This is the second city deeply excavated by "the most city THECITY"

long time ago

Drinking is a very interesting thing.

Singing to wine, life geometry

Do your best to maintain the interests without entanglement.

A lively scene of wine and ear fever

Only the feelings that are all in the wine are deep and righteous.

Like yellow rice wine just brewed, it tastes rough.

Over the years, it has become more fragrant and mellow.

This is gentle and elegant, which belongs to yellow rice wine.

Yellow rice wine has ruled China drunkards for thousands of years ~

As one of the three ancient wines in the world.

China’s unique and oldest wine old online celebrity.

Its scenery history far exceeds that of liquor, and there is a poetic cloud:

"The price of yellow rice wine rises when you buy it, and the price of white wine rises when you buy it cheaply."

Maybe Maotai at that time was just drinking excitement.

Chinese wine despises the non-mainstream at the bottom of the chain

(ps. The real popularity of liquor was after the founding of the People’s Republic of China)

And the unique brewing conditions that cannot be reproduced.

It also makes Japanese people who love wine unable to copy the same Shaoxing wine so far.

Even the brewing of sake in Japan borrowed from yellow rice wine.

The unique brewing technology is a model for the oriental brewing industry.

Traditional brewing technology of yellow rice wine in China;

Soaking rice, steaming rice, drying rice, fermenting in vat, raking, fermenting in jar, frying and packaging.

In this issue, we went to Shaoxing Ke Qiao and visited the only one in China.

Tapai Yellow Rice Wine Winery Insisting on Hand-brewing Yellow Rice Wine

I chatted with Mr. Pan Xingxiang, a master of non-legacy winemaking.

Past lives’s love and hate, the true meaning of the "former national wine" yellow rice wine

　1.

Drive into Hutang Town, Ke Qiao.

I smelled the aroma of the old wine.

Stepping into the winery, rows of old jars piled up like the Great Wall.

"Old wine is made of glutinous rice, and it becomes nou nou (pig) after drinking it."

This nursery rhyme, which is about to be lost, has been engraved into the DNA of several generations of Shaoxing people.

I always remember a little girl with a croissant braid.

Playing with friends, catching chickens and jumping with rubber bands.

Through the old Shaoxing winery, playing in front of the old altar …

There is a very interesting word in this nursery rhyme: "nou nou nou"

It is not only a nickname for children, but also describes the state of drinking old wine.

Zhou Zuoren used "pork" in his essays.

To indicate "nou nou" means a comfortable and happy state.

Perhaps this is the most appropriate impression given by Shaoxing yellow rice wine.

Liquor is spicy and dry, while beer is bitter and bitter.

The entrance of yellow rice wine is sweet and waxy, and the throat is warm and moist.

Not strong or light, mellow and long, comfortable and harmonious.

　2.

Yellow rice wine is often called "old wine" and "Shaoxing wine"

Old wine permeates the history of ancient Vietnam.

When Gou Jian, the King of Yue, endured humiliation and took revenge.

Pour the wine given by the people into the river, and the whole army will drink it together

The military and civilians defeated Wu in one fell swoop, which is known in history as "the teacher who threw the mash"

The river into which wine was poured was called "Toulao River" by later generations.

Still flowing in the ancient city of Shaoxing …

Old wine, drunken romantic figure

Without it, maybe half the sky of China art will collapse.

Settled in Shaoxing in his later yearsWang Xizhi, bring friends to bend the water and flow.

Write down "the best running script in the world" and "Preface to Lanting" while drinking.

Lu youIn Shenyuan, I met Tang Wan, the ex-wife who married someone else.

With mixed feelings, the poem "Hairpin Phoenix" was written on the wall.

"Red crisp hands, yellow wine, spring willows in the city."

Every inch of acacia turns into that "cup of sadness"

Yue Opera Lu You and Tang Wan

Huiji BrewmasterHe Zhizhang, with poetry fairy.li poregret we didn’t meet sooner

Do not hesitate to trade scarabs for wine, and get drunk for a good time.

The originator of freehand brushwork of flowers and birds that influenced Qi Baishi.Xu WeiExchange paintings for drinks.

Life "don’t envy the emperor, don’t envy immortals, drinking is better than living immortals"

Jianhu Nvxia in the Republic of ChinaQiu Jin, "Diao Qiu for wine is as good as Hao."

There are also people written in wine.Lu Xun, every meal will be wine.Cai Yuanpei

Drunk in the yellow wine bathtub, let go of the drinka surnameandlin qingxuan

Gu Long: "Love is not the taste of wine, but the friend when drinking."

The story soaked with yellow wine will always taste good.

After perseverance, the pleasure of kindness and hatred, the free and easy and broad-minded literati in troubled times.

Love is not the parting from sorrow, and the bliss of drinking with your bosom friend.

The heroic ambition of the heroine, the alternative rebellion of sending affection to wine.

The ups and downs of several dynasties, the personnel wasted, all in the wine.

　3.

Without Shaoxing, there would be no rice wine.

Shaoxing gave yellow rice wine a unique soul.

As one of the oldest wines in the world.

Yellow wine, beer and red wine are also called the three ancient wines.

In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties 3,000 years ago,

Chinese created the complex fermentation method of distiller’s yeast and began to brew a large number of yellow rice wine.

Yellow rice wine has a wide producing area and many varieties, and Shao Huang is the most famous one.

Pan Xingxiang, an intangible winemaker at Tapai Winery, told us

The ancient handmade yellow rice wine has to go through at least one year of wind and rain.

Make wine medicine in summer and wheat koji in autumn.

Brewing in winter, pressing and frying in spring.

The "meat of wine" glutinous rice and "bone of wine" wheat koji in yellow rice wine.

"The blood of wine" is the water of Jianhu Lake, and the three are indispensable.

Jianhu water rich in trace elements

The content of "strontium" is much higher than that of ordinary water bodies.

Shaoxing is the only one of Jianhu water for brewing yellow rice wine.

Whether it is Chiang Kai-shek who brought rice wine to Taiwan Province

Or a foreign winery or a Japanese winemaker

Even with the introduction of Shaojiu koji imitation

Can’t brew a wine comparable to Shaoxing wine.

Japanese who love yellow rice wine drink old wine and now only import it from Shaoxing.

The most important reason is that they don’t have Jianhu water.

Jianhu water comes from Shaoxing, and Maolin Xiuzhu in Huiji Mountain area.

The water is clear and rich in minerals.

Plenty of rain can ensure high purity all the year round.

Good water makes good wine, Shaoxing yellow wine nourished by Jianhu water.

The flow is empty and bright, and the color is like amber.

Besides good water, the season of brewing is also very important.

Traditional handmade yellow rice wine follows the principle of one winter and one brewing.

"The son should be his own, and the old wine should be brewed in winter."

From beginning of winter to beginning of spring in the following year.

Shaoxing people call this process of brewing yellow rice wine "winter brewing"

Qing "Zunsheng Eight Notes" cloud:

"beginning of winter, water phase; Winter solstice, water flourishing; Beginning of spring, Shuixiu … "

Winter is the most beautiful and best season for water quality.

The temperature is low, and miscellaneous bacteria can’t survive.

With less rain, the clear Jianhu water is of better quality at this time.

This slightly sweet lake with good water makes it "more wine in the world"

The ancient wine-making rules conform to the weather.

The drinking criterion is also based on the valuable practical experience of the people for thousands of years.

Yang dominates in summer and Yin dominates in winter.

Pay attention to Yin and Yang in Chinese in the cold winter.

Brewed Shaoxing wine, which is good for warming the yang.

Let your body "balance yin and yang"

Through a cold winter, it is for the unity of man and nature.

It is said that Deng Xiaoping is 85 years old and still insists on a glass of yellow wine every day.

4.

Yellow rice wine is the wisdom about water, time and life.

