts a multi-spoke shape, which looks sporty. Coupled with the steady headlights, the overall look is deep. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, etc. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4631 mm * 1760 mm * 1503 mm. The car uses simple lines, and the side of the car feels very cute. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it gives people a very elegant feeling. In the rear part, the overall shape of the Xuanyi rear echoes the front face, the taillights are very atmospheric, and the layout of the exhaust pipe uses a hidden shape, creating a good gas field.

Sitting in the car, the interior style is very simple and very spirited. The car’s three-spoke steering wheel is simple in shape, equipped with functions such as manual adjustment of the steering wheel up and down, and the shape is very fighting. Let’s take a look at the central control, which is decorated with an 8-inch central control panel, which makes the interior design quite layered and the overall design of the central control is remarkable. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the information reading is simple and clear. The car adopts imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick and comfortable.

Sylphy is matched with CVT gearbox, with an acceleration time of 12.1s per 100 kilometers, which has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

The space performance of Sylphy trunk is ok. If there are big items during the trip, you can put down the rear seats to expand the space. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

The moderate size of the car is a very suitable choice for many families, and the internal space is enough for daily use in families. If you are going to buy a car, you might as well think about it.

　　　　On September 21st, the 4th Asian Color Forum, which lasted for two days, ended successfully in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province. While interpreting the colors of life in Asia, this forum fully demonstrated the viewpoint that color is productivity and competitiveness by combining the analysis of fashion elements of colors in the world. The trend of Asian color fashion in 2008/09 was also formally confirmed during this period.

　　　　Zhang Huaixi, Vice Chairman of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, announced the opening of the forum. Cheng Donghong, Secretary of the Secretariat of China Association for Science and Technology, Xu Kunyuan, Vice Chairman of China Textile Industry Association, Sun Ruizhe, Vice Chairman of China Textile Industry Association, Chi Zongjun, President of China Textile Newspaper, relevant leaders of Wuxi City, and color experts and scholars from South Korea and Japan attended the opening ceremony.

　　　　In his speech, Xu Kunyuan pointed out that the application of color science is of positive significance for realizing the transformation of the industry from "Made in China" to "Created in China" and from "World Processing Factory" to "Fashion Birthplace". The success of this forum will bring the latest fashion trends in the world to Asia and China, thus promoting the further development of China’s fashion industry.

　　　　Liang Yong, executive vice president of China Fashion Color Association, said that the Asian Color Forum aims to build a larger international exchange platform for Asian enterprises, so that enterprises can exchange with each other in a broader scope, learn from each other’s strong points and fully grasp the value of color science.

　　　　At the main forum of this Asian Color Forum, Qiu Jiayu, the design director of China Lenovo Group, and Guan Che, the authority of Japanese fashion industry, gave speeches on topics such as color making new competitiveness and clothing color trends, and shared their understanding of color economy with the participants. At the color wealth forum held later, color and design experts of well-known brands such as Sony, Lenovo, Samsung, LG and Haier discussed that color is productivity with industrial color and innovative design as the breakthrough point. Color is the theme of competitiveness. Representatives of well-known domestic clothing enterprises such as Metersbonwe Bang Wei, bindwood, Aimer and Gage had extensive exchanges with color experts.

　　　　At the Asian Fashion Color Trend Seminar, Asian Home Color Trend Seminar and Asian Cosmetic Color Trend Seminar held during this forum, the trend research institutions of China, Japan and South Korea and representatives from well-known enterprises at home and abroad jointly determined the Asian color trend in 2008/09.

　　　　On the occasion of the Asian Color Forum, China Fashion Color Association knitted fabric color research and development base and China textile fashion color application demonstration base also officially settled in Wuxi Natural Textile Industry Co., Ltd. and Jiangsu Xiake Environmental Protection Color Spinning Co., Ltd.

Editor: Tian Shijia

write an article　/Tu Yanping

edit　/Huangda Road

design　/Zhao Yongshun

In May 2023, Musk revealed that Tesla FSD V12 would adopt an end-to-end solution. In March 2024, Tesla began to push V12 on a large scale.

According to the statistics of the third-party website FSD Tracker, after the update of Tesla FSD V12, compared with the previous version, the proportion of trips that users completely took over increased from 47% to 72%, and the average take-over mileage (MPI) increased from 116 miles to 333 miles.

On the Tesla FSD V12, the end-to-end autopilot technology has shown great strength.

