In the interview, I said that I think I am quite stupid.

　　Four days after the release, Li Yang wrote a letter of apology to fans and sincerely said "I’m sorry to disappoint you".

　　Li Yang is writing an apology letter to the fans.

　　On February 2nd, the film "The Blind Road" was released, and Li Yang said that it was quite appropriate to release a film directed by the second director on such a "second" day.

　　Under the impact of several Spring Festival movies, Blind Road, which was released for six days, was not optimistic in several Spring Festival movies released at the same time. The proportion of film arrangement is 0.21%. As Li Yang said in an interview, "I have no expectations for the box office. I only hope that people with thinking can see this film. " Some fans criticized "the lack of sharpness, the warmth, and the dubbing of lines." Some fans questioned, "Where is the style that used to be as sharp as a scalpel? Why has Blind Road become so warm?" "Is Li Yang the last of Jiang Lang" and so on.

　　In the face of criticism from fans, Li Yang wrote a letter of apology to the fans. In the letter of apology, Li Yang wrote: "I admit that I made a lot of changes and compromises to meet the audience for this film. Many places are not satisfactory, and I am not very satisfied with this "Blind Road". I know you expect me to make movies as powerful as The Furnace and Su Yuan. Here I would like to make a deep bow to my fans and say I’m sorry! I let you down! !”

　　During the filming process, Li Yang used his little savings and mortgaged to borrow money to shoot Blind Road. During the filming period, the funds were broken and he was on the verge of bankruptcy. Finally, with the help of his good friends, entrepreneurs Su Tong and Guo Yukuan, and a famous entrepreneur who didn’t want to sign, he completed the production of Blind Road. Everyone saw some unnatural "Uncle Liang" in the film. Because of his low salary, the actor who promised to play suddenly changed his mind and didn’t have time and capital to find another actor. Li Yang went into battle himself and finished a film written, directed and acted by himself.

　　When I saw Li Yang in the interview, I almost called him "Uncle Liang". Li Yang revealed that the "stepfather" in the film is the prop master of the crew, and the "criminal Guo Wei’s wife" is the record of the crew. They have never acted.

　　Director Li Yang is on the set.

　　In an interview, Li Yang expressed his anxiety, "I’m worried that the film hasn’t been finished and the money has run out." Li Yang is very honest. He invested his own money to make a film, so it can’t be due at last. The film was not finished, so the crew couldn’t afford to pay. "

　　Can The Blind Road Measure Li Yang’s Real Strength?

　　Blind Tao tells a story of redemption and self-redemption. Jingjing, a blind girl, has been controlled by a human trafficking gang headed by Guo Wei, begging for money on the street. Jingjing and Zhao Liang encounter, and they repel each other and guard against each other. Through a series of warm stories, they move each other and get together. Jingjing is a blind girl who was sexually assaulted by her stepfather, trafficked and begged in the street. Zhao Liang was a once brilliant rock singer who killed his daughter because of drinking, went to prison, and after he was released from prison, his heart was blocked and he was unwilling to communicate with the outside world. The encounter between them made each other feel the warmth of human feelings and realized the process of self-redemption.

　　Jingjing played by Du Hanmeng in the stills of Blind Road

　　I once talked to my friend about Li Yang, and my friend asked, "Which Li Yang? Crazy English Li Yang? " Li Yang should have become a legend, but now he is still a minority.

　　A director who won the German Silver Bear Award, in China, outsiders may not be familiar with Li Yang. But when it comes to Tsui Hark’s "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward", everyone knows that Li Yang is the screenwriter behind "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward". As far as storytelling ability is concerned, Li Yang can earn tens of millions by writing plays, but he didn’t do it.

　　Wang Baoqiang "Silly Root" changed his destiny because of his performance in Blind Well, and won the Golden Horse Award for Best Newcomer and the Best Actor Award in French and Thai Film Festivals. Huang Lu also became famous at home and abroad for his excellent performance in Blind Mountain. Later, Wang Baoqiang was chosen by Xiaogang Feng and took part in world without thieves. Later, his works such as Soldiers’ Assault and Man on the Road were well known. On the choice of actors, Li Yang has a keen and professional ability to choose actors.

　　With the film market environment getting better and better, whether writing a script or making a commercial film, Li Yang can make a lot of profitable films with his professional strength and ability to tell stories. However, it took him 16 years to make three minority films, Blind Well, Blind Mountain and Blind Road. Every movie is my own investment, and I can’t make any money in China.

　　In the first twenty years of Li Yang’s debut, only two feature films were left, Blind Well in 2003 and Blind Mountain in 2007. Some reports commented on Li Yang: "These two films alone are enough to occupy a place in the history of Chinese films, because from these two films, we can already see that his narrative talent, sense of social responsibility and criticism of reality have few opponents among contemporary directors."

　　Many fans expect Li Yang to make a movie like The Melting Pot. Li Yang told Entertainment Focus: "I can make a shocking movie like The Melting Pot at the right time and with permission." Under the existing conditions, he really tried his best.

　　Stills of the movie "The Blind Road"

　　It is reported that watching the blind road is like watching the report of Southern Weekend, and the source of the film Blind Road is a report about begging children in China that Li Yang read in Southern Weekend more than ten years ago. Li Yang visited more than half of China, interviewed schools for the blind, chatted with them, and even went to the juvenile detention center to get in touch with the minors who committed crimes, so as to understand their growing environment, and thus understand why these left-behind children committed these unbelievable criminal acts such as robbery, theft and beating. Their hearts are simple and contradictory.

　　If you have the ability to make money from movies, why not make commercial films?

　　When I was a child, my family was superior, and Li Yang, who had grown up in the entertainment industry, made a lot of money making commercial films, both professionally and storytelling. However, Li Yang chose to pay attention to the disadvantaged groups at the bottom, starting with Li Yang’s growing experience.

　　Li Yang was born in a drama actor’s family in 1959, and both his father and mother were drama actors. My father used to support the northwest as an expert. During Li Yang’s one-year-old to eight-year-old years, his family conditions were superior and he was influenced by art since childhood. However, during the Cultural Revolution, Li Yang’s father was persecuted to death, when Li Yang was only 13 years old. Compared with before, Li Yang’s life suddenly fell to the bottom. This also gives Li Yang the opportunity to reach out to the bottom and vulnerable groups, and is more sensitive to social injustice.

　　Mapping to the movie "The Blind Road", Zhao Liang, played by Li Yang himself, is a once brilliant down-and-out rock singer. From his glory to the change of life, it seems that his story is alluded to the movie plot. It is also a challenge to write, direct and perform, and to change roles between actors and directors. In order to save the cost, I have to do it myself. Only this sincerity should make the audience who spit out Li Yang’s acting more understanding.

　　"Blind Mountain" was shortlisted for the "One Concern" unit of the 60th Cannes Film Festival. It tells the story of female college students being trafficked to a French-blind mountain area and rescued many years later. Some reports commented on Lust Caution and Blind Mountain: "If Lust Caution shows the helplessness of the entanglement between men’s and women’s lust and sadness and state affairs through bed play, Blind Mountain is a modern evil expression of the rape of the heroine by all members of the family who are ignorant of law and barbaric."
Li Yang said that the topic of trafficking in women is not new, but he is concerned about the people behind the incident. At the beginning of 2006, Li Yang made a special trip to Chengdu Jintang and Zhongjiang, and spent more than two months interviewing the rescued abducted women’s living conditions and writing a script.

　　This year’s Blind Road has softened a lot, not because of Li Yang’s softening, but because of Li Yang’s compromise to show it to everyone. Otherwise, we may not even have a chance to see it. After the film was released, Li Yang apologized to the audience sincerely. Li Yang wrote in the letter of apology: "The film is not perfect because of economy and various reasons, and there are many regrets. But with the support of my friends, I went against the wind in an era when such flashy, illusory, spoof and hypocritical movies filled cinemas. I am worthy of my conscience and this era.

　　Postscript-It should be a legend, but it is still a niche.

　　Li Yang, who is nearly 59 years old, has bright eyes when interviewed. During chatting, he will also turn sideways to the reporter and say that he can’t hear clearly, so that the reporter can speak louder. We have seen Li Yang’s sincerity to reporters and audiences. It should be said that he is sincere to this era.

　　A former actor and professional director, relying on his own savings, mortgaged his house to make movies, and had no expectations for the box office. Just to let more people know about a social phenomenon. In Li Yang’s view, it is not terrible to have social trauma, but the most terrible thing is to cover it up. Let everyone see that our society will be better if we work together to solve bad things.
The feature of Li Yang’s films is to face reality directly, not to whitewash it.

　　In the film works of the past year, several word-of-mouth films, such as Gangrinboqi and Fanghua, which reflect human nature and are well-received, have appeared. Li Yang believes that fans will become rational and people themselves need spiritual needs. This trend in movies this year is a return of humanity and rationality.