It is a low-key, but essential golden supporting role on the dining table.

Pan Xingxiang, the winemaker of Tapai yellow rice wine, has been making wine in three generations.

He said that when I was a child, my family would cook 50 kilograms of wine every New Year.

"Borrow bottles of wine on credit, and there is wine in the pot to keep customers."

"There is no wine at home. This is a pity for the guests."

Yellow rice wine is indispensable for the welcome and delivery in life.

Yuanxiao wine, shaving wine, Dezhou wine, house wine, birthday wine …

Warm drink for health, cool to relieve summer heat, add flavor with meals, and stir-fry into wine.

In this life, sooner or later, Chinese will meet with warm yellow rice wine.

"Old wine and preserved duck add, new wine and dried bean curd"

At the dinner table of Shaoxing people, there is a match between food and wine comparable to that of the West.

For example, among yellow rice wine, Yuan red wine is the most refreshing.

Suitable for cold dishes such as vegetables and jellyfish.

Rice wine is rich.

It is the number one CP for all kinds of meat and hairy crabs.

Sweet good wine, fragrant snow wine

It is the best partner of chicken, duck and beet.

The delicious food created by yellow rice wine is drunk shrimp and crab.

Can always subtly neutralize the coolness of lake crab shrimp

Distiller’s grains, residue left after brewing yellow rice wine

It is also often used by water people to make bad things, bad chickens, ducks and geese.

There is alcohol in the salty and fresh food. Chew it carefully and don’t have a flavor.

Bad food began more than two thousand years ago.

Follow us and check out the previous issue of "Shaoxing Goose"

5.

Long ago, drinking was a very interesting thing.

Singing to wine, life geometry

A dish of fennel beans, two or three friends, and several jars of old wine.

Now it has been stirred up by some people.

Be forced by the situation and show courage.

There is less truth in the wine.

Pua, the wine table, fell to no solution after some controversy.

"Peach, plum, spring breeze, a glass of wine, the night rain in the rivers and lakes for ten years."

I like these two poems very much, and I have no interest in them.

Try your best to maintain the lively scene of being drunk and hot.

Only the ten years of being in wine have deep feelings and heavy meanings.

Just like yellow rice wine, it tastes light and rough.

With the passage of time, the oxidation of wine body

Over the years, it has become more fragrant and mellow.

This is a gift of time, a gift of soil and water.

It is also a gentle and elegant rice wine, and it is easy.

Well-preserved jar-packed yellow wine has a long shelf life.

The same is true of the long-lasting love in the world.

After the fermentation of time and space, it becomes more and more precious.

Don’t drink too much, a little tipsy is better than getting drunk

May you drink just for fun.

Drunk, drunk, don’t forget the age.

Thank you for your patience. You saw the end.

The next preview of "the most city THECITY"

Nirenfa

Visual | Nickname Lost Writing | Roadside Leek Banana Editor | Roadside　

　

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Nowadays, fast services such as online ticket purchase and mobile payment are loved by more and more people, but there are hidden consumption traps behind the convenience. Recently, a large number of consumers broke the news that when buying train tickets on some third-party platforms, they always encounter the situation that train tickets are bundled and checked by default. According to the clues provided by consumers, the reporter had an experience on some commonly used third-party ticketing platforms.

　　　　　　 The reporter opened the ticket purchase page of Tongcheng Yilong train ticket in WeChat applet and chose a second-class high-speed rail ticket between Beijing and Tianjin. The fare display was 54.5 yuan. But when the reporter submitted the order, the price automatically became 77.5 yuan. What about the extra 20 yuan? Most users may not know that they bought a preferred service at the same time. Only after clicking on the preferred service can they see the extra 20 yuan high-speed ticket. Moreover, this high-speed ticket is hidden deeply, and it is difficult to find it without careful search. The reporter manually cancelled the overcharged 20 yuan, only to find that the routine of bundling sales by merchants did not end. Just as the reporter was preparing to pay, the page showed that the total order amount was 66.5 yuan, and it was indicated in small red letters that 2 yuan had been offered. It turns out that the system has checked the special service of so-called high-quality users with the train ticket discount coupon *4 by default, so that the cost is higher than the actual fare of 54.5 yuan in 12 yuan. Once consumers find that they have overcharged when they enter the payment stage and want to cancel the additional service manually, the system will display that the trip is repeated and automatically jump to the original order. Can these unintentionally purchased products and services be cancelled? To this end, the reporter telephoned Tongcheng Yilong customer service.

　　　　　　 Tongcheng yilong customer service: "yes, we can help you return it here. Please show me the mobile phone number you booked, and I will check it for you."

　　　　　　 For some time, through consumer complaints and industry rectification, the after-sales service of some travel apps has been adjusted and improved accordingly. However, it is also the general mentality of many consumers to tolerate giving up the choice of overcharge because of the small amount and fear of complaints.

　　　　　　 Consumer: "I think if it’s only a few tens of dollars, maybe we won’t handle it too much, unless the change is particularly great."

　　　　　　 Then, do other third-party ticketing platforms also have the phenomenon of bundled sales? The reporter booked a second-class high-speed rail ticket from Shanghai Hongqiao to Beijing South Railway Station on Mama Donkey APP, and the ticket’s face price was 553 yuan. When the reporter clicked Submit Order, the total order amount was 623 yuan. In the process, the reporter did not check any additional items. After clicking on the details, the reporter found that there is a 50-yuan "VIP Lightspeed Ticket Package", which includes the exclusive fast return and change service, SMS reminder service, and the so-called gift coupons for 10 yuan train tickets and 25 yuan pick-up and drop-off. These extra "packages" are all checked by default. If the consumer doesn’t take the initiative to cancel, the extra fee will be paid together with the ticket money.

　　　　　　 Subsequently, the reporter chose the second-class high-speed train ticket from Shanghai Hongqiao to Beijing South Railway Station on the Tuniu APP on the same day, and found that there was something fishy. After the fare of 553 yuan, the 30 yuan pick-up station coupon was added in small font.

　　　　　　 Through a series of experiments, the reporter found that on online travel apps such as Tongcheng Yilong, Mama Donkey, Tuniu, etc., there are widespread phenomena of bundled consumption of train tickets and default check. When the order is finally paid, there will be more expenses such as quick ticketing, insurance service, hotel coupons and car rental vouchers for no reason. For these expenses, the platform has not made obvious consumption tips.

　　　　　　 How do consumers deal with the "default tying" situation that is common in third-party ticketing platforms? The reporter randomly selected some Beijing citizens.

　　　　　　 Consumer: "One is insurance, the other is a refund, and the other one seems to be the one who booked the ticket, so it can be expedited. If you are insured, you may be excusable. If you want that, you will speed up the booking. I feel quite deficient. You have as many tickets as you originally had, right? "

　　　　　　 Consumer: "I met it when I ordered it from those softwares, but I usually take a look at it. You can check it." It is generally cancelled, but it may be accidentally paid when you are not paying attention. "

　　　　　　 The paid service options of some ticketing platforms are deeply hidden, and consumers are easily "routined" and spend money inexplicably.

　　　　　　 Consumer: "It should have a hint. Some people may say that if they don’t need it, they will just order it. If there is no hint, it will be inexplicable. Sometimes they may not find it for a long time."

　　　　　　 Consumer: "We young people have extra tens of dollars for this, we can find it in time and cancel it, but for many middle-aged and elderly people, they may not find it, and then they will be cheated of these tens of dollars."

　　　　　　 Consumer: "If it is really not checked, we will buy it, then maybe I will call customer service, talk to him about it, ask him to give me an explanation, or return the part we don’t need."

　　　　　　 [Expert opinion] Default tying infringes on consumers’ rights and interests.