With the development of AI and big model technology entering a new stage, end-to-end technology has become the focus of the autonomous driving industry. So, what is end to end? To what extent has its technology evolved?

In June 2024, Chentao Capital, Nanjing University Shanghai Alumni Association Autopilot Branch and Jiuzhang Zhijia jointly released the 2024 End-to-end Autopilot Industry Research Report (hereinafter referred to as the Report), which made an all-round analysis from the basic concepts, participants, development drivers, landing challenges and future prospects of end-to-end autopilot.

The Report systematically sorts out the concept of end-to-end autonomous driving technology, puts forward a set of terminology system for reference, and defines the basic concepts of end-to-end.

The Report pointed out that in the early days, the core definition of end-to-end was "a single neural network model from sensor input to control output". In recent years, the concept of end-to-end has been extended to a wider extent. According to the Report, the end-to-end core definition standard should be: lossless transmission of perceived information and global optimization of autonomous driving system.

Based on this definition, combined with the application degree of AI in the autopilot system, the Report divides the autopilot technology architecture into four stages:

The first stage:Perceive "end to end". The sensing module realizes the "end-to-end" at the module level through BEV (Bird Eye View) technology based on multi-transmitter fusion.

The second stage:Modeling of decision planning. Functional modules from prediction to decision-making to planning have been integrated into the same neural network.

The third stage:Modular end to end. Perception module no longer outputs the results based on human understanding definition, but gives more feature vectors. The comprehensive model of predictive decision planning module outputs the results of motion planning based on feature vectors. The two modules cannot be trained independently, and they must be trained simultaneously by gradient conduction.

The fourth stage:One Model end to end. There is no clear division of functions such as perception and decision planning, and the same deep learning model is directly used from the input of the original signal to the output of the final planning trajectory.

Among them, the last two stages meet the above-mentioned end-to-end definition standards.

In addition, the report also distinguishes and analyzes the differences and connections between end-to-end and big model, world model, pure visual sensor scheme and other confusing concepts.

In April, 2016, NVIDIA team published a paper named End to End Learning for Self-driving Cars, which showed the end-to-end autopilot system DAVE-2 based on Convolutional Neural Network, CNN).

The system processes the camera image in front of the vehicle through CNN, and directly outputs the steering angle. During the training process, the model learns by simulating driving data. The Report calls it a pioneering work in the field of end-to-end autonomous driving in recent years.

At present, there are many players with end-to-end autonomous driving in the market. The Report divides them into several categories:

First, the OEM. Such as Tesla, Xpeng Motors, HarmonyOS Zhixing, Weilai and Zero One.

On May 20, 2024, Xpeng Motors held an AI Day conference to announce that the end-to-end large model was on the bus.

On April 24th, 2024, Huawei launched a new version of intelligent driving system-Gankun ADS 3.0, which realized the modeling of decision-making planning and laid the foundation for the continuous evolution of end-to-end architecture.

In addition, Weilai plans to go online in the first half of 2024 based on the end-to-end active safety function, and Zero One Automobile, a new energy heavy truck technology company, plans to realize the deployment of end-to-end autonomous driving by the end of 2024.

Second, autonomous driving algorithm and system company. Such as Yuanrong Qixing, Zhizhi Robot, Shang Tang Jueying and Xiaoma Zhixing.

Horizon proposed the end-to-end algorithm Sparse4D； for automatic driving perception in 2022; In 2023, UniAD, the first publicly published end-to-end autopilot model in the industry, was published by Horizon Scholar I, and won the best paper of CVPR 2023.

In August, 2023, Xiaoma Zhixing opened three traditional modules of perception, prediction and regulation, and unified them into an end-to-end autopilot model. At present, they have been simultaneously installed in L4 self-driving taxis and L2 auxiliary driving passenger cars.

On the eve of the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, NVIDIA revealed the development plan of the autonomous driving business, and mentioned that the second step of the plan was to "achieve a new breakthrough in L2++ system, and get on the LLM (large language model) and VLM (visual language model) models to realize end-to-end autonomous driving".

At the Beijing Auto Show in April, 2024, Yuanrong Qixing demonstrated the high-level intelligent driving platform DeepRoute IO and the end-to-end solution based on DeepRoute IO. Shang Tang Jueying introduced the end-to-end autopilot solution "UniAD" for mass production and the next generation autopilot technology, DriveAGI. The former belongs to the "modular end-to-end" type, and the latter is "One Model end-to-end".