　　The Blind Road is the final work of Li Yang’s "Blind" series. In the future, Li Yang will also make valuable commercial films. As Li Yang said: Our film and television works are not scratching, and movies are cultural products. I am totally opposed to art films and commercial films. All films are commercial films, and they are commodities from the day they are born, but they are commodities with cultural value, and the films themselves are cultural. "

　　Beijing, 19 Jan (Xinhua) Special correspondent Guo Ruihong and reporter Bao Guojun reported: The reporter learned from the just-concluded academic annual meeting and commendation meeting of the Academy of Military Sciences that seven researchers with outstanding contributions were commended and rewarded respectively. Among them, Chen Zhou, a well-known expert in military strategy and national defense policy, and He Lei, a well-known expert in operational command, won the "Ye Jianying Military Research Award" and each won a prize of 80,000 yuan; Five young researchers, including He Renxue, Jiang Tiejun, Shao Jie, Feng Dinghan and Wang Yueli, won the "Military Scientific Research Youth Innovation Award", each with a prize of 40,000 yuan.

　　It is reported that the Academy of Military Sciences undertook a total of 328 planned projects last year, including 239 research projects entrusted by the Central Military Commission and the headquarters. The vast number of scientific researchers have taken on heavy responsibilities, pioneered and innovated, made outstanding contributions to providing theoretical advice for the strategic decision-making of the Military Commission and the headquarters, and have been praised by the Military Commission and the headquarters for many times.

Editor: Cao Jin

I’ll bring this one to you today. Let’s take a look at its performance.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Sylphy. The front face of Sylphy is very round, and the middle net adopts a multi-spoke shape, which looks sporty. Coupled with the steady headlights, the overall look is deep. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, etc. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4631 mm * 1760 mm * 1503 mm. The car uses simple lines, and the side of the car feels very cute. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it gives people a very elegant feeling. In the rear part, the overall shape of the Xuanyi rear echoes the front face, the taillights are very atmospheric, and the layout of the exhaust pipe uses a hidden shape, creating a good gas field.

Sitting in the car, the interior style is very simple and very spirited. The car’s three-spoke steering wheel is simple in shape, equipped with functions such as manual adjustment of the steering wheel up and down, and the shape is very fighting. Let’s take a look at the central control, which is decorated with an 8-inch central control panel, which makes the interior design quite layered and the overall design of the central control is remarkable. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the information reading is simple and clear. The car adopts imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick and comfortable.

Sylphy is matched with CVT gearbox, with an acceleration time of 12.1s per 100 kilometers, which has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

The space performance of Sylphy trunk is ok. If there are big items during the trip, you can put down the rear seats to expand the space. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

The moderate size of the car is a very suitable choice for many families, and the internal space is enough for daily use in families. If you are going to buy a car, you might as well think about it.

　　1. The Amendment to the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) was enshrined in the Constitution through the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought.

　　On March 11th, the Third Plenary Session of the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress formally adopted the Amendment to the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC). This is the fifth revision since the implementation of the Constitution in 1982. There are 21 constitutional amendments passed this time, which embody the major theoretical viewpoints and major principles and policies set by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, embody the new achievements, new experiences and new requirements in the development of the cause of the party and the country, and become an important milestone for China to persist in promoting the rule of law and the rule of law.

　　2. The new state organs and the collective leadership of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference produced the leader of the Republic to take the constitutional oath for the first time.

　　On March 17th, the Fifth Plenary Session of the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress elected the supreme leader as President People’s Republic of China (PRC) and People’s Republic of China (PRC) chairman of the Central Military Commission. From March 14th to 19th, after strict legal procedures, the new state organs and leaders of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference were successively produced, which realized the pattern of alternating old and new party and state leaders determined by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and formed the new state organs and the collective leadership of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. According to Article 27 of the newly revised Constitution, "State functionaries shall take the constitutional oath publicly in accordance with the law when taking office". On March 17th, president, the newly elected supreme leader of the Central Military Commission, became the first leader of the Republic to take the constitutional oath.

　　3、我国隆重庆祝改革开放四十周年 改革开放再出发

　　12月18日，庆祝改革开放40周年大会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在大会上发表重要讲话强调，40年的实践充分证明，改革开放是党和人民大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝，是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必由之路，是决定当代中国命运的关键一招，也是决定实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键一招。大会隆重表彰了100名改革先锋和10名获得中国改革友谊奖章的国际友人。

　　4、深化党和国家机构改革顺利展开

　　3月21日，《深化党和国家机构改革方案》全文公布。这场党和国家机构改革的展开，标志着全面深化改革进入新阶段。这场深刻变革，把“坚持和加强党的全面领导”贯穿始终，贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，着力推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。改革方案公布后仅两天，根据新修订的宪法和刚刚通过的《监察法》而新组建的国家监察委员会就正式挂牌开始运行。两个月后，改革方案中确定的25个新组建或重新组建的部门就全部亮相。

　　5. The central government has taken many measures to promote the development of private economy.

　　On November 1st, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader hosted a private enterprise forum in Beijing and delivered an important speech. He emphasized that the position and role of the non-public economy in China’s economic and social development have not changed; Our policy of unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the non-public economy has not changed; Our policy of creating a good environment and providing more opportunities for the development of the non-public economy has not changed. China’s basic economic system has been written into the Constitution and party constitution, which will not change and cannot be changed. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly put forward six policy measures to vigorously support the development and growth of private enterprises. The state has successively introduced a number of policies and measures to support the development of private enterprises.

　　6. The achievements of home diplomacy are fruitful, showing the demeanor of a big country.

　　In 2018, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader elaborated on the concept of a community of human destiny in four major home diplomatic activities: the 2018 annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia, the Qingdao Summit of the SCO, the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the first China International Import Expo. The first China International Import Expo is the world’s first national-level exhibition with the theme of import, and the China-Africa Forum attended by 54 African members is the largest and highest-standard home diplomatic event held in China so far. In 2018, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader stepped out of the country four times and personally promoted the concept of building a community of human destiny, covering 13 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America and Oceania. In 2018, China formally established diplomatic relations with Dominica, Burkina Faso and El Salvador.

　　7. The People’s Army of the South China Sea military parade shows a new atmosphere.

　　On April 12th, the Central Military Commission held a grand military parade in the South China Sea. This is the largest military parade at sea in the history of New China. In 2018, the people’s army fully implemented the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army and showed a new look. With the approval of the CPC Central Committee, from January 1, 2018, the People’s Liberation Army will undertake the task of raising and lowering the national flag and firing salutes. Since January 1st, the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force has been under the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission. On May 13th, China’s first domestic aircraft carrier began its sea trial. On April 16th, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Veterans Affairs Department was formally established in Beijing.

　　8. Promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and protect the green mountains and green hills.

　　On April 26th, after on-the-spot investigation on the implementation of the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over a symposium to further promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Wuhan and made important instructions, demanding that the restoration of the Yangtze River ecological environment be placed in an overwhelming position, with great protection and no large-scale development, striving to build the Yangtze River Economic Belt into a golden economic belt with more beautiful ecology, smoother traffic, more coordinated economy, more unified market and more scientific mechanism, and exploring a new path of ecological priority and green development. From May 18th to 19th, the National Ecological Environment Protection Conference was held in Beijing. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech, pointing out the direction of promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

　　9. Amendments to the individual income tax law have been introduced one after another through measures to ensure the improvement of people’s livelihood.

　　On August 31st, the fifth session of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the seventh amendment to the Individual Income Tax Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). The amendment has made targeted amendments to the current personal income tax calculation and declaration methods, collection scope and collection methods, and tax relief scope. In 2018, the state launched a number of measures to protect and improve people’s livelihood. On July 1st, the Notice on Establishing the Central Adjustment System of the Basic Endowment Insurance Fund for Enterprise Employees was implemented. By the end of September, there were 46.199 million urban and rural subsistence allowances, and the average standard of urban and rural subsistence allowances increased by 7.6% and 12.9% respectively compared with the same period of last year. On October 1st, the Opinions on Establishing Rehabilitation Assistance System for Disabled Children was implemented. On October 10th, the National Health Insurance Bureau announced that 17 kinds of anticancer drugs were included in the medical insurance reimbursement catalogue. By the end of October, 35,000 children’s supervisors and 452,000 children’s directors had been deployed in various places. In 2018, the number of people participating in basic medical insurance in China exceeded 1.35 billion, and the participation rate was stable at over 95%.