　　　　　　 In this regard, legal experts made it clear that it is illegal for businesses to default to tying to infringe on consumers’ rights and interests. Many laws, such as the Anti-Monopoly Law, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, the Consumer Rights Protection Law and the E-Commerce Law to be implemented next year, have clearly regulated the tying behavior of merchants.

　　　　　　 Taking the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests as an example, Article 8 stipulates that consumers have the right to know the real situation of the goods they buy or use or the services they receive; Article 9 stipulates that consumers have the right to choose their own goods or services. This also means that consumers have the right to choose to accept or refuse to buy any goods, and they should clearly know the products or services they want to buy when placing an order, rather than being misled by the merchants.

　　　　　　 Jian Chen, director of the Legal and Theoretical Research Department of China Consumers Association, said: "Article 26 of the Consumer Law has special provisions on format clauses, which clearly inform consumers of some related information, such as the price of goods and services, and some important information related to consumers’ interests. Moreover, there is also a provision in it, which means that when you use the format clause, you can’t use technical means to hide and force the transaction at the same time. "

　　　　　　 Zhu Wei, deputy director of the Communication Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said: "The E-commerce Law that has just been passed and will be implemented soon has clear provisions on the prohibition of tying. Tying does not mean that it is 100% impossible. The prerequisite is that consumers must be fully informed of the existence of tying behavior, and then consumers should be given a free choice on the basis of respecting their free choice and fair trade rights."

　　　　　　 In fact, it is understandable to charge a certain fee for providing value-added services. As long as consumers agree, tying is sometimes a more convenient way to buy. However, experts said that if the merchants use the smoke screen method to muddle through and set the default consent option for consumption, so that consumers unconsciously spend money, it will infringe on consumers’ right to know and free choice, which is actually an extremely short-sighted marketing behavior.

　　　　　　 During the interview, the reporter learned that many consumers have long been wary of the bundling and tying routines of online travel platforms.

　　　　　　 Experts remind that if consumers choose a third-party platform to purchase tickets, they must pay more attention, check it many times, and don’t click on payment easily. If you buy unnecessary services and products, you can keep the corresponding evidence through screenshots and negotiate with the merchants. If negotiation fails, you can complain to the market supervision department or consumer rights protection organization, or you can directly bring a lawsuit in court.

　　　　　　 In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the vast number of passengers, the website of China Railway Customer Service Center 12306 made an announcement on its official website as early as 2015, reminding passengers to directly log on to the website of 12306 or the mobile client of 12306 to purchase tickets, and not to purchase tickets through third-party purchasing websites and mobile clients, so as to avoid the inability to refund or change tickets online because the purchasing party fraudulently uses other people’s information, which will affect travel; Remind passengers not to provide personal information to third-party websites and mobile phone clients to avoid risks caused by personal information disclosure.

　　In June, many print shops in universities began to get busy. Papers are printed and bound from here, and the eyes of college students around the machine are full of expectation, comfort and a little relief. Those who can walk into the print shop are the "winners in life" in this graduation thesis season, because they have finally reached the final step of graduation thesis completion.

　　In the dormitory next to the printing shop and in the library not far away, many students are still revising their papers over and over again. The hot topic "How strict is the duplicate checking of papers" in Weibo, which has a reading volume of 150 million, is all their voices. Last year, after the university entered the "strict era", the auditing standards for graduation thesis in colleges and universities have improved a lot. Therefore, this essay season is much more difficult for many college students than in previous years.

　　Strict word is the first word, and the paper "paddling" has become a past tense.

　　"Are you sleeping? But I can’t sleep while I’m writing a paper. " Many students sigh in the circle of friends late at night.

　　Qu Weiwei, a master graduate from a university in Hunan Province, found that this year’s graduation season was more difficult than last year.

　　"The school obviously has much higher requirements for graduate students than last year. Our paper duplicate checking standard is 20%. Even if the paper didn’t meet the duplicate checking standard before, it can be changed to more than 30% ‘ Paddle ’ Passed, but now it is stuck 20%. " Qu Weiwei said.

　　As early as last September, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Paying Close Attention to the Implementation of the Spirit of the National Conference on Undergraduate Education in Colleges and Universities in the New Era, emphasizing that colleges and universities should comprehensively sort out the teaching contents of various courses, eliminate "water courses", create "gold courses", strictly control the exit of graduation, and resolutely cancel the "clear examination" system.

　　In October of the same year, the Opinions on Speeding up the Construction of High-level Undergraduate Education and Comprehensively Improving Talents Training Ability (hereinafter referred to as "40 Articles on Higher Education in the New Era") issued by the Ministry of Education clearly stated that the whole process management of graduation design (thesis) topics selection, topic opening and defense should be strengthened, and the form, content and difficulty should be strictly monitored to improve the quality of graduation design (thesis). Strengthening the management of undergraduate graduation project (thesis) is a measure to pay close attention to undergraduate education and teaching.

　　This year’s graduation season, many colleges and universities have strengthened their management on "strict out". In April, Tsinghua University released the latest revised "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Administrative Provisions on Disciplinary Actions of Students in Tsinghua University", in which the remarkable change is that the punishment for academic misconduct has been increased, and the plagiarism of dissertations can be expelled from school. The original punishment was to give "the above punishment."

　　On May 6th, the Academic Affairs Office of Emei Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Checking the Duplicate of Graduation Design (Thesis) in 2019, which shows that the duplicate checking of graduation design (Thesis) will increase the comparison database of college students’ theses (including this one). If students from the same department and school are found to plagiarize from each other, the Academic Affairs Office will start the investigation procedure, and the situation will be dealt with strictly.

　　In addition, the school also requires teachers and students to sign a "commitment letter", promising that they have studied the Measures for Dealing with False Dissertations by the Ministry of Education, the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Strictly Investigating the Sale and Writing of Dissertations in Colleges and Universities, etc., and strictly implement the requirements of the Ministry of Education and the school on the management of graduates’ student status, curriculum assessment and graduation design (thesis) documents.

　　"In the past, because of the wide policy, we can use Taobao, which is not accurate but affordable, to check the weight, but now it is required to be based on HowNet, and each check needs more than 200 yuan." Qu Weiwei said.

　　Behind the word "Yan", the pain in the essay season is usually "lack of cultivation"

　　For many college students, the "difficulty" of the thesis season is the whole process, from the topic selection to the thesis defense.

　　In the view of Wang Xudong, a senior student in the School of Computer Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, writing the paper itself is not the most difficult, but the experimental part in the paper. He said that at the beginning of his graduation project, the topic selection and opening defense were relatively simple, but he was still secretly "glad" when he encountered a series of troubles.

　　"Because of a small formula error, hundreds of calculation results were all invalid, and a week’s efforts fell short. Every time I finally made new progress, I took it to discuss with my teachers and seniors, and then I found myself making many low-level mistakes, so I had no choice but to start all over again. In addition, because my graduation project is a theoretical research, I can’t prove the theoretical results through rigorous experiments with my current ability. This is also a problem I have encountered, that is, there is no strong practice to support the theoretical conclusions. "

　　Yu Zhenyuan, a senior graduate of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, said that the graduation process was "extremely difficult". "I need to use a more complicated test-bed for my graduation experiment, but any link of this test-bed will go wrong. We have to fix it from beginning to end. In the experiment, what I don’t know accounts for the majority, and what I can really understand accounts for the minority. My data are very strange. "

　　In addition to the hardware itself, accurate chemical experiments also have high requirements for personal operation. On the morning of the interview with China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter, Yu Zhenyuan broke the instrument due to operational errors, which made him very upset.

　　Regarding the "pain" of college students in the graduation thesis season, Xu Fei, president of Southwest Jiaotong University, said in an exclusive interview with China Youth Daily and Zhongqing Online reporter that "students have problems in knowledge, ability and expression, and graduation thesis writing makes these problems gather together, which leads to the misery of students."