During the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, Du Dalong, co-founder and CTO of Jianzhi Robot, revealed that GraphAD, the original self-driving end-to-end model of Jianzhi Robot, has been mass-produced and deployed, and is being jointly developed with head car companies.

Third, self-driving generative AI companies, such as Nimbus Intelligence and Nimbus Intelligence.

Founded in early 2023, Optical Wheel Intelligence has developed a self-developed full-link solution for end-to-end data and simulation. In September, 2023, Nimbus Intelligent launched DriveDreamer, a world model of autonomous driving, which can realize full-link closed-loop simulation of end-to-end autonomous driving, and can be extended to directly output end-to-end action instructions.

Fourthly, academic research institutions, such as Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Tsinghua University MARS Lab.

Since 2023, driven by Tesla’s benchmarking role, the AGI technology paradigm represented by the big model, and the anthropomorphization and safety requirements of autonomous driving, the attention of the autonomous driving industry to end-to-end has been heating up, and end-to-end has gradually become the consensus of the autonomous driving industry.

According to a survey of more than 30 front-line experts in the autonomous driving industry in the Report, 90% of the respondents indicated that the company they work for has invested in the research and development of end-to-end technology.

The Report analyzes the challenges faced by the end-to-end solution, including technical route, data and computing power requirements, testing and verification, and organizational resources investment.

First, differences in technical routes.

For example, "modular end-to-end" adopts the training paradigm of supervised learning, and "One Model end-to-end" may pay more attention to autoregressive and generative training paradigms, and both routes have company bets. According to the Report, in the next 1-2 years, as more companies and research institutions increase investment in the end-to-end field and launch products, the technical route will gradually converge.

Second, the demand for training data is unprecedented.

Under the end-to-end technology architecture, the importance of training data has been enhanced as never before. Among them, issues related to data quantity, data labeling, data quality and data distribution may all become challenges that limit end-to-end application. The Report suggests that synthesizing data and establishing a data sharing platform may be the solution.

Third, the demand for training computing power is getting higher and higher.

Most companies say that 100 large computing GPUs can support an end-to-end model training. And end-to-end into the mass production stage, the demand for training computing power has increased dramatically.

At the 2024Q1 earnings conference call, Tesla said that there are already 35,000 H100 GPUs, and plans to increase to more than 85,000 H 100 GPUs in 2024. Previously, it also deployed a larger A100 GPU training cluster.

In August, 2023, Tucki announced the establishment of the "Fuxuan" Intelligent Computing Center for Autopilot, with a computing power of 600PFLOPS (calculated from the FP32 computing power of NVIDIA A100 GPU, it is equivalent to about 30,000 A100 GPUs).

In addition, Shang Tang Big Device has laid out a nationwide integrated intelligent computing network, with 45,000 GPUs, with an overall computing power of 12000PFLOPS, which will reach 18000PFLOPS by the end of 2024.

According to the "Report", "Most companies that develop end-to-end autonomous driving are currently at the kilocalorie level. As the end-to-end gradually moves towards a large model, the training computing power will be stretched."

Fourth, the test and verification methods are not mature.

The existing test and verification methods are not suitable for end-to-end autonomous driving, and the industry urgently needs new test and verification methodology and tool chain.

Fifth, the challenge of organizational resource input.

End-to-end needs to reshape the organizational structure and tilt resources to the data side, which challenges the existing model.

In addition, some people think that the lack of computing power and interpretability are the limiting factors for end-to-end landing, and the Report puts forward the opposite conclusion.

The "Report" predicts that the mass production time of the modular end-to-end scheme of domestic autonomous driving companies may be in 2025, and the end-to-end landing time of One Model will be 1-2 years later than the modular end-to-end, from 2026 to 2027. Start mass production.

This will drive the upstream technological progress and the evolution of the market and industrial structure.

Technically, end-to-end landing will accelerate the progress of upstream tool chains and chips on which it depends; On the market side, the improvement of end-to-end autonomous driving experience will bring about an increase in the penetration rate of high-order assisted driving, and may also drive the application of autonomous driving across geographical regions, countries and scenes; In terms of industrial structure, end-to-end further enhances the importance of data and AI talents, which may lead to new industrial division of labor and business models.

In the early stage of development, autonomous driving draws lessons from the accumulation of many robot industries in perception algorithms, planning algorithms, middleware and sensors. In recent years, autonomous driving technology and industrial maturity have improved, among which the AGI technology paradigm provided by end-to-end autonomous driving has a feedback effect on the universal humanoid robot industry.