　　10. Strictly investigate the problem vaccine case. Vaccine management enters the legislative process.

　　In July, the problem vaccine case of Jilin Changchun Changsheng Company was exposed, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attached great importance to it and made important instructions. A group of people involved in vaccine cases were severely held accountable, and Changchun Changsheng Company was fined a total of 9.1 billion yuan. On August 7th, the National Health and Wellness Commission and National Medical Products Administration jointly issued the "Vaccination Plan for Rabies Vaccine of Changchun Changsheng Company". On October 16, the implementation plan of vaccine compensation for rabies in Changchun was announced. On November 11th, National Medical Products Administration and the National Health and Wellness Commission promulgated the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Vaccine Management Law (Draft for Comment), and vaccine management entered the legislative process.

According to the incomplete statistics of the Beijing News reporter, as of May 10, 65 home listed companies have released their 2019 annual reports.

　

In terms of revenue and net profit, enterprises in different fields are different, which can be described as mixed. The data shows that among 65 listed companies, 41 companies have achieved double growth in revenue and net profit, and 22 companies have negative growth in net profit. In addition, Yazhen Home, Yihua Life, Yongan Forestry and Dongyi Risheng suffered losses.

　

Among them, the competitive pressure in the home textile industry has increased; The transformation and upgrading of home stores has gradually opened up the road of new retail innovation; The growth rate of customized enterprises has slowed down, and comprehensive strength has become the key to PK; Decoration enterprises are in a difficult situation and are still exploring new online and digital modes. In addition, some wood furniture enterprises have suffered continuous losses and have implemented delisting risk warning.

　

Home textile industry: competitive pressure, some enterprises began to transform and upgrade.

　

In 2019, enterprises in the home textile industry faced greater market competition pressure, and some enterprises began to transform and upgrade. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, from January to November 2019, the domestic output value of enterprises above designated size in China’s home textile industry reached 119.6 billion yuan, a slight increase of 0.44% year-on-year.

　

The Beijing News reporter learned that among the seven listed companies, Duoai, Luolai Life, Fuanna, Vosges, Mercury Home Textiles, Nanfang and Meng Jie, only Duoai has a total market value of over 10 billion, which is 10.54 billion yuan. Followed by Luolai Life and Fuanna, with a total market value of 7.617 billion yuan and 6.314 billion yuan respectively. Nanfang shares ranked last with 1.646 billion yuan.

　

The annual report shows that in 2019, the revenues and net profits of four companies, Duoai, Luolai Life, Mercury Home Textiles and Meng Jie, increased year-on-year, while the revenues and net profits of Fuanna, Vosges and Nanfang decreased year-on-year.

　

Among them, Duoai’s revenue in 2019 was 75.649 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.19%, and its net profit was 835 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.85%. Both revenue and net profit ranked first. For the change of performance, I like to give two reasons. First, in December 2019, I completed the transfer registration procedures of major assets replacement, stock exchange, absorption and merger of Zhejiang Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd. and related transactions, and fulfilled the delivery obligation of the assets. Zhejiang Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd. became a holding subsidiary of the company, and its operating results were included in the scope of company merger. Second, after the reorganization, the company’s business has maintained steady development. The Beijing News reporter observed that the favorite revenue in 2018 was 903 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.61%, and the net profit was 27.7848 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.09%. Compared with 2018, its revenue and net profit growth slowed down significantly.

　

At the same time, the revenue and net profit of Luolai Life, Mercury Home Textiles and Meng Jie also increased year-on-year, with revenue of 4.86 billion yuan, 3.002 billion yuan and 2.604 billion yuan, up by 0.98%, 10.41% and 12.8% respectively. The net profit was 546 million yuan, 316 million yuan and 85 million yuan respectively, up by 2.16%, 10.69% and 119% year-on-year.

　

However, the revenue and net profit of Fuanna, Vosges and Nanfang declined in different degrees. Among them, Fuanna’s revenue was 2.789 billion yuan, down 4.44% year on year, and its net profit was 507 million yuan, down 6.72% year on year. Vosges’ revenue was 4.987 billion yuan, down 3.56% year-on-year, and its net profit was 387 million yuan, down 10.95% year-on-year. Nanfang’s revenue was 905 million yuan, down 10.58% year-on-year, and its net profit was 109 million yuan, down 41.44% year-on-year.

　

From the data point of view, the market competition pressure of home textile enterprises is greater. Compared with the data in 2018, the growth rate of revenue and net profit also dropped significantly. It is worth noting that in 2019, some home textile enterprises began to transform and upgrade, such as the transformation of Luolai Life into a one-stop brand retailer of home life, and the layout of new retail of Meng Jie shares.

　

Customized home: the overall growth rate slowed down, and one net profit showed negative growth for the first time.

　

In 2019, among the nine listed customized home furnishing enterprises, three have a total market value of over 10 billion, namely Oupai Home Furnishing, Sophia and Shangpin home delivery, with a total market value of 46.34 billion yuan, 17.94 billion yuan and 13.72 billion yuan respectively. The total market value of Dinggu Jichuang, which has been listed for more than one year, is 2.089 billion yuan, ranking ninth.

　

The annual report shows that in 2019, nine custom-made home furnishing enterprises still maintained an upward trend, but the growth rate has obviously slowed down. According to the data, Oupai Home Furnishing, Sophia and Shangpin home delivery occupy the first place, with revenues of 13.533 billion yuan, 7.686 billion yuan and 7.261 billion yuan respectively. Oupai Home Furnishing is the only enterprise with revenues of over 10 billion yuan. The net profits of the three companies were 1.839 billion yuan, 1.077 billion yuan and 528 million yuan respectively, and the growth of revenue and net profit did not exceed 18%.

　

The revenue growth rates of Piano, Golden Kitchen Cabinet, Wole Home and Zhibang Home are all above 20%, with year-on-year growth figures of 32.53%, 24.90%, 23.10% and 21.75% respectively. Its net profit increased by 23.33%, 15.37%, 51.24% and 20.72% respectively.

　

It is worth noting that Haolaike is the only one of the nine listed companies with negative net profit growth. In 2019, its revenue was 2.225 billion yuan, up 4.34% year-on-year, and its net profit was 365 million yuan, down 4.63% year-on-year. The Beijing News reporter learned that since its listing in 2015, Haolaike’s net profit has experienced negative growth for the first time. The 2019 annual report shows that the cost investment of Haolaike has increased, and both research and development expenses and financial expenses have increased year-on-year. Haolaike said that the R&D expenses increased by 63.16% compared with the same period of last year, mainly due to the increase in company categories and increased investment in product R&D and design. The financial expenses increased by 193.94% compared with the same period of last year, mainly due to the interest expense of convertible bonds accrued during the reporting period.

　

From the trend of various enterprises, customized enterprises continue to develop integrated business, pursue personalization, and explore new modes of Internet and digitalization. For example, Sophia officially upgraded the brand strategy to "cabinet customization expert", and Shangpin home delivery launched the development strategy of "new model+large-scale scientific and technological infrastructure".

　

In 2019, the customization boom is still unabated, but the growth rate of customized home furnishing enterprises is slowly slowing down. Some industry analysts pointed out that the customized home furnishing industry has entered the second half of competition, and enterprises have made efforts in brands, channels, products and services, and the future PK is comprehensive strength.

　

Wood furniture: Three enterprises suffered losses and were warned of delisting risk.

　

In 2019, wood furniture enterprises were also happy and sad.

　

According to the incomplete statistics of the Beijing News reporter, in 2019, among the 20 listed wood furniture enterprises such as Gujia Home, Daya Icon and Qumei Home, 17 enterprises were profitable. However, three companies suffered losses and were all warned of delisting risks, namely Yazhen Home, Yihua Life and Yongan Forestry, with net profit losses of 125 million yuan, 185 million yuan and 236 million yuan respectively.

　

Among them, Yazhen Home has suffered a net loss for two consecutive years. From April 29, 2019, Yazhen Home implemented a delisting risk warning, and the stock abbreviation was changed to "*ST Yazhen", and it was suspended for one day on April 28, 2019. For the reason of the loss, Yazhen Home explained that due to the domestic economic environment, industry competition and household consumption classification, the revenue did not meet expectations and the overall gross profit margin declined; As well as high costs such as rent and decoration amortization, store sales are still greatly affected by the market environment, the losses of direct subsidiaries have increased, and the impairment losses of some assets have further expanded on the basis of last year.

　

It is worth noting that on January 5, 2020, Yazhen Home also released a plan to issue shares and pay cash to purchase assets and raise matching funds and related transactions. The plan shows that Yazhen Home will reorganize its assets and intends to purchase 100% equity of Jinmei Intelligent held by Bai Xiangfeng and Liu Youhe in total by issuing shares and paying cash. The transaction price does not exceed 1 billion yuan.