　　Xu Fei believes that the quality of college students’ graduation thesis is not high at this stage, which is mainly reflected in the lack of solid knowledge, the lack of depth and comprehensive ability of students to master theory, and the poor ability of independent thinking, investigation and research, problem solving and analysis, which leads to the lack of novelty, depth and innovation in the research topic of graduation thesis.

　　"If a student usually does well, he should not feel very painful when writing a paper. Instead, the paper should be a stage for him to show himself." Xu Fei said.

　　What abilities can solve the problem of "paper difficulty"

　　In recent years, many experts and college teachers have said that the poor quality of college students’ graduation thesis is mainly due to their lack of study and training in scientific writing, which leads them to write their graduation thesis for the first time in their lives. Students don’t know where to start, instructors are miserable, and the quality of papers is often not high.

　　In this regard, Xu Fei believes that it is necessary to improve students’ scientific writing level, and senior undergraduate students should set up relevant elective courses to teach students how to conduct scientific research and academic writing, or give guidance to students on how to write graduation thesis through academic lectures.

　　Last year, Qiu Yong, president of Tsinghua University, announced the opening of "Writing and Communication" course for freshmen in 2018, which is expected to cover all undergraduates by 2020, and strive to provide courses and guidance for graduate students. This has aroused widespread concern in society. At the end of May, Tsinghua University Writing and Communication Teaching Center issued a notice for recruiting teachers, and recruited 10 more teachers for outstanding scholars, postdoctoral students and fresh doctoral students at home and abroad.

　　It is reported that the course adopts two parallel modes: one credit and two credits. What each class teaches together is mainly the paradigm of reasoning writing and how to modify and perfect an article. More specifically, it mainly includes choosing the topic, sorting out the ideas of the article, establishing the logical structure, checking and modifying the grammatical errors, elegant expression, etc., but the topic is chosen by the students themselves. It is not mandatory to use uniform teaching materials in the course, but the consistency of training requirements in the whole process is important.

　　Peng Gang, a professor in the history department of Tsinghua University and director of the Academic Affairs Office, once said that writing training should first be thinking training. "It is very important for students to find a problem and think from different angles. If you want to write, you must first learn to think, and learn to think methodically and hierarchically. This is also the highest standard I expect: the writing course not only exercises students’ writing ability, but also enables students to ‘ Open your eyes ’ General course ".

　　As for the students’ "miserable" in the graduation thesis season, Xu Fei thinks that there are several reasons besides the lack of writing ability.

　　From the students’ point of view, they usually have a lot of knowledge, but they are not solid enough to learn, and there is a phenomenon of superficial and superficial. Students rely too much on search engines in their daily study, and there are deficiencies in memory and independent thinking. "Everything is at your fingertips, and everything has an answer. Students will feel ‘ Why am I still studying ’ This is a big misunderstanding. "

　　On the other hand, students’ knowledge is fragmented, not structured, organized and systematic, and they have not incorporated other people’s knowledge into their own knowledge system. This leads to students being "dumbfounded" when they finally need organized text presentation.

　　Moreover, "many schools are short of teachers, and teachers put more energy into scientific research. In terms of teaching, the energy put on undergraduates is different from that put on master students and doctoral students. Undergraduates are the group with the least energy input from teachers, which is also an important reason for the difficulty in writing students’ papers. "

　　Xu Fei believes that although from the perspective of academic degree regulations, undergraduates are not like master students and doctoral students, they have to submit papers to obtain their degrees, but it is necessary to adhere to the practice of requiring undergraduates to submit graduation papers. "Graduation thesis can comprehensively show and test students’ mastery of what they have learned and their ability to solve practical problems by using what they have learned. It is more important for undergraduates to write graduation thesis, from topic selection to data collection, to paper organization, writing, revision and final drafting, which is the most basic process of academic research and academic training".

　　"Graduation thesis is the last big homework for students." Xu Fei said.

　　(At the request of the interviewee, Qu Weiwei and Yu Zhenyuan are both pseudonyms.)

　　China Youth Daily Zhongqing Online Reporter Sara Ye Intern Ye Wei

　　Xinhua News Agency, China Photo Agency and Nut Projection Light up the Star Map of China.

　　On this year’s Qixi Festival (August 4th), China Photo Agency jointly organized a special activity of "Lighting up the Star Map of China-Lighting up Greater Bay Area" with JMGO Nut Projection. The theme of the activity is "romantic starry sky companionship", which aims to advocate people to spend more time with their families, relatives and friends in modern life, return to nature and embrace nature.

　　At the event site, nut projection CPO Wang Xiaoyi Will not only shared the possibility that electronic products can provide people with wisdom and warm companionship, but also brought a special projection product: nut ultra-short focal O1S.

　　Different from the household projection we have seen before, the nut O1S can be cast on the wall, ignoring the space requirements, which means that for small-sized consumers and renters, you can also enjoy the big-screen viewing experience in the bedroom. On the system level, Nut O1S has added a companion mode to the original viewing mode. The rhythm of light and shadow creates an immersive scene experience, and the personalized wall is different. Musical rhythm adds more atmosphere. The new projection gameplay makes Nut O1S an ultra-short focus projector not only a projector, but also a "companion".

　　Leading the nut projection in science and technology industry for continuous innovation

　　Looking back, the development of nut projection is a history of projection innovation. Since the first product equipped with intelligent system (nut A1) was founded and released in 2011, nut projection has been the leading position of projection technology for eleven years. For example, in 2014, the first Nut G1, which integrates Bluetooth speaker, intelligent system and electric focusing, allowed more families to incorporate projection into required appliances; In 2018, Nut X3 and Nut U1 were released, opening a new era of 4K; In 2020, from the nut G9 with non-inductive autofocus to the nut J10 with automatic obstacle avoidance and automatic screen alignment, the intelligence will enter the public’s field of vision adaptively. In 2021, Nut created a brand-new ultra-short focus category. As the first ultra-short focus projection equipped with dual-mode system, Nut O1 can enjoy a big-screen life in a small space.

　　In the face of numerous industry innovations and initial launches, nut O1S is just a "insignificant" link in the whole innovation history of nut projection.

　　The New Revolution of Nut’s New N1 Series Projection Experience

　　Despite the fruitful innovation, nuts have never stopped on the road of innovation. This time, nuts have set their sights on the "telephoto projection" category. Different from the previous stereotype that telephoto projection can’t catch up with TV and the use conditions are harsh, the Nut Projection N1 series brings a brand-new projection experience. Through the core self-developed MALC? Three-color laser optical machine combined with Leica for color adjustment and integrated pan-tilt projection technology have solved two major pain points that have long plagued projection consumers-poor image quality and poor convenience.

　　Master the core technology by self-research, and let household projection enter the era of tricolor laser.

　　From being monopolized by overseas brands to being captured by domestic brands in the opposite direction, the competition in the home projection market has already become fierce, and the dispute over homogenization parameters has become a thing of the past, and domestic manufacturers have entered the stage of fighting for technology and products. In this context, nuts focus on technology research and development. After two years of spending tens of millions, nuts have successfully developed their own "MALC mesh krypton?" Tri-color laser optical machine has successfully solved the three big problems: cost, volume and speckle, which block the application of tri-color laser in the field of home projection, and brought about a revolution in image quality for home projection.

　　Objective Krypton optical machine has three core technologies: modular laser stacking technology, the first patented LSR dynamic speckle dissipation technology, and a 400-zone four-layer compound eye homogenizing system.

　　Modular laser stacking technology solves the problem of high cost and large volume of three-color laser. Each projection of Nut Projection N1 series is equipped with three leading 9-chip (4R3G2B) lasers (laser model is NUMB12T), which improves the optical efficiency by 10%, reduces the volume by 40%, improves the heat dissipation performance by 10%, and brings 110% BT.2020 color gamut performance.