The "Report" believes that with the continuous progress of AI technology, the mutual integration and mutual reference of autonomous driving and robotics will be deeper, jointly promoting AGI (General Artificial Intelligence) to the physical world and creating greater social value.

On October 22nd, at the "What’s Off-road"-tank autumn technical conference held by Great Wall Motor, the grading standard of enterprise off-road was publicly announced for the first time. In this landmark grading evaluation, Tank 300 was successfully classified as a strong off-road grade by virtue of its hard-core strength, after testing in four dimensions, 20 performances and 70 indicators. Coincidentally, in the past September, Tank 300 stood out with 96.5 points in the off-road test list released by the professional media, and successfully ranked among the top six, keeping pace with many high-end and well-known hard-core off-road models from overseas. The outstanding performance of Tank 300 fully proves that the brand of off-road vehicles in China has been among the top in the world, which shows the strong strength of off-road vehicles in China.

Tank 300: Strong off-road, hard power

The reason why Tank 300 can occupy a place in strong off-road is mainly due to its excellent off-road technology and careful design in terms of safety, reliability and durability. Among them, the vertical non-decoupling architecture and the "three locks" are undoubtedly the two core technical highlights, which laid a solid off-road foundation for them.

First of all, the tank 300, with its vertical non-decoupling architecture, realizes direct and efficient power transmission and efficient control of four-wheel power distribution. At the same time, the tank 300 built on the vertical platform is equipped with a 2.0T engine and an 8AT/9AT gearbox, with uniform counterweight, smooth driving and stronger power output when off-road, ensuring excellent stability and passability in various complex terrains and easily coping with various challenges.

Secondly, the tank 300 is equipped with a "three-lock" part-time 4wd system, which is a sharp weapon for its off-road extrication. By controlling the power distribution, it is ensured that when one wheel is in trouble, the differential lock can lock the wheel, ensure the other wheel to obtain torque, and realize the stable output power of a single wheel, thus helping the vehicle to extricate itself from difficulties and easily coping with various challenges.

In terms of safety, reliability and durability, the tank 300 also performed well. A large number of 1500Mpa ultra-high strength steel was used in the body structure to ensure less deformation when it was hit. At the same time, with double pre-tensioned seat belts, OPW front and rear integrated side air curtains and active safety configuration, it not only ensured the safety and comfort of drivers and passengers, but also further improved the off-road performance and reliability of the tank 300. Not only did it get 3G1A results in the collision test of China Insurance Research Institute, but it also got five-star safety certification in ANCAP, Australia, which was superior to Jeep herdsman and Land Rover Range Rover in the same period.

To sum up, the tank 300 can not only easily cope with the terrain with complex and changeable adhesion, but also be comfortable in desert, mountain, snow and other complex environments, meeting the diverse needs of deep off-road enthusiasts and becoming a truly strong off-road vehicle in their hearts.

The common choice of cross-country enthusiasts around the world

Since its listing, the market share of Tank 300 has far exceeded that of well-known luxury off-road brands at home and abroad, and its global sales have quickly exceeded the 370,000 mark. In the past September, Tank 300 still maintained a steady sales momentum, with 7,804 vehicles sold in a single month, ranking first in China off-road SUV for 45 consecutive months, and becoming a benchmark in the domestic off-road market. While occupying a place in the domestic market, Tank 300 has successfully entered the international market and made a big splash on a global scale.

At present, the footprint of Tank 300 has spread all over Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Australia, South Africa and other countries, as well as North Africa, Central and South America and other places. Winning wide acclaim and trust from users around the world not only provides excellent product experience, but also highlights the technical strength and influence of China brand in the global automobile market.

Behind the Off-road of the Top 300 Tanks: the crystallization of the deep accumulation and innovation breakthrough of Great Wall Motor

It is based on this background and strength that the tank 300 is well-deserved to be classified as a strong off-road grade in off-road classification, which is not only an affirmation of the tank 300 itself, but also a direct embodiment of Great Wall Motor’s deep accumulation and innovation breakthrough in off-road field. Great Wall Motor has been deeply involved in off-road field for 34 years, and has accumulated rich off-road experience and technical strength from early pickup trucks to later SUV models. As the representative of the third generation of off-road vehicles in the Great Wall, Tank 300 perfectly combines powerful off-road performance with intelligent and comfortable experience, breaking the inherent impression of users that traditional hard-core off-road vehicles are not luxurious, uncomfortable, intelligent, exquisite, fashionable and high fuel consumption, and leading the off-road vehicle market into a new era.