　

Contrary to loss-making enterprises, the net profit of Gujia Home, Daya Shengxiang and Zhejiang Yongqiang ranked in the top three, with 1.161 billion yuan, 720 million yuan and 500 million yuan respectively. Among them, Gujia Home is the only enterprise with a total market value of over 10 billion yuan, with a total market value of 24.88 billion yuan. In addition, Gujia’s home furnishing revenue was 11.094 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.95%, and its operating income exceeded 10 billion for the first time. According to the annual report, in 2019, Gujia Home continued to increase the number of channels, continued to enter new properties, expanded new channels such as department stores, B&Q, Suning and Shangchao, and entered more than 100 blank cities. At the same time, the "1+N+X" layout was initially realized, and the store status was fully upgraded to realize digitalization of channel management.

Home Store: "Transformation" Becomes a synonym

　

In 2019, "transformation" became synonymous with traditional home stores, and "big consumption" transformation, digital transformation and immersive experience emerged one after another.

　

According to the annual report, in 2019, the revenues and net profits of three home stores, namely Easyhome, Red Star Macalline and Fu Sen Mei, all achieved double growth. Among them, Red Star Macalline’s revenue was 16.469 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.66%, and its net profit was 4.480 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.05%. Easyhome’s revenue was 9.085 billion yuan, up 7.94% year-on-year, and its net profit was 3.126 billion yuan, up 60.08% year-on-year. Fu Sen US revenue was 1.619 billion yuan, up 13.96% year-on-year, and net profit was 801 million yuan, up 8.97% year-on-year.

　

It is worth noting that Easyhome landed in A shares on December 26, 2019, and its total market value has reached 48.10 billion yuan, temporarily ranking first. The Beijing News reporter learned that since the start of strategic cooperation with Alibaba in February 2018, Real Home has started a new retail exploration journey, and continued to transform into "big consumption" in 2019, with outstanding data performance. Take double 11 as an example. In 2018, the sales of Easyhome exceeded 12 billion yuan, and in 2019, the sales of Easyhome nationwide reached 20.881 billion yuan.

　

Red Star Macalline is also launching new retail. Since May 2019, it has cooperated with Alibaba in many aspects. At the business level, at present, Red Star Macalline’s "Dragon Wing System" has been connected with Alibaba’s "Meow Zero POS System", further making the overall digitalization of people, goods and fields in the home furnishing industry a reality.

　

Household practitioners say that offline chain stores and online operations do online business in order to improve offline customer acquisition ability, and the goal of digital transformation is to make offline ecology prosper.

Decoration: Decoration enterprises explore new online and digital modes.

　

In 2019, it was not smooth for decoration enterprises, and "hardship" became a multi-frequency vocabulary for some home improvement entrepreneurs. According to the data of the annual report, the revenue and net profit of some enterprises also declined to varying degrees, among which one home improvement enterprise suffered losses.

　

According to the incomplete statistics of the Beijing News reporter, among the 13 decoration enterprises, the total market value of Jintang and Yaxia shares exceeds 10 billion yuan, which are 21.85 billion yuan and 13.36 billion yuan respectively. At the same time, the revenue and net profit of Jintang and Yasha also ranked first and second, with revenue of 30.835 billion yuan and 10.786 billion yuan respectively, and net profit of 2.349 billion yuan and 426 million yuan respectively.

　

It is worth noting that Dongyi Risheng’s revenue was 3.799 billion yuan, ranking sixth among 13 decoration enterprises. However, the revenue decreased by 9.62% year-on-year. In addition, the net profit loss was 249 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 198.7%. Dongyi Risheng explained that the decline in revenue was mainly caused by the decline in home improvement business, while the net profit loss was mainly due to the decline in revenue and impairment of goodwill.

　

In addition, the revenue and net profit of some enterprises have also declined. Among them, Baoying’s revenue decreased by 2.61% and its net profit decreased by 26.73%. The revenue of Mingjiahui decreased by 4.18% and the net profit decreased by 53.16% year-on-year.

　

The Beijing News reporter learned that decoration companies are also exploring a new model of online and digital home improvement in 2019. In 2019, Dongyi Risheng insisted on the road of home improvement through science and technology, and used digital means to improve delivery efficiency. At the same time, Qijia. com, the main operator of Qiyi Technology, which is the representative of Internet home improvement, is also promoting the digital transformation of installation enterprises. In 2019, Qijia. com released the 2020 "Torch Upgrade Plan", which screened and supported 1,000 high-quality home improvement enterprises nationwide, and the first batch of 100 star-rated enterprises formed Qijia. com’s "Torch Library" to provide all-round support for selected enterprises, give priority to development and upgrading, and promote the home improvement industry to the Internet and digital form.

　

Cement building materials: the advantages of head enterprises are obvious, and the total market value of five enterprises exceeds 10 billion.

　

In the field of cement building materials, the Beijing News reporter learned that among the seven enterprises including Jinyu Group, Dongfang Yuhong, Sanshu and Jiayu, five enterprises have a total market value of over 10 billion yuan, namely Dongfang Yuhong 61.02 billion yuan, Beixin Building Materials 40.87 billion yuan, Jinyu Group 35.24 billion yuan, Sanshu 21.23 billion yuan and Weixing New Materials 19.81 billion yuan. Among them, Jinyu Group, Oriental Yuhong and Weixing New Materials ranked in the top three, with net profit of 3.694 billion yuan, 2.066 billion yuan and 983 million yuan respectively.

　

In addition, the revenue of Beixin Building Materials increased by 6.03% year-on-year, but the net profit decreased by 82.11% year-on-year. The Beijing News reporter noted that in 2019, the annual report of Beixin Building Materials mentioned that the company’s non-operating expenditure in 2019 was 2.091 billion yuan, compared with 268 million yuan in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 681.33%. In this regard, Beixin Building Materials explained that the main reason for the increase was the increase in attorney’s fees and settlement fees for plasterboard matters in the United States caused by Taishan Gypsum, a company and its secondary subsidiary. It is understood that since 2009, many homeowners and housing construction companies in the United States have filed many lawsuits against at least dozens of gypsum board manufacturers, including Beixin Building Materials and Taishan Gypsum Co., Ltd., on the grounds of gypsum board quality problems.

　

At the same time, the Beijing News reporter noted that the total market value of Jiayu shares was only 2.1 billion yuan, and at the same time, its revenue and net profit showed a double decline. In 2019, Jiayu’s revenue was 3.437 billion yuan, down 19.21% year-on-year, and its net profit was 26 million yuan, down 56.54% year-on-year.

　

The data shows that there is a big difference in revenue and net profit between cement building materials enterprises, and the head enterprise has obvious advantages, while the tail enterprise has disadvantages in competition, so it is necessary to find a breakthrough in innovation.

　

Bathroom industry: the competition is still fierce, and the two companies have negative growth.

　

In 2019, the competition in the bathroom industry is still fierce. At the same time, the whole industry still shows a trend of declining demand at the retail end and intensifying competition at the engineering end. The Beijing News reporter learned that among the six companies involved in Dior Home, Huida Sanitary Ware, Aopu Home, Songlin Technology, Ruierte and Seagull, the difference in their net profits is not great. Among them, the net profit of Dior Home ranked first with 566 million yuan, followed by Huida Sanitary Ware and Aopu Home, with net profits of 329 million yuan and 268 million yuan respectively. Seagull residents are temporarily ranked sixth with 131 million yuan.

　

However, in 2019, among the six enterprises, only the total market value of Dior Home exceeded 10 billion yuan, reaching 11.60 billion yuan, its revenue was 5.57 billion yuan, up 29.29% year-on-year, and its net profit was 566 million yuan, up 48.70% year-on-year. Both revenue and net profit ranked first. For the growth of performance, Dio Home explained that the synergy effect generated by its high integration with Oushennuo is remarkable, and the comprehensive competitive advantage accumulated by Oushennuo’s self-operated projects over the years has been continuously exerted. At the same time, the retail model innovation and channel sinking layout have been continuously carried out, and the overall operation of Dio Home in 2019 has achieved contrarian growth.

　

According to the annual report, sanitary ware and building ceramics are the two main business sectors of Dior Home. Among them, the bathroom sector is the traditional main business of the company and owns the "Emperor" bathroom brand. However, in terms of sectors, its growth is largely driven by the tile sector, and the performance of the bathroom business has shrunk.

　

In addition, Aopu Home and Songlin Technology experienced negative growth in revenue and net profit. Among them, Aopu Home was listed on the A-share market on January 15, 2020, with its revenue down by 2.05% and net profit down by 11.41%. The revenue of Songlin Technology decreased by 1.14% year-on-year, and the net profit decreased by 0.85% year-on-year.