　　The first patented LSR dynamic speckle elimination technology can eliminate the speckle problem caused by tricolor laser in a targeted way, and surpass the mainstream level of the industry to achieve more than 95% speckle elimination.

　　The 400-zone four-layer compound eye light homogenizing system can realize two-stage area light splitting, and through the two-stage homogenization of angle and plane, it can realize the fine light homogenizing of about 45,000 tiny areas, and the uniformity can exceed 95%, and at the same time, it can improve the uniformity of brightness and color remarkably.

　　Thanks to the krypton optical machine, Nut N1 has made a new breakthrough in image quality. The brightness of 4000ANSI lumens makes household projection fearless in the daytime. The color gamut coverage of 110%BT.2020 is more than that of 10,000 yuan TV, and the contrast ratio of 1600: 1 is three times that of LED projection. The parameters alone have surpassed all household display devices in the market.

　　Integrated pan/tilt, home projection ushered in the first complete form

　　If we say that solving the problem of "poor image quality" makes telephoto projection "look cool", then we must solve the problem of "poor convenience" of telephoto projection and let users "use it cool". Nut Projection N1 series is an original PTZ projection, which integrates the PTZ design used only for drones and mobile phones into the projection equipment, making the triviality a thing of the past and jointly creating a pluralistic and free lifestyle.

　　Nut projection can be controlled by one hand through the self-developed ultra-thin two-axis pan-tilt structure, and it can easily rotate and hover freely, covering all use scenes from the corner to the ceiling, whether sitting or lying down, and realizing free viewing at will.

　　The morphological words of Nut N1 series not only stay in the physical structure, but also deeply combine the gradient correction and focusing algorithm in the projection, which brings a brand-new cloud desktop picture correction. When the projection is rotated, the correction algorithm has already acted, and the picture at any angle can be clear at all times. Different from other projections, which start to correct the picture after the movement, Nut N1 series really achieves the real-time picture calibration and experiences the unburdened projection life. According to Nut, the ultimate mission of picture calibration of PTZ projection is to make consumers forget the concepts of keystone correction and focusing in the projector, just as watching TV never needs these picture calibration operations.

　　With the nut self-developed ultra-thin two-axis pan-tilt structure and pan-tilt picture calibration algorithm, the nut projection N1 series will be the first equipment with complete projection form.

　　It can be seen that the N1 series of Nut Projection will continue its leading position in projection technology for eleven years. As pioneers rather than followers of the industry, we have reason to believe that Nut Projection will continue to pursue breakthroughs and be brave in innovation in the field of science and technology, and will lead China science and technology enterprises to a broader stage in the near future.

Text | Zhang Shule (columnist of People’s Daily Online and People’s Post and Telecommunications, observer of Internet and game industry)

The song list of Netease cloud music is gray, and it has been cured.

On September 14th, Netease Cloud Music announced that it has reached a strategic cooperation with Bertelsmann Music Group (hereinafter referred to as BMG). The two parties will cooperate in music copyright, deep development of music IP, music performance and online karaoke.

BMG owns the recording rights of singers such as Avril Lavigne and Rolling Stones, as well as the lyrics and songs of a large number of outstanding music creators.

Since 2020, in order to reverse the unfavorable copyright situation, Netease Cloud Music has gradually entered the former copyright hinterland of Tencent Music, and has successively reached cooperation with copyright parties such as Universal Music, Ghibli, Shaocheng Times, Rolling Stone Records, Indie Works, BPMT(BPM Tokyo) and CUBE Entertainment.

On the afternoon of May 15th, Netease Cloud Music recently announced that it had reached a copyright cooperation with Shaocheng Times, and its artists included Liang Bo, Diamond and other famous Chinese singers.

Four days ago, Netease Cloud Music just reached a strategic cooperation with the world-renowned Warner Copyright. The two sides will carry out all-round cooperation in the upstream and downstream fields of the music industry such as music library content, online karaoke and music IP development.

It is reported that after the cooperation is reached, Netease Cloud Music will get the copyright of 1.3 million music songs by Warner. These include internationally renowned superstars such as Katy Perry and Madonna, and the copyright of lyrics and songs of many Chinese musicians such as Jonathan Lee and Jolin Tsai.

In domestic online music, can Netease Cloud Music, with its own efforts, "pry three" and MAU ranking fourth, save itself?

I have to say that although Netease Cloud Music has been at a disadvantage, on the whole, its community stickiness is extremely high.

Online music has changed from a multi-headed war to a double-headed hegemony between Tencent Music and Netease Cloud Music.

However, it must be said that this competition for hegemony has started from the field of copyright to more meta-competition.

After all, the music platform itself doesn’t produce much music, and the competition for copyright eventually became cheaper for the record companies that started from the ground.

For Netease Cloud Music, Chen Ting, a reporter from Time Weekly, had an exchange with Shule. Being original thought:

Netease Cloud Music’s song list is small and vertical, and its main purpose is to leave the core users who are really obsessed with music and have certain tasting ability, and prepare for the subsequent promotion of originality.

Song sheet is the killer of cloud music, and it is still the cornerstone of cloud music community and its own original content.

Without a song list, online music with more copyrights is just a player.

Netease Cloud Music has the power of World War I in the future track competition by focusing on the community and differentiated competition through the song list.

According to the report of Aurora Big Data, in June 2019, Netease Cloud Music added 758,000 users every day, with a 7-day user retention rate of 73.5% and a 30-day user retention rate of over 60%. Lachin and retention performed well, indicating that users are willing to stay in the music community.

But how to further cultivate is a problem.

Before, its song list did have a community tendency, but even in the period when copyright issues were not fermented, it was still a niche vertical and it was difficult to expand.

Netease is small and beautiful, the main purpose is to keep the core users who are really obsessed with music and have certain tasting ability, and prepare for the subsequent promotion of originality.

It has a good grasp of this rhythm, but it also needs money and time to be original, and it still has a long way to go. In addition, under the impact of the network divine comedy, this road to quality has become very subtle.

According to the data released by Netease Cloud Music in April, its original musicians have settled in more than 160,000. It looks like a lot, but it is still thin in the face of a huge music library.

In addition, the copyright war should not return to fever pitch.

Otherwise, it’s just a player with copyright to make money for copyright owners.

In this regard, Ding Lei has another expression, that is, he said in February: "We hope to return to a reasonable and rational price in the future."

Whether it is Tencent Music or Netease Cloud Music, in the future, the two sides will no longer continue to fight for copyright, but will each find a new way. The copyright advantage is only the initial point of contention.

In April, Tencent Music Entertainment officially released the long audio strategy, and launched a new product, Cool I Listen, which provides long audio including 19 content categories such as audio novels, cross talk storytelling and emotions.

The reason is that Shule’s consistent judgment is that at this stage, the realization of online music platform can not rely solely on content payment, but needs to be integrated into more fields of pan-entertainment, such as short video soundtrack, game music production and authorization.

Let content creators in more fields, including music creators, unlock more possibilities in content by authorizing music.

Nowadays, on the basis of retaining users, it will become a general trend to develop more scenes and find more profit points, such as music peripheral products and music licensing of short videos.

On October 22nd, at the "What’s Off-road"-tank autumn technical conference held by Great Wall Motor, the grading standard of enterprise off-road was publicly announced for the first time. In this landmark grading evaluation, Tank 300 was successfully classified as a strong off-road grade by virtue of its hard-core strength, after testing in four dimensions, 20 performances and 70 indicators. Coincidentally, in the past September, Tank 300 stood out with 96.5 points in the off-road test list released by the professional media, and successfully ranked among the top six, keeping pace with many high-end and well-known hard-core off-road models from overseas. The outstanding performance of Tank 300 fully proves that the brand of off-road vehicles in China has been among the top in the world, which shows the strong strength of off-road vehicles in China.