In the future, with the continuous exploration and deep cultivation of Great Wall Motor in the off-road field, Tank 300 will continue to optimize its product performance and constantly refresh the benchmark model of off-road products in China. In addition, Tank 300 will continue to explore overseas markets such as North China and ASEAN with the strong cross-country attitude of, and provide excellent products for global customers, so that the world can see China off-road and China can see tanks off-road.

1905 movie network news The daughter of a senior musician died of a rare disease in 2021 at the age of 22. After his daughter died of illness, Bao Xiaobai became bald overnight because of the pain. In order to reunite with his daughter across time and space, in 2022, he began to study for a doctoral degree and study the AI ? ? reconstruction heritage technology.

The emergence of ChatGPT has set off a global AI wave. After repeated attempts and training, Bao Xiaobai recreated the "digital daughter" as he wished. Bao Xiaobai successfully restored her daughter’s voice by using three dialogues left by her daughter before her death.

Bao Xiaobai said in an interview that a family of three sang a birthday song together on his wife’s birthday a few days ago. "AI is a tool for pinning thoughts and an expression of thoughts."　He admits that although some people may not understand his approach, it is a simple wish for him: to hear his daughter’s voice again and to preserve her perfect image and voice in the digital world.

Bao Xiaobai’s "resurrection" of his beloved daughter with AI can’t help but remind people of the movie, in which Tu Hengyu, a quantum scientist whose daughter Yaya was resurrected with "digital life", which just shows the meaning of "digital life": crossing life and death and reliving family ties.

Judging from the origin of the story and folklore, the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not a model of positive love story. Only under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day, many people call Tanabata the ancient Valentine’s Day in China because of the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl Meeting". The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with being selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools for a long time.

Special Stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Meet at the Magpie Bridge"

Ancient origin: Cowherd and Weaver Girl are all negative images.

Limited by the underdevelopment of science and technology, in the eyes of the ancients, the sky is supreme and the stars are personalized. The stars in the vast universe have also become gods with personality consciousness, worshipped and believed. Vega has always been personified as the image of "Bai Fu Mei". "Historical Records Tianguan Book": "Weaver Girl, Goddess Sun Ye." "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicle of Heaven": "Weaver girl, the son of heaven is a true girl." The Samsung across the Milky Way from Vega is called River Drum Star. The three stars of the river drum are arranged in a straight line, and the middle one is extremely bright. The whole image is like a cowherd carrying a son and a daughter, so the people are also called the shoulder pole star, which is more like a cow. Therefore, it was later equated with Petunia, such as "Er Ya Shi Tian": "The North Pole is called Beichen, and the drum is called Petunia."

stellar map

The origin of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong, it is said: "There is a Han in Wei Tian, and there is light in prison. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Even though the weaver girl is busy, she doesn’t weave a good Stripe. Give him a cow, not a box. " Among them, there are records about the Weaver Girl and the Petunia Stars, which have always been regarded as the germination and embryo of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. The images of "Weaver Girl" and "Petunia" in the poem are quite negative: Weaver Girl doesn’t weave, Petunia doesn’t drive, and emphasizes that Petunia and Weaver Girl are in name only, thus satirizing the behavior of nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty who get something for nothing.

The further clarification of the relationship between the legend of Niu Nv and Qixi in the Han Dynasty is inevitably related to the advocacy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to train the water army, Kunming Pool was dug in Doumen, Chang ‘an. On both sides of the pool, there are statues of cowherd and weaver girl, and Kunming pool is used to symbolize Tianhe. Ban Gu’s "Xidu Fu" "There are two stone people in Kunming Pool, who are like cows and weaver girls." During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the two stars were further personified, and there was an unfortunate plot of the marriage of the Weaver Girl. Nineteen Ancient Poems in the Han Dynasty wrote: "The Altair is far away, and the Jiaojiao River is a Chinese woman. ….. The river is clear and shallow. How much difference does it make? Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse is speechless. " By the time of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties, Yin Yun wrote the first complete version of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Novel, "There is a Weaver Girl in the east of Tianhe, and the son of the Emperor of Heaven is also there. Every year, the loom labors, weaving into a brocade dress, and the appearance is too messy. The emperor pitied him for being alone and promised to marry a cowherd in Hexi. After marriage, he abandoned weaving. The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered to return to Hedong, but it was held once a year. " The story explains the tragedy of their marriage, and the annual meeting has become a model of faithful love.