　

It is worth noting that although the net profit of seagull residents was at the bottom of 131 million yuan, its growth rate ranked first, with a year-on-year increase of 212.03%. It explained that in 2019, we will vigorously develop the domestic sales business of our own brands, such as customized bathroom, cabinets and smart homes, and the business results of the integrated bathroom in the previous strategic layout are outstanding. From the trend of various bathroom enterprises, most enterprises are expanding the whole bathroom business.

　

The industry believes that with the upgrading of consumption, consumers’ requirements for quality have gradually increased, which is a good opportunity for brands with high quality. In addition, the concentration of bathroom industry is not high, even the leading brands at home and abroad still have a lot of room for development.

(Data as of May 10, 2020)

　

Beijing News reporter Zhang Jie

Editor Peng Yali proofreads Liu Baoqing.

On October 22nd, at the "What’s Off-road"-tank autumn technical conference held by Great Wall Motor, the grading standard of enterprise off-road was publicly announced for the first time. In this landmark grading evaluation, Tank 300 was successfully classified as a strong off-road grade by virtue of its hard-core strength, after testing in four dimensions, 20 performances and 70 indicators. Coincidentally, in the past September, Tank 300 stood out with 96.5 points in the off-road test list released by the professional media, and successfully ranked among the top six, keeping pace with many high-end and well-known hard-core off-road models from overseas. The outstanding performance of Tank 300 fully proves that the brand of off-road vehicles in China has been among the top in the world, which shows the strong strength of off-road vehicles in China.

Tank 300: Strong off-road, hard power

The reason why Tank 300 can occupy a place in strong off-road is mainly due to its excellent off-road technology and careful design in terms of safety, reliability and durability. Among them, the vertical non-decoupling architecture and the "three locks" are undoubtedly the two core technical highlights, which laid a solid off-road foundation for them.

First of all, the tank 300, with its vertical non-decoupling architecture, realizes direct and efficient power transmission and efficient control of four-wheel power distribution. At the same time, the tank 300 built on the vertical platform is equipped with a 2.0T engine and an 8AT/9AT gearbox, with uniform counterweight, smooth driving and stronger power output when off-road, ensuring excellent stability and passability in various complex terrains and easily coping with various challenges.

Secondly, the tank 300 is equipped with a "three-lock" part-time 4wd system, which is a sharp weapon for its off-road extrication. By controlling the power distribution, it is ensured that when one wheel is in trouble, the differential lock can lock the wheel, ensure the other wheel to obtain torque, and realize the stable output power of a single wheel, thus helping the vehicle to extricate itself from difficulties and easily coping with various challenges.

In terms of safety, reliability and durability, the tank 300 also performed well. A large number of 1500Mpa ultra-high strength steel was used in the body structure to ensure less deformation when it was hit. At the same time, with double pre-tensioned seat belts, OPW front and rear integrated side air curtains and active safety configuration, it not only ensured the safety and comfort of drivers and passengers, but also further improved the off-road performance and reliability of the tank 300. Not only did it get 3G1A results in the collision test of China Insurance Research Institute, but it also got five-star safety certification in ANCAP, Australia, which was superior to Jeep herdsman and Land Rover Range Rover in the same period.

To sum up, the tank 300 can not only easily cope with the terrain with complex and changeable adhesion, but also be comfortable in desert, mountain, snow and other complex environments, meeting the diverse needs of deep off-road enthusiasts and becoming a truly strong off-road vehicle in their hearts.

The common choice of cross-country enthusiasts around the world

Since its listing, the market share of Tank 300 has far exceeded that of well-known luxury off-road brands at home and abroad, and its global sales have quickly exceeded the 370,000 mark. In the past September, Tank 300 still maintained a steady sales momentum, with 7,804 vehicles sold in a single month, ranking first in China off-road SUV for 45 consecutive months, and becoming a benchmark in the domestic off-road market. While occupying a place in the domestic market, Tank 300 has successfully entered the international market and made a big splash on a global scale.

At present, the footprint of Tank 300 has spread all over Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Australia, South Africa and other countries, as well as North Africa, Central and South America and other places. Winning wide acclaim and trust from users around the world not only provides excellent product experience, but also highlights the technical strength and influence of China brand in the global automobile market.

Behind the Off-road of the Top 300 Tanks: the crystallization of the deep accumulation and innovation breakthrough of Great Wall Motor

It is based on this background and strength that the tank 300 is well-deserved to be classified as a strong off-road grade in off-road classification, which is not only an affirmation of the tank 300 itself, but also a direct embodiment of Great Wall Motor’s deep accumulation and innovation breakthrough in off-road field. Great Wall Motor has been deeply involved in off-road field for 34 years, and has accumulated rich off-road experience and technical strength from early pickup trucks to later SUV models. As the representative of the third generation of off-road vehicles in the Great Wall, Tank 300 perfectly combines powerful off-road performance with intelligent and comfortable experience, breaking the inherent impression of users that traditional hard-core off-road vehicles are not luxurious, uncomfortable, intelligent, exquisite, fashionable and high fuel consumption, and leading the off-road vehicle market into a new era.

In the future, with the continuous exploration and deep cultivation of Great Wall Motor in the off-road field, Tank 300 will continue to optimize its product performance and constantly refresh the benchmark model of off-road products in China. In addition, Tank 300 will continue to explore overseas markets such as North China and ASEAN with the strong cross-country attitude of, and provide excellent products for global customers, so that the world can see China off-road and China can see tanks off-road.

Judging from the origin of the story and folklore, the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not a model of positive love story. Only under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day, many people call Tanabata the ancient Valentine’s Day in China because of the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl Meeting". The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with being selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools for a long time.

Special Stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Meet at the Magpie Bridge"

Ancient origin: Cowherd and Weaver Girl are all negative images.

Limited by the underdevelopment of science and technology, in the eyes of the ancients, the sky is supreme and the stars are personalized. The stars in the vast universe have also become gods with personality consciousness, worshipped and believed. Vega has always been personified as the image of "Bai Fu Mei". "Historical Records Tianguan Book": "Weaver Girl, Goddess Sun Ye." "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicle of Heaven": "Weaver girl, the son of heaven is a true girl." The Samsung across the Milky Way from Vega is called River Drum Star. The three stars of the river drum are arranged in a straight line, and the middle one is extremely bright. The whole image is like a cowherd carrying a son and a daughter, so the people are also called the shoulder pole star, which is more like a cow. Therefore, it was later equated with Petunia, such as "Er Ya Shi Tian": "The North Pole is called Beichen, and the drum is called Petunia."

stellar map

The origin of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong, it is said: "There is a Han in Wei Tian, and there is light in prison. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Even though the weaver girl is busy, she doesn’t weave a good Stripe. Give him a cow, not a box. " Among them, there are records about the Weaver Girl and the Petunia Stars, which have always been regarded as the germination and embryo of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. The images of "Weaver Girl" and "Petunia" in the poem are quite negative: Weaver Girl doesn’t weave, Petunia doesn’t drive, and emphasizes that Petunia and Weaver Girl are in name only, thus satirizing the behavior of nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty who get something for nothing.

The further clarification of the relationship between the legend of Niu Nv and Qixi in the Han Dynasty is inevitably related to the advocacy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to train the water army, Kunming Pool was dug in Doumen, Chang ‘an. On both sides of the pool, there are statues of cowherd and weaver girl, and Kunming pool is used to symbolize Tianhe. Ban Gu’s "Xidu Fu" "There are two stone people in Kunming Pool, who are like cows and weaver girls." During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the two stars were further personified, and there was an unfortunate plot of the marriage of the Weaver Girl. Nineteen Ancient Poems in the Han Dynasty wrote: "The Altair is far away, and the Jiaojiao River is a Chinese woman. ….. The river is clear and shallow. How much difference does it make? Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse is speechless. " By the time of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties, Yin Yun wrote the first complete version of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Novel, "There is a Weaver Girl in the east of Tianhe, and the son of the Emperor of Heaven is also there. Every year, the loom labors, weaving into a brocade dress, and the appearance is too messy. The emperor pitied him for being alone and promised to marry a cowherd in Hexi. After marriage, he abandoned weaving. The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered to return to Hedong, but it was held once a year. " The story explains the tragedy of their marriage, and the annual meeting has become a model of faithful love.

However, according to the text data of Yunmeng Qin Bamboo Slips unearthed in Hubei, the original prototype of the touching love story between Cowherd and Weaver, the daughter of Tiandi, is the marriage tragedy that Cowherd abandoned Weaver many times. "Wu Shen, Ji You, pulling the cow to take the weaver girl, failing, three abandonment." "Wu Shen, Ji You, pull the cow to take the weaver girl and fail. If you are not three years old, you will abandon it." Different from the legend of later generations, their separation was not caused by external interference, but by the man’s change of heart. People look up at the starry sky, and two bright stars twinkle on both sides of Tianhe, so they imagine that these two stars may be a couple. The husband abandoned his wife, and the wife looked at the "ungrateful person" on the other side of Tianhe affectionately. Why does the separation of Altair and Vega in the sky become a symbol of the tragedy of marriage between men and women on earth? Looking through the Book of Songs, we will find some social tragedies that reflect the change of heart of men and the abandonment of their wives in a patriarchal society, such as Ye Feng Gu Feng, which "turns an Jiang Le to a woman" and "turns an Jiang Le to a legacy"; "Wei Feng for self-protection", "the banquet of the general angle, laughing and laughing, swearing, not thinking about the opposite."