Tank 300: Strong off-road, hard power

The reason why Tank 300 can occupy a place in strong off-road is mainly due to its excellent off-road technology and careful design in terms of safety, reliability and durability. Among them, the vertical non-decoupling architecture and the "three locks" are undoubtedly the two core technical highlights, which laid a solid off-road foundation for them.

First of all, the tank 300, with its vertical non-decoupling architecture, realizes direct and efficient power transmission and efficient control of four-wheel power distribution. At the same time, the tank 300 built on the vertical platform is equipped with a 2.0T engine and an 8AT/9AT gearbox, with uniform counterweight, smooth driving and stronger power output when off-road, ensuring excellent stability and passability in various complex terrains and easily coping with various challenges.

Secondly, the tank 300 is equipped with a "three-lock" part-time 4wd system, which is a sharp weapon for its off-road extrication. By controlling the power distribution, it is ensured that when one wheel is in trouble, the differential lock can lock the wheel, ensure the other wheel to obtain torque, and realize the stable output power of a single wheel, thus helping the vehicle to extricate itself from difficulties and easily coping with various challenges.

In terms of safety, reliability and durability, the tank 300 also performed well. A large number of 1500Mpa ultra-high strength steel was used in the body structure to ensure less deformation when it was hit. At the same time, with double pre-tensioned seat belts, OPW front and rear integrated side air curtains and active safety configuration, it not only ensured the safety and comfort of drivers and passengers, but also further improved the off-road performance and reliability of the tank 300. Not only did it get 3G1A results in the collision test of China Insurance Research Institute, but it also got five-star safety certification in ANCAP, Australia, which was superior to Jeep herdsman and Land Rover Range Rover in the same period.

To sum up, the tank 300 can not only easily cope with the terrain with complex and changeable adhesion, but also be comfortable in desert, mountain, snow and other complex environments, meeting the diverse needs of deep off-road enthusiasts and becoming a truly strong off-road vehicle in their hearts.

The common choice of cross-country enthusiasts around the world

Since its listing, the market share of Tank 300 has far exceeded that of well-known luxury off-road brands at home and abroad, and its global sales have quickly exceeded the 370,000 mark. In the past September, Tank 300 still maintained a steady sales momentum, with 7,804 vehicles sold in a single month, ranking first in China off-road SUV for 45 consecutive months, and becoming a benchmark in the domestic off-road market. While occupying a place in the domestic market, Tank 300 has successfully entered the international market and made a big splash on a global scale.

At present, the footprint of Tank 300 has spread all over Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Australia, South Africa and other countries, as well as North Africa, Central and South America and other places. Winning wide acclaim and trust from users around the world not only provides excellent product experience, but also highlights the technical strength and influence of China brand in the global automobile market.

Behind the Off-road of the Top 300 Tanks: the crystallization of the deep accumulation and innovation breakthrough of Great Wall Motor

It is based on this background and strength that the tank 300 is well-deserved to be classified as a strong off-road grade in off-road classification, which is not only an affirmation of the tank 300 itself, but also a direct embodiment of Great Wall Motor’s deep accumulation and innovation breakthrough in off-road field. Great Wall Motor has been deeply involved in off-road field for 34 years, and has accumulated rich off-road experience and technical strength from early pickup trucks to later SUV models. As the representative of the third generation of off-road vehicles in the Great Wall, Tank 300 perfectly combines powerful off-road performance with intelligent and comfortable experience, breaking the inherent impression of users that traditional hard-core off-road vehicles are not luxurious, uncomfortable, intelligent, exquisite, fashionable and high fuel consumption, and leading the off-road vehicle market into a new era.

In the future, with the continuous exploration and deep cultivation of Great Wall Motor in the off-road field, Tank 300 will continue to optimize its product performance and constantly refresh the benchmark model of off-road products in China. In addition, Tank 300 will continue to explore overseas markets such as North China and ASEAN with the strong cross-country attitude of, and provide excellent products for global customers, so that the world can see China off-road and China can see tanks off-road.

After repeated exposure by the media, "naked loan" has entered the field of vision of more and more people. Xiao Jing (a pseudonym), a sophomore girl in a vocational school in Hefei, borrowed money to spend money with her boyfriend through "naked loan" and ended up in a quagmire. The principal borrowed for personal use is less than 50,000 yuan, less than one year, and the loan principal owed has reached 300,000 yuan, and the total principal and interest is more than 500,000 yuan. After he couldn’t afford the money, his photo of naked ID card was exposed to the Internet, and his family’s phone calls were also blasted by debt collection calls. As a last resort, the family is selling the only house for repayment while calling the police.

Event: Girls spend a lot of money on boyfriends, nude photos mortgage high-interest loans.

Some time ago, a netizen broke the news on Weibo, saying that Xiao Jing, a sophomore girl in a vocational college in Hefei, had been missing for a week on the grounds that she only loved the investment in cold light whitening instruments, mortgaged her nude photos and forged her father’s guarantee, defrauding and absconding with money. At present, there have been many victims of fraud. Weibo Middle School also exposed the photos of girls with "naked" ID cards, and their home address, school dormitory address, major, contact information of parents, school teachers and even classmates were all announced one by one, and Weibo immediately caused an uproar.

According to the contact information in the picture, the reporter contacted Xiao Jing’s father, Zhang Xu (a pseudonym). He told the reporter that Weibo’s disclosure was false except that his daughter forged her own guarantee. "She did owe a lot of money outside, but she didn’t cheat." Zhang Xu told reporters that her daughter had a boyfriend in her freshman year without telling her family, which cost a lot and her family was average. When she had no money, she borrowed money through the online lending platform by means of "naked loan", and the principal was as high as 300,000 yuan. There were as many as 59 online lending platforms and lenders who had "loans" with her. "Most of this 300,000 yuan is not borrowed, but borrowed to repay the debts owed in the previous period. In this way, robbing Peter to pay Paul, resulting in more and more debts. The real money she borrowed for her own use was almost less than 50,000 yuan, and the result was less than one year. Now the total principal and interest is more than 500,000 yuan. " Zhang Xu told reporters that the weekly interest rate of her daughter’s "naked loan" loan is as high as 3 points, and "the interest of 10,000 yuan a week is as high as 3,000 yuan."

Multiple creditors are not allowed to spread their photos and other privacy when collecting debts.

Xiao Jing first borrowed money through "campus loan". Later, the more money he borrowed, the less he could pay, so he had to use the naked loan to "borrow and support the loan". Through her father, she stressed to reporters that these so-called "victims" who claimed to cheat money were not their own so-called partners, but all lenders. They exposed their photos online in order to force her to pay off her debts.

In fact, after Xiaojing’s overdue payment, the object of the lender’s forced debt has spread to people around her. Some lenders exposed her information in the post bar of Xiaojing’s school, and even sent false messages to her classmates. Even those who have contacted her in the last three months have received these false information. In addition to Xiao Jing, the lives of Zhang Xu and other family members were also "disturbed" by the phone calls of the debtors. "On average, more than 30 dunning calls can be received every day, and there are 15 at least one day." Zhang Xu said. "Now that things have gone out, my daughter is under great pressure. I am now in contact with these lenders to see if I can repay the principal first and then compensate some interest. " Zhang Xu said that most lenders are better. "There are six or seven lenders who are not very talkative. They posted photos of my daughter on Weibo, and rumors that she lost contact after fraud are also among them." Zhang Xu said, "My daughter is still wet behind the ears, and she realizes that she has made a mistake. What I can do now is to minimize the impact of these photos on her future life. Give her another chance. "

Father is going to sell the house to pay off debts and has reported to the police station.

Zhang Xu works as a driver in a private enterprise, earning more than 4,000 yuan a month. His wife charges in the local vegetable market, and he gets more than 1,000 yuan a month. There is also a young son who has just entered the fifth grade at home, and his life is already difficult. In order to pay back the money, he began to borrow money, and he begged his colleagues, neighbors, relatives and friends all over again. Because of the high interest rate, the debt is still snowballing. In desperation, Zhang Xu decided to sell the house she lived in online. "How can a normal family sell the only house? The current economic situation of our family is really collapsed. " He said.