However, according to the text data of Yunmeng Qin Bamboo Slips unearthed in Hubei, the original prototype of the touching love story between Cowherd and Weaver, the daughter of Tiandi, is the marriage tragedy that Cowherd abandoned Weaver many times. "Wu Shen, Ji You, pulling the cow to take the weaver girl, failing, three abandonment." "Wu Shen, Ji You, pull the cow to take the weaver girl and fail. If you are not three years old, you will abandon it." Different from the legend of later generations, their separation was not caused by external interference, but by the man’s change of heart. People look up at the starry sky, and two bright stars twinkle on both sides of Tianhe, so they imagine that these two stars may be a couple. The husband abandoned his wife, and the wife looked at the "ungrateful person" on the other side of Tianhe affectionately. Why does the separation of Altair and Vega in the sky become a symbol of the tragedy of marriage between men and women on earth? Looking through the Book of Songs, we will find some social tragedies that reflect the change of heart of men and the abandonment of their wives in a patriarchal society, such as Ye Feng Gu Feng, which "turns an Jiang Le to a woman" and "turns an Jiang Le to a legacy"; "Wei Feng for self-protection", "the banquet of the general angle, laughing and laughing, swearing, not thinking about the opposite."

Folklore: It is a helpless move for the weaver girl to marry the cowherd.

The embryonic form of the myth of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" was established in the Han Dynasty, and the myth of Cowherd and Weaver Girl was widely spread among the people through the rendering of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the story plot and characters have been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family system has become more stringent, and the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has also incorporated these elements.

In quite a few versions, the combination of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not the true love that most people know now. Cowherd was able to cross the family line and marry the "Bai Fumei" Weaver Girl, which was caused by stealing the fairy clothes under the guidance of the old cow. After marriage, Weaver Girl mostly managed to get the fairy clothes back and escape from the world. There are 18 articles in China Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl and Folk Literature Volume edited by Chen Yongchao.

Various versions of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before the founding of the People’s Republic of China

Legend of China Cowherd and Weaver Girl

These stories often use words such as "had to" and "forced" when describing the marriage of the Weaver Girl to the Cowherd. For example, it is most clearly expressed in The Silly Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which is circulated in Shijiazhuang. "The Silly Cowherd is in a hurry and says that the Weaver Girl doesn’t love the same flesh and blood, and she is absolutely heartless. Weaver girl even cursed the silly cowherd:’ You are not a thing! Who told you to take my clothes and force me to get married! You have harmed me and a pair of children, which are all your sins!’ "It can be seen that the combination of the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd is out of helplessness. It is in the case that the Weaver Girl was stolen from the fairy clothes and could not return to heaven, and the Cowherd saw the body, so she had to stay on earth and marry the Cowherd. They originally lacked the emotional foundation of mutual consent, which laid a hidden danger for the Weaver Girl to escape to the sky and their marriage broke down.

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Stealing Clothes and Becoming Attached"

There is also a plot worthy of attention in many stories, that is, the plot of Niu Lang’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife". This just proves that the weaver girl has no love for the cowherd, and she was forced to marry and have children with the cowherd-the fairy clothes were hidden. There are 20 articles in "The Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in China Folk Literature Volume" that contain the plot of "hiding clothes to prevent wives". Cowherd’s attitude towards Weaver Girl is more than guarding against theft. He took the initiative, or listened to the old cow’s instructions, and hid the fairy clothes of Weaver Girl in a secret place to prevent her from escaping. Cowherd’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife" comes first, which has become an important prerequisite for the weaver girl to abandon her husband and children and flee to heaven. For example, in "Meet at the Que Bridge" written by Panshi, Jilin Province, "The Cowherd carries the Weaver Girl on his back and buries her long-sleeved shirt under the stone beside the door". This precaution even lasts into the daily life after marriage. In The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in Shijiazhuang, the Cowherd "guards the Weaver Girl in the dark, always afraid that she will run back to the sky".