　

Folklore: It is a helpless move for the weaver girl to marry the cowherd.

The embryonic form of the myth of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" was established in the Han Dynasty, and the myth of Cowherd and Weaver Girl was widely spread among the people through the rendering of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the story plot and characters have been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family system has become more stringent, and the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has also incorporated these elements.

In quite a few versions, the combination of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not the true love that most people know now. Cowherd was able to cross the family line and marry the "Bai Fumei" Weaver Girl, which was caused by stealing the fairy clothes under the guidance of the old cow. After marriage, Weaver Girl mostly managed to get the fairy clothes back and escape from the world. There are 18 articles in China Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl and Folk Literature Volume edited by Chen Yongchao.

Various versions of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before the founding of the People’s Republic of China

Legend of China Cowherd and Weaver Girl

These stories often use words such as "had to" and "forced" when describing the marriage of the Weaver Girl to the Cowherd. For example, it is most clearly expressed in The Silly Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which is circulated in Shijiazhuang. "The Silly Cowherd is in a hurry and says that the Weaver Girl doesn’t love the same flesh and blood, and she is absolutely heartless. Weaver girl even cursed the silly cowherd:’ You are not a thing! Who told you to take my clothes and force me to get married! You have harmed me and a pair of children, which are all your sins!’ "It can be seen that the combination of the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd is out of helplessness. It is in the case that the Weaver Girl was stolen from the fairy clothes and could not return to heaven, and the Cowherd saw the body, so she had to stay on earth and marry the Cowherd. They originally lacked the emotional foundation of mutual consent, which laid a hidden danger for the Weaver Girl to escape to the sky and their marriage broke down.

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Stealing Clothes and Becoming Attached"

There is also a plot worthy of attention in many stories, that is, the plot of Niu Lang’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife". This just proves that the weaver girl has no love for the cowherd, and she was forced to marry and have children with the cowherd-the fairy clothes were hidden. There are 20 articles in "The Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in China Folk Literature Volume" that contain the plot of "hiding clothes to prevent wives". Cowherd’s attitude towards Weaver Girl is more than guarding against theft. He took the initiative, or listened to the old cow’s instructions, and hid the fairy clothes of Weaver Girl in a secret place to prevent her from escaping. Cowherd’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife" comes first, which has become an important prerequisite for the weaver girl to abandon her husband and children and flee to heaven. For example, in "Meet at the Que Bridge" written by Panshi, Jilin Province, "The Cowherd carries the Weaver Girl on his back and buries her long-sleeved shirt under the stone beside the door". This precaution even lasts into the daily life after marriage. In The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in Shijiazhuang, the Cowherd "guards the Weaver Girl in the dark, always afraid that she will run back to the sky".

Stories of hiding clothes and defending wives in many versions

Judging from the existing literature, the earliest literature record about drawing a river was also drawn by Weaver Girl. Gong Mingzhi’s "Notes on the Middle Wu Dynasty" in the Song Dynasty: "Kunshan County is east, and the place name is Huanggu. From father to father, it is said that there is a weaver girl and Altair descended here. The weaver girl rowed the river with a golden grate, and the river overflowed, so the petunia could not cross it. "

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Chasing Wife with a Burden"

The pursuit of free love is the theme after the transformation.

In fact, the image change of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is the result of the continuous transformation of myths and legends by national emotions, and the elements of the times are constantly added. This has always been the case since ancient times. The version we are familiar with at present is more the result of the transformation of operas such as Tianhe Pei after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which has established the theme of labor, love and anti-feudalism. Cowherd became the representative of working people’s image, Weaver girl became the representative of pursuing free love, and Queen Mother became the representative of feudal parents.

The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with its long-term selection in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools.The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was first selected as a middle school Chinese textbook in 1955, and was personally adapted from folklore by Mr. Ye Shengtao, then president of People’s Education Publishing House. The adapted legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl still retains the original story form of swan virgin, fairy ordinary man and two brothers in structure, but it has made great changes in thought. The most important change is to eliminate the negative images of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, and to highlight the persecution of young men and women by the old ethics and the old system. The story implies the persecution of lovers by feudal paternalism "parents’ orders, matchmakers’ words", and the persecution of cowherd by feudal hierarchy (the fairy is different) and patriarchal clan system (the old and the young are orderly).

These reservations and adaptations are reflected in the content. The reserved plot includes the persecution of Cowherd by his brother and sister-in-law. "My brother and sister-in-law treated him badly, told him to eat leftovers, wear rags and sleep in the cowshed at night." The plot of returning clothes is an important part of changing the nature of the story. Cowherd not only did not hide his clothes, but also refused to return them. When the Cowherd heard the Weaver Girl ask where the clothes were, he also took the initiative to return the gauze clothes to him. "When the Cowherd heard this, he came out of the Woods and held the gauze clothes in his hands and said,’ Don’t worry, girl, your clothes are here’" … After listening to the Weaver Girl’s words, the Cowherd said,’ Girl, since there is nothing good in the sky, you don’t have to go back. You can work, and I can work. Let’s get married and live together for life. " The weaver girl thought for a moment and said,’ You are right. Let’s get married and live together.’ "In this case, the Weaver Girl took the initiative to stay, belonging to two people with emotional foundation. As for this version of the Queen Mother, it is completely the image of a vicious old lady. "She went to the Cowherd’s house in person, and it happened that Cowherd was working in the field, so she grabbed the Weaver Girl and walked out. Seeing the old woman angrily pulling her mother away, the Weaver Girl boy ran to hold her clothes. The Queen Mother gave a hard push and the child fell to the ground. "

The Images of Cowherd, Weaver Girl and Queen Mother in Comic Books

Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, most people learned and passed on the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl by word of mouth, so the versions had different themes. Nowadays, most people know the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl through written texts, mostly based on the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl adapted by Ye Shengtao in Chinese textbooks, which is an important factor affecting people’s cognition of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Ye Shengtao’s adaptation could have been accepted by the public, which met the social needs of abolishing the old ethics and pursuing equality, especially the pursuit of free love after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and also satisfied the people’s long-hidden dream of a fairy.

Today, customs such as "begging for cleverness" on Qixi, which is closely related to ancient needlework, have lost their original soil. The beautified fairy tale of the meeting between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is still widely circulated. These make modern people make a wrong judgment-Qixi is an ancient Valentine’s Day. In today’s Chinese Valentine’s Day, merchants take the opportunity to engage in promotion, and the media will not hesitate to report on the layout; On the other hand, matchmaking agencies took the opportunity to engage in friendship, and even local women’s organizations joined the team of friendship matchmaking for fear of being left behind. The reason for this situation is that I don’t know the original custom of Tanabata and the original story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. The reason is probably a series of phenomena caused by contemporary commerce under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day. Have you noticed that even Christmas Eve and Christmas in the west are packaged by China businessmen as the day when men and women meet?

References:

Zhou Yuxian: Inheritance and Evolution of Cowherd and Weaver Girl Literature in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Capital Normal University, March 2009.

Li Chao: Another Probe into the Image of the Weaver Girl —— On the Negative Image of the Weaver Girl in the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Story, Folk Culture Forum, August 2012.

Qi Lingyun: Gender Conflict and Discourse Power —— On the Evolution of the Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before and after the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Folklore Research, No.5, 2014.

Jing Huan Fa [2023] No.18

All relevant units:

　　In order to thoroughly implement the Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Further Standardizing the Establishment and Management of Administrative Discretion Benchmarks (Guo Ban Fa [2022] No.27) and the Implementation Opinions of Beijing Leading Group Office for Promoting Administration by Law on Further Standardizing the Establishment and Management of Administrative Discretion Benchmarks (Jing Yi Administration Fa [2023] No.4), and standardize the implementation of the administrative licensing discretion benchmark system, According to the Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment and other laws and regulations, and in combination with the actual work of environmental impact assessment supervision in this Municipality, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment has studied and formulated the Benchmark of Beijing General Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Approval Discretion, which is hereby issued.

　　One,The eco-environmental departments of all districts (including the Administrative Examination and Approval Bureau of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone), as well as the Management Committee of Beijing City Sub-center and the Management Committee of Beijing Daxing International Airport Airport Airport Economic Zone (Daxing), which undertake the responsibility of environmental impact assessment and approval, may refer to the relevant requirements of this notice to examine and approve the environmental impact assessment documents of construction projects.