At present, Mr. Zhang has reported to the police station in the jurisdiction that his daughter’s photo was exposed to the Internet by the other party, and the police are investigating the matter.

In the interview, Zhang Xu told reporters that around her daughter, this kind of campus loan in the form of "naked loan" is very rampant. "In a very well-known 211 university in Anhui, a student used to borrow money through’ naked loan’, and the principal and interest were more than 100,000 yuan. Later, it was not available, and the family knew it. I tried to pay her back. At present, she is lending money to others, and my daughter has borrowed money from her. "

Zhang Xu told reporters that after contacting the lender, "she is also a good person, and for the sake of conscience, she reduced part of my daughter’s debt."

Zhang Xu said that the harm of "naked loan" is very far-reaching. The reason why he stood up for an interview with reporters was to warn other students in the society, including their parents, to recognize the true face of this "campus loan" and not to be deceived again. "As parents, it is especially important to supervise their children’s behavior on campus and their financial situation. Educate children to be diligent and frugal, and spend according to their abilities. " Zhang Xu hopes that there will be fewer victims like her daughter in the future.

Statement: operating campus loans without a license violates the crime of illegal business.

Lawyer Zhu Zheng of Anhui Zhongtianheng Law Firm told reporters that they have also seen this kind of rights protection case in which private photos were leaked on the Internet due to "naked loan", and the final result was that the lender was convicted for spreading obscene articles. According to Zhu Zheng, if "campus loan" is not individual and sporadic, but organized and large-scale normal lending, it belongs to the category of lending business. If there is no relevant license, it may violate the crime of illegal business in the Criminal Law. According to its introduction, on August 24th this year, four ministries and commissions, namely China Banking Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security and Network Information Office, officially issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Business Activities of Information Intermediaries in peer-to-peer lending, which will definitely have a strong regulatory and governance effect on online loans such as campus loans. At present, the status quo is that after the introduction of this method, many campus loan business forms have changed from the legal situation to being directly characterized as illegal. "Many campus loans have disappeared."

(The original title is "Naked Debit", and the nude photos of sophomores are exposed.)

　　[Global Times Comprehensive Report] "Nearly 15% of Irish adults have been raped, and one-third of them have experienced some form of sexual violence." A recent study in Ireland is surprising. According to a report in the Irish Times on the 25th, the survey on the probability of sexual violence in Ireland analyzed the data of 1,020 voluntary respondents. The definition of rape in this study mainly refers to the behavior of the perpetrator’s genitals entering the victim’s vagina, anus or mouth. The study found that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men had been raped, and about 31% Irish adults said they had been sexually harassed to varying degrees.

　　At the same time, there is a significant gender gap between the victims. The results show that 49% of women have been sexually assaulted or harassed, while the probability of male victims is 19%. Among the interviewees who have experienced sexual violence, about 8.5% said that sexual assault occurred in childhood, 15.8% in adolescence and 16.7% in adulthood. (He Shan)

1905 movie network news The daughter of a senior musician died of a rare disease in 2021 at the age of 22. After his daughter died of illness, Bao Xiaobai became bald overnight because of the pain. In order to reunite with his daughter across time and space, in 2022, he began to study for a doctoral degree and study the AI ? ? reconstruction heritage technology.

The emergence of ChatGPT has set off a global AI wave. After repeated attempts and training, Bao Xiaobai recreated the "digital daughter" as he wished. Bao Xiaobai successfully restored her daughter’s voice by using three dialogues left by her daughter before her death.

Bao Xiaobai said in an interview that a family of three sang a birthday song together on his wife’s birthday a few days ago. "AI is a tool for pinning thoughts and an expression of thoughts."　He admits that although some people may not understand his approach, it is a simple wish for him: to hear his daughter’s voice again and to preserve her perfect image and voice in the digital world.

Bao Xiaobai’s "resurrection" of his beloved daughter with AI can’t help but remind people of the movie, in which Tu Hengyu, a quantum scientist whose daughter Yaya was resurrected with "digital life", which just shows the meaning of "digital life": crossing life and death and reliving family ties.

Judging from the origin of the story and folklore, the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not a model of positive love story. Only under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day, many people call Tanabata the ancient Valentine’s Day in China because of the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl Meeting". The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with being selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools for a long time.

Special Stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Meet at the Magpie Bridge"

Ancient origin: Cowherd and Weaver Girl are all negative images.

Limited by the underdevelopment of science and technology, in the eyes of the ancients, the sky is supreme and the stars are personalized. The stars in the vast universe have also become gods with personality consciousness, worshipped and believed. Vega has always been personified as the image of "Bai Fu Mei". "Historical Records Tianguan Book": "Weaver Girl, Goddess Sun Ye." "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicle of Heaven": "Weaver girl, the son of heaven is a true girl." The Samsung across the Milky Way from Vega is called River Drum Star. The three stars of the river drum are arranged in a straight line, and the middle one is extremely bright. The whole image is like a cowherd carrying a son and a daughter, so the people are also called the shoulder pole star, which is more like a cow. Therefore, it was later equated with Petunia, such as "Er Ya Shi Tian": "The North Pole is called Beichen, and the drum is called Petunia."

stellar map

The origin of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong, it is said: "There is a Han in Wei Tian, and there is light in prison. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Even though the weaver girl is busy, she doesn’t weave a good Stripe. Give him a cow, not a box. " Among them, there are records about the Weaver Girl and the Petunia Stars, which have always been regarded as the germination and embryo of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. The images of "Weaver Girl" and "Petunia" in the poem are quite negative: Weaver Girl doesn’t weave, Petunia doesn’t drive, and emphasizes that Petunia and Weaver Girl are in name only, thus satirizing the behavior of nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty who get something for nothing.

The further clarification of the relationship between the legend of Niu Nv and Qixi in the Han Dynasty is inevitably related to the advocacy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to train the water army, Kunming Pool was dug in Doumen, Chang ‘an. On both sides of the pool, there are statues of cowherd and weaver girl, and Kunming pool is used to symbolize Tianhe. Ban Gu’s "Xidu Fu" "There are two stone people in Kunming Pool, who are like cows and weaver girls." During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the two stars were further personified, and there was an unfortunate plot of the marriage of the Weaver Girl. Nineteen Ancient Poems in the Han Dynasty wrote: "The Altair is far away, and the Jiaojiao River is a Chinese woman. ….. The river is clear and shallow. How much difference does it make? Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse is speechless. " By the time of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties, Yin Yun wrote the first complete version of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Novel, "There is a Weaver Girl in the east of Tianhe, and the son of the Emperor of Heaven is also there. Every year, the loom labors, weaving into a brocade dress, and the appearance is too messy. The emperor pitied him for being alone and promised to marry a cowherd in Hexi. After marriage, he abandoned weaving. The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered to return to Hedong, but it was held once a year. " The story explains the tragedy of their marriage, and the annual meeting has become a model of faithful love.

However, according to the text data of Yunmeng Qin Bamboo Slips unearthed in Hubei, the original prototype of the touching love story between Cowherd and Weaver, the daughter of Tiandi, is the marriage tragedy that Cowherd abandoned Weaver many times. "Wu Shen, Ji You, pulling the cow to take the weaver girl, failing, three abandonment." "Wu Shen, Ji You, pull the cow to take the weaver girl and fail. If you are not three years old, you will abandon it." Different from the legend of later generations, their separation was not caused by external interference, but by the man’s change of heart. People look up at the starry sky, and two bright stars twinkle on both sides of Tianhe, so they imagine that these two stars may be a couple. The husband abandoned his wife, and the wife looked at the "ungrateful person" on the other side of Tianhe affectionately. Why does the separation of Altair and Vega in the sky become a symbol of the tragedy of marriage between men and women on earth? Looking through the Book of Songs, we will find some social tragedies that reflect the change of heart of men and the abandonment of their wives in a patriarchal society, such as Ye Feng Gu Feng, which "turns an Jiang Le to a woman" and "turns an Jiang Le to a legacy"; "Wei Feng for self-protection", "the banquet of the general angle, laughing and laughing, swearing, not thinking about the opposite."