Stories of hiding clothes and defending wives in many versions

Judging from the existing literature, the earliest literature record about drawing a river was also drawn by Weaver Girl. Gong Mingzhi’s "Notes on the Middle Wu Dynasty" in the Song Dynasty: "Kunshan County is east, and the place name is Huanggu. From father to father, it is said that there is a weaver girl and Altair descended here. The weaver girl rowed the river with a golden grate, and the river overflowed, so the petunia could not cross it. "

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Chasing Wife with a Burden"

The pursuit of free love is the theme after the transformation.

In fact, the image change of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is the result of the continuous transformation of myths and legends by national emotions, and the elements of the times are constantly added. This has always been the case since ancient times. The version we are familiar with at present is more the result of the transformation of operas such as Tianhe Pei after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which has established the theme of labor, love and anti-feudalism. Cowherd became the representative of working people’s image, Weaver girl became the representative of pursuing free love, and Queen Mother became the representative of feudal parents.

The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with its long-term selection in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools.The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was first selected as a middle school Chinese textbook in 1955, and was personally adapted from folklore by Mr. Ye Shengtao, then president of People’s Education Publishing House. The adapted legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl still retains the original story form of swan virgin, fairy ordinary man and two brothers in structure, but it has made great changes in thought. The most important change is to eliminate the negative images of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, and to highlight the persecution of young men and women by the old ethics and the old system. The story implies the persecution of lovers by feudal paternalism "parents’ orders, matchmakers’ words", and the persecution of cowherd by feudal hierarchy (the fairy is different) and patriarchal clan system (the old and the young are orderly).

These reservations and adaptations are reflected in the content. The reserved plot includes the persecution of Cowherd by his brother and sister-in-law. "My brother and sister-in-law treated him badly, told him to eat leftovers, wear rags and sleep in the cowshed at night." The plot of returning clothes is an important part of changing the nature of the story. Cowherd not only did not hide his clothes, but also refused to return them. When the Cowherd heard the Weaver Girl ask where the clothes were, he also took the initiative to return the gauze clothes to him. "When the Cowherd heard this, he came out of the Woods and held the gauze clothes in his hands and said,’ Don’t worry, girl, your clothes are here’" … After listening to the Weaver Girl’s words, the Cowherd said,’ Girl, since there is nothing good in the sky, you don’t have to go back. You can work, and I can work. Let’s get married and live together for life. " The weaver girl thought for a moment and said,’ You are right. Let’s get married and live together.’ "In this case, the Weaver Girl took the initiative to stay, belonging to two people with emotional foundation. As for this version of the Queen Mother, it is completely the image of a vicious old lady. "She went to the Cowherd’s house in person, and it happened that Cowherd was working in the field, so she grabbed the Weaver Girl and walked out. Seeing the old woman angrily pulling her mother away, the Weaver Girl boy ran to hold her clothes. The Queen Mother gave a hard push and the child fell to the ground. "

The Images of Cowherd, Weaver Girl and Queen Mother in Comic Books

Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, most people learned and passed on the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl by word of mouth, so the versions had different themes. Nowadays, most people know the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl through written texts, mostly based on the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl adapted by Ye Shengtao in Chinese textbooks, which is an important factor affecting people’s cognition of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Ye Shengtao’s adaptation could have been accepted by the public, which met the social needs of abolishing the old ethics and pursuing equality, especially the pursuit of free love after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and also satisfied the people’s long-hidden dream of a fairy.

Today, customs such as "begging for cleverness" on Qixi, which is closely related to ancient needlework, have lost their original soil. The beautified fairy tale of the meeting between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is still widely circulated. These make modern people make a wrong judgment-Qixi is an ancient Valentine’s Day. In today’s Chinese Valentine’s Day, merchants take the opportunity to engage in promotion, and the media will not hesitate to report on the layout; On the other hand, matchmaking agencies took the opportunity to engage in friendship, and even local women’s organizations joined the team of friendship matchmaking for fear of being left behind. The reason for this situation is that I don’t know the original custom of Tanabata and the original story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. The reason is probably a series of phenomena caused by contemporary commerce under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day. Have you noticed that even Christmas Eve and Christmas in the west are packaged by China businessmen as the day when men and women meet?

References:

Zhou Yuxian: Inheritance and Evolution of Cowherd and Weaver Girl Literature in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Capital Normal University, March 2009.

Li Chao: Another Probe into the Image of the Weaver Girl —— On the Negative Image of the Weaver Girl in the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Story, Folk Culture Forum, August 2012.

Qi Lingyun: Gender Conflict and Discourse Power —— On the Evolution of the Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before and after the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Folklore Research, No.5, 2014.