　　Second,This notice shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and the Notice of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Items of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects (Jing Huan Fa [2021] No.11) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　I hereby inform you.

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecological Environment　　　　

November 17, 2023　　

Benchmark of Beijing General Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Approval Discretion

　　I. Basic elements

　　1. Name of administrative licensing item: environmental impact assessment and approval of general construction projects.

　　Step 2 Set the basis

　　(1) Article 19 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law

　　(2) Article 3 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　(3) Article 19 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law

　　(4) Article 18 of the Air Pollution Prevention Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　(5) Article 18 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution.

　　(6) Article 17 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste.

　　(7) Article 24 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Noise Pollution Prevention Law.

　　(8) Article 6 of Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects

　　3. Exercise hierarchy

　　The basis for the division of authority at the municipal and district levels:

　　(1) Decision of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Exercising Part of Administrative Power and Handling Part of Public Services by the Management Committee of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone (Beijing Zhengfa [2019] No.23)

　　(2) Decision of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on the Administration Committee of Airport Economic Zone (Daxing) of Beijing Daxing International Airport and relevant departments of Daxing District Government to exercise some administrative powers to handle some public service matters (J.F.F. [2020] No.22).

　　(3) Decision of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on the exercise of a number of municipal administrative powers by some key functional area management agencies and relevant departments of the district government (No.27 [2021] of Beijing Municipality)

　　(4) Catalogue of Construction Projects under the Management Authority of Environmental Impact Assessment Documents of Beijing Bureau of Ecology and Environment (2022 edition) (Notice No.7 of Beijing Bureau of Ecology and Environment, 2022)

　　(5) Decision of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on the exercise of a number of municipal administrative powers by some key functional area management agencies and relevant departments of the district government (Beijing Zhengfa [2023] No.4)

　　Second, the licensing conditions

　　1. The type of construction project and its location, layout and scale are in compliance with environmental protection laws and regulations and relevant statutory plans;

　　2. If the environmental quality of the region does not meet the national or local environmental quality standards, the measures to be taken by the construction project can meet the requirements of regional environmental quality improvement target management;

　　3. The pollution prevention measures adopted by the construction project can ensure that the pollutant discharge reaches the national and local discharge standards, and take necessary measures to prevent and control ecological damage;

　　4 renovation, expansion and technical transformation projects put forward effective prevention and control measures for the original environmental pollution and ecological damage of the project;

　　5. The basic data of the environmental impact report and the environmental impact report form of the construction project are true, and there are no major defects or omissions in the content, and the conclusion of the environmental impact assessment is clear and reasonable;

　　6. The construction project conforms to the industrial policies of the state and this Municipality and the requirements related to cleaner production, and the industrial construction project adopts cleaner production technology with less energy and material consumption and less pollution, and makes rational use of natural resources;

　　7. Construction projects take measures to control the discharge of major pollutants, and the discharge of pollutants meets the requirements of the state and this Municipality for total pollutant control.

　　Third, the application materials

　　1. Application for approval of environmental impact assessment documents of construction projects;

　　2 construction project environmental impact report (table);

　　3 on the construction project environmental impact assessment documents to delete the information should not be disclosed;

　　4. Description of public participation (environmental impact statement project);

　　5. Complete environmental impact report (form) (publicity draft);

　　6. Letter of Commitment for Informing Environmental Impact Assessment (Informing the project for approval).

　　Iv. Intermediary service (optional)

　　1. Name of intermediary service: preparation of environmental impact report of construction project (table)

　　2. Set the basis for intermediary services

　　(1) Article 19 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　(2) Article 13 of Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects

　　3. Agency providing intermediary services: technical unit of environmental impact assessment.

　　4. The charging nature of intermediary services: operating service charges (market-adjusted prices).

　　V. Examination and approval procedures

　　1. The applicant’s application;

　　2. Acceptance/rejection by the examination and approval authority;

　　3. Accepting publicity;

　　4. Technical assessment (carried out in some cases);

　　5. On-site inspection (carried out in some cases);

　　6. Examination by the examination and approval authority;

　　7. To review the publicity;

　　8. Hearing (in some cases);

　　9. Approval/disapproval by the examination and approval authority;

　　10. Announcement of approval decision.

　　VI. Time limit for examination and approval

　　1. Time limit for acceptance: 1 working day.

　　2. Legal time limit for examination and approval: 60 working days for the environmental impact report and 30 working days for the environmental impact report form.

　　3. Time limit for commitment approval: 29 working days for environmental impact report and 14 working days for environmental impact report form.

　　VII. Charges

　　Is there any charge for handling administrative license? No.

　　Eight, license

　　1. Name of approval result: approval document of environmental impact report (form) of construction project.

　　2. Validity period of examination and approval results: long term (projects that have not started construction for five years need to be re-examined).

　　3. Do you need to go through the formalities for changing the approval result? No.

　　4. Do you need to go through the formalities for renewal of approval results? No.

　　IX. Quantitative restrictions

　　without

　　X. Annual Inspection Report

　　1. Is there any annual inspection requirement: None.

　　2. Is there an annual report requirement: None.

　　XI. Inadmissibility

　　1. Conditions of inadmissibility

　　(1) If the application does not need to obtain an administrative license according to law, it shall immediately inform the applicant that it will not be accepted;

　　(2) If the application matters do not fall within the scope of functions and powers of the administrative organ according to law, it shall immediately make a decision not to accept it, and inform the applicant to apply to the relevant administrative organ.

　　2. Inadmissible implementation procedures

　　Issue a written certificate of inadmissibility stamped with the special seal of the ecological environment department and dated.

　　XII. Others

　　Other aspects of environmental impact assessment and approval of general construction projects involving administrative licensing shall be implemented in accordance with the Administrative Licensing Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

General situation of language and writing in China

　　　　There are 56 ethnic groups in China, which is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-dialect and multi-lingual country. According to The Language of China[1]Atlas of Chinese Language[2]There are more than 130 languages and about 30 languages in China.

　　　　The national common language is Mandarin and standard Chinese characters.

　　　　Chinese is the language of the Han nationality,[3]It is the most widely used language in China, one of the major languages in the world and one of the six official working languages of the United Nations.[4]In China, except for the Han nationality, which accounts for 91.51% of the total population, all ethnic minorities use Chinese to varying degrees, and some ethnic groups also switch to Chinese.[5]Modern Chinese can be divided into standard language (Mandarin) and dialect.

　　　　Putonghua takes Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norm. The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The state promotes Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country." On October 31st, 2000, the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters confirmed Putonghua as the national common language.

　　　　Chinese dialects are usually divided into seven dialects: Northern Dialect, Wu Dialect, Hunan Dialect, Gan Dialect, Hakka Dialect, Guangdong Dialect and Min Dialect. There are several power languages and many kinds of "local languages" in each dialect area. Among them, the northern dialect with the largest number of users is divided into four sub-dialects: Northern Mandarin, Northwest Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin and Xiajiang Mandarin.[6]

　　　　Among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, which account for 8.49% of the total population, most of the Hui and Manchu have switched to Chinese, and the other 53 ethnic groups have their own languages.[7]

　　　　In terms of language families, the languages spoken by 56 ethnic groups in China belong to five major language families: Sino-Tibetan, Altai, austronesian family, South Asian and Indo-European. Sino-Tibetan language family is divided into three language families: Chinese, Tibetan-Burmese, Miao-Yao and Zhuang-Dong. Belonging to the Tibeto-Burman language family are Zang, Jiarong, Menba, Cangla, Luoba, Qiang, Pumi, Dulong, Jingpo, Yi, Lisu, Hani, Lahu, Bai, Naxi, Jino, Nusu, Anong, Rouruo, Tujia, Zaiwa and Aru. Miao, Bunu, Mian, She and other languages belong to Miao-Yao language family. Zhuang, Buyi, Dai, Dong, Shui, Mulao, Maonan, Raja, Li, Gelao and other languages belong to the Zhuang and Dong language families. Altaic language family is divided into three language families: Mongolian, Turkic, Manchu-Tungusic. Mongolian languages include Mongolian, Daur, Dongxiang, Yugur, Tu and Baoan in the east. Turkic languages include Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Uzbek, tatar, Salar, Yugur in the west and Tuwa. Manchu, Xibe, Hezhe, Ewenki, Oroqen and other languages belong to Manchu-Tungusic language family. Austronesian family belongs to Gaoshan languages, and Hui dialect of Hui nationality. Wa, De ‘ang, Brown, Kemu and other languages belong to the Monkhmer family of South Asian language family. Belonging to Indo-European language family are Russian belonging to Slavic language family and Tajik belonging to Iranian language family.[8]There is no consensus on the families of some languages, such as Korean and Beijing.