　

Folklore: It is a helpless move for the weaver girl to marry the cowherd.

The embryonic form of the myth of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" was established in the Han Dynasty, and the myth of Cowherd and Weaver Girl was widely spread among the people through the rendering of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the story plot and characters have been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family system has become more stringent, and the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has also incorporated these elements.

In quite a few versions, the combination of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not the true love that most people know now. Cowherd was able to cross the family line and marry the "Bai Fumei" Weaver Girl, which was caused by stealing the fairy clothes under the guidance of the old cow. After marriage, Weaver Girl mostly managed to get the fairy clothes back and escape from the world. There are 18 articles in China Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl and Folk Literature Volume edited by Chen Yongchao.

Various versions of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before the founding of the People’s Republic of China

Legend of China Cowherd and Weaver Girl

These stories often use words such as "had to" and "forced" when describing the marriage of the Weaver Girl to the Cowherd. For example, it is most clearly expressed in The Silly Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which is circulated in Shijiazhuang. "The Silly Cowherd is in a hurry and says that the Weaver Girl doesn’t love the same flesh and blood, and she is absolutely heartless. Weaver girl even cursed the silly cowherd:’ You are not a thing! Who told you to take my clothes and force me to get married! You have harmed me and a pair of children, which are all your sins!’ "It can be seen that the combination of the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd is out of helplessness. It is in the case that the Weaver Girl was stolen from the fairy clothes and could not return to heaven, and the Cowherd saw the body, so she had to stay on earth and marry the Cowherd. They originally lacked the emotional foundation of mutual consent, which laid a hidden danger for the Weaver Girl to escape to the sky and their marriage broke down.

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Stealing Clothes and Becoming Attached"

There is also a plot worthy of attention in many stories, that is, the plot of Niu Lang’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife". This just proves that the weaver girl has no love for the cowherd, and she was forced to marry and have children with the cowherd-the fairy clothes were hidden. There are 20 articles in "The Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in China Folk Literature Volume" that contain the plot of "hiding clothes to prevent wives". Cowherd’s attitude towards Weaver Girl is more than guarding against theft. He took the initiative, or listened to the old cow’s instructions, and hid the fairy clothes of Weaver Girl in a secret place to prevent her from escaping. Cowherd’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife" comes first, which has become an important prerequisite for the weaver girl to abandon her husband and children and flee to heaven. For example, in "Meet at the Que Bridge" written by Panshi, Jilin Province, "The Cowherd carries the Weaver Girl on his back and buries her long-sleeved shirt under the stone beside the door". This precaution even lasts into the daily life after marriage. In The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in Shijiazhuang, the Cowherd "guards the Weaver Girl in the dark, always afraid that she will run back to the sky".

Stories of hiding clothes and defending wives in many versions

Judging from the existing literature, the earliest literature record about drawing a river was also drawn by Weaver Girl. Gong Mingzhi’s "Notes on the Middle Wu Dynasty" in the Song Dynasty: "Kunshan County is east, and the place name is Huanggu. From father to father, it is said that there is a weaver girl and Altair descended here. The weaver girl rowed the river with a golden grate, and the river overflowed, so the petunia could not cross it. "

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Chasing Wife with a Burden"

The pursuit of free love is the theme after the transformation.

In fact, the image change of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is the result of the continuous transformation of myths and legends by national emotions, and the elements of the times are constantly added. This has always been the case since ancient times. The version we are familiar with at present is more the result of the transformation of operas such as Tianhe Pei after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which has established the theme of labor, love and anti-feudalism. Cowherd became the representative of working people’s image, Weaver girl became the representative of pursuing free love, and Queen Mother became the representative of feudal parents.

The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with its long-term selection in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools.The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was first selected as a middle school Chinese textbook in 1955, and was personally adapted from folklore by Mr. Ye Shengtao, then president of People’s Education Publishing House. The adapted legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl still retains the original story form of swan virgin, fairy ordinary man and two brothers in structure, but it has made great changes in thought. The most important change is to eliminate the negative images of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, and to highlight the persecution of young men and women by the old ethics and the old system. The story implies the persecution of lovers by feudal paternalism "parents’ orders, matchmakers’ words", and the persecution of cowherd by feudal hierarchy (the fairy is different) and patriarchal clan system (the old and the young are orderly).

These reservations and adaptations are reflected in the content. The reserved plot includes the persecution of Cowherd by his brother and sister-in-law. "My brother and sister-in-law treated him badly, told him to eat leftovers, wear rags and sleep in the cowshed at night." The plot of returning clothes is an important part of changing the nature of the story. Cowherd not only did not hide his clothes, but also refused to return them. When the Cowherd heard the Weaver Girl ask where the clothes were, he also took the initiative to return the gauze clothes to him. "When the Cowherd heard this, he came out of the Woods and held the gauze clothes in his hands and said,’ Don’t worry, girl, your clothes are here’" … After listening to the Weaver Girl’s words, the Cowherd said,’ Girl, since there is nothing good in the sky, you don’t have to go back. You can work, and I can work. Let’s get married and live together for life. " The weaver girl thought for a moment and said,’ You are right. Let’s get married and live together.’ "In this case, the Weaver Girl took the initiative to stay, belonging to two people with emotional foundation. As for this version of the Queen Mother, it is completely the image of a vicious old lady. "She went to the Cowherd’s house in person, and it happened that Cowherd was working in the field, so she grabbed the Weaver Girl and walked out. Seeing the old woman angrily pulling her mother away, the Weaver Girl boy ran to hold her clothes. The Queen Mother gave a hard push and the child fell to the ground. "

The Images of Cowherd, Weaver Girl and Queen Mother in Comic Books

Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, most people learned and passed on the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl by word of mouth, so the versions had different themes. Nowadays, most people know the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl through written texts, mostly based on the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl adapted by Ye Shengtao in Chinese textbooks, which is an important factor affecting people’s cognition of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Ye Shengtao’s adaptation could have been accepted by the public, which met the social needs of abolishing the old ethics and pursuing equality, especially the pursuit of free love after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and also satisfied the people’s long-hidden dream of a fairy.

Today, customs such as "begging for cleverness" on Qixi, which is closely related to ancient needlework, have lost their original soil. The beautified fairy tale of the meeting between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is still widely circulated. These make modern people make a wrong judgment-Qixi is an ancient Valentine’s Day. In today’s Chinese Valentine’s Day, merchants take the opportunity to engage in promotion, and the media will not hesitate to report on the layout; On the other hand, matchmaking agencies took the opportunity to engage in friendship, and even local women’s organizations joined the team of friendship matchmaking for fear of being left behind. The reason for this situation is that I don’t know the original custom of Tanabata and the original story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. The reason is probably a series of phenomena caused by contemporary commerce under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day. Have you noticed that even Christmas Eve and Christmas in the west are packaged by China businessmen as the day when men and women meet?

References:

Zhou Yuxian: Inheritance and Evolution of Cowherd and Weaver Girl Literature in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Capital Normal University, March 2009.

Li Chao: Another Probe into the Image of the Weaver Girl —— On the Negative Image of the Weaver Girl in the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Story, Folk Culture Forum, August 2012.

Qi Lingyun: Gender Conflict and Discourse Power —— On the Evolution of the Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before and after the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Folklore Research, No.5, 2014.