　　　　Chinese characters are written to record Chinese.[9]It is a common language used by the Han nationality, and some nationalities have completely used Chinese characters. At the same time, Chinese characters are the common language of all ethnic groups in China. Chinese characters were produced in the Neolithic Age before 3000 BC.[10]The Chinese characters used now are gradually evolved from ancient Chinese characters. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language and Characters determines the standardized Chinese characters as the national common characters.

　　　　Since the 1950s, the state has sorted out and simplified the existing Chinese characters, and formulated and published the first batch of variant forms, simplified Chinese characters, modern Chinese common characters, modern Chinese common characters, printed common Chinese characters, and Chinese character order (stroke order) specification for GB13000.1 character set. On June 5, 2013, the Notice of the State Council on Publishing the List of Chinese Characters with General Norms (Guo Fa [2013] No.23) was issued. The List of Chinese Characters with General Norms is an important standard for Chinese characters, which implements the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Languages and Characters and meets the needs of Chinese characters application in various fields of society in the new situation. After the publication of the General Specification Chinese Character List, the use of Chinese characters in the general application field of society should be based on the General Specification Chinese Character List, and the original related word lists should be stopped.

　　　　Before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), 21 ethnic minorities had their own scripts. After the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the government has worked out writing schemes for Zhuang, Buyi, Yi, Miao, Hani, Lisu, Naxi, Dong, Wa and Li nationalities.[11]

　　　　Judging from the writing system and letter form, Chinese characters are ideographic, syllabic and ideographic in terms of writing types, and there are ancient Indian letters, Uighur letters, Arabic letters, square letters, Latin letters and Slavic letters in terms of letter writing system.[12]

　　　　On February 11th, 1958, the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress passed a resolution to promulgate the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language stipulates: "The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is used as a spelling and phonetic notation tool for the national common language. The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is a unified standard for the spelling of Roman letters in Chinese’s names, place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or unusable. Primary education should be taught in Chinese Pinyin. "

　　　　The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "all ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages". The Law on Regional National Autonomy in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas guarantee the freedom of all ethnic groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages", "the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas educate and encourage cadres of all ethnic groups to learn from each other" and "educate cadres and masses of all ethnic groups to trust each other, learn from each other, help each other and respect each other’s spoken and written languages". The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters stipulates that "the state insists on popularizing Putonghua and promoting standardized Chinese characters" and that "the use of minority languages and characters is based on the relevant provisions of the Constitution, the Law on Regional National Autonomy and other laws". The implementation of these laws by the state plays an important role in safeguarding national unity and national unity, building a harmonious language life and promoting economic, social and cultural development.

　　　　Over the years, China has persistently promoted the national common spoken and written language. According to the sampling survey conducted by the Institute of Language and Written Application of the Ministry of Education in 2010, the national Putonghua penetration rate reached over 70%, and the proportion of literate people using standardized Chinese characters exceeded 95%.

　　　　On December 4, 2012, the Ministry of Education and state language commission jointly issued the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Reform and Development Plan for Language and Literature (2012-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the Outline). The Outline puts forward the overall goal of language and writing work: "By 2020, Putonghua will be basically popularized throughout the country, the standardization of social application of Chinese characters will be further improved, and Chinese Pinyin will play a better role. The standard of language and writing basically meets the needs of society, and the level of informatization has been further improved. The language and writing social management service capacity has been comprehensively improved, and the social management service system has been basically completed. The scientific protection of the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups has been strengthened. The role of language and writing in inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent culture has been further exerted. The national language strength has been significantly enhanced, the national language ability has been significantly improved, and the social language life has developed harmoniously. " The Outline defines seven major tasks of language and writing in the new period: vigorously popularizing and popularizing the national common language and writing, promoting the standardization and informatization construction of language and writing, strengthening the supervision and inspection and service of social application of language and writing, improving the application ability of national language and writing, scientifically protecting the languages and writing of all ethnic groups, promoting and spreading the excellent Chinese culture and strengthening the legal system construction of language and writing. Six key tasks and sixteen measures were determined, including popularization, infrastructure construction, supervision service, capacity improvement, scientific protection and cultural inheritance. Put forward "innovative ideas", "innovative working mechanism", "innovative management service" andEight innovation and guarantee measures, such as opening wider to the outside world, strengthening talent guarantee, improving scientific research level, increasing publicity and ensuring fund investment. The release of the Outline is an important measure to implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, an important action to promote the construction of a strong socialist culture, and an important program to guide the language and writing work at present and in the future.

　　　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the national language and writing system has given full play to the unique role of language and writing in cultivating and practicing socialist core values, comprehensively improving citizens’ moral quality, enhancing cultural soft power, and enhancing national cohesion. On the basis of adhering to effective work measures such as the standardization of urban language and writing, the Putonghua proficiency test, and the nationwide promotion of Putonghua publicity week, Constantly innovating the work carriers such as Chinese classic reading, Chinese character dictation conference, China idiom conference, and the construction of Chinese language resources audio database have improved the language literacy of the broad masses of the people, strengthened the scientific protection of the languages of various ethnic groups, carried forward Chinese virtues and spread Chinese excellent culture. On June 5 -6, 2014, the China government cooperated with UNESCO to successfully hold the World Language Conference, reached the Suzhou Consensus, and put forward the concept of "language capacity building" at the UNESCO conference for the first time, which played an important role in promoting language teaching and improving language ability in various countries. After the World Language Congress, relevant departments, universities and academic groups successively held academic seminars on language ability and language development strategy, language ability and national security, social development and cultural communication, which promoted academic prosperity and the development of language and writing.

　 　 Remarks: The manuscript was reviewed by some national language advisory committees.

　　　　——————————————————————————–

　　　　[1] edited by Sun Hongkai, published by the Commercial Press in 2007.

　　　　[2] Co-edited by China Academy of Social Sciences and City University of Hong Kong, published by Commercial Press in 2012.

　　　　[3] Quoted from Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition), published by the Commercial Press.

　　　　[4] Quoted from "Encyclopedia of China Language", China Encyclopedia Publishing House.

　　　　[5] Cited the data of the sixth population census, and referred to "China Ethnic Language Work", edited by Jin Xinghua and published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[6] This passage refers to Modern Chinese, edited by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, and published by Higher Education Press.

　　　　[7] Cited the data of the sixth population census and referred to: Atlas of Chinese Language, edited by China Academy of Social Sciences and City University of Hong Kong, published by the Commercial Press in 2012; Ethnic Language Work in China, edited by Jin Xinghua, published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[8] This passage mainly refers to The Language of China, edited by Sun Hongkai and published by the Commercial Press in 2007.

　　　　[9] Quoted from Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition), published by the Commercial Press.

　　　　[10] Quoted from "Encyclopedia of China Language", China Encyclopedia Publishing House.

　　　　[11] This paragraph mainly refers to "China Ethnic Language Work", edited by Jin Xinghua and published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[12] This paragraph mainly refers to the Language Survey Course edited by Dai Qingxia and the Study on the Present Situation and Evolution of Minority Languages in China.

Continue reading »

Original SME SME technology story

Chemical plant explosions have occurred frequently at home and abroad, which is frightening.

One to two, people have a fear of dangerous chemicals.

But life is always inseparable from chemistry, and even the fertilizer used in the cultivation of essential grain may be explosive and dangerous goods. Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used agricultural fertilizer, but it is also the "culprit" that caused the worst industrial disaster in American history.

Smoke billowing from the explosion in the worst industrial disaster in American history.

This chemical with the word "nitrate" as the head is always disturbing.

Perhaps it is because they are often known together with explosions. For example, trinitrotoluene, the main component of TNT explosives, is made by nitration of toluene.

The great power of TNT has long been recognized. A Grenade thrown on the battlefield killed and injured a large area only contains 50 grams of TNT, and 14 kilograms of TNT can destroy a football field.

As early as the mid-19th century, Swedish engineers applied for a patent to support mixed explosives with ammonium nitrate and other combustion improvers.

Ammonium nitrate has since become a widely used raw material for industrial explosives.

A quarter pound TNT Grenade

Although ammonium nitrate can be used as an explosive, pure ammonium nitrate without combustion improver is actually the most difficult nitric explosive to detonate.

It does not burn by itself at room temperature, and ammonium nitrate is extremely insensitive to impact.

The experimental study shows that the 50kg hammer falls on solid ammonium nitrate from a height of 50cm, and its explosion probability is 0;

Compared with the famous explosive nitroglycerin, a 200g hammer can be detonated 100% when it falls from a height of 20cm.

At the same time, ammonium nitrate has a high nitrogen concentration and stable performance, so people often use it as a nitrogen-containing fertilizer.

Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly helpful to improve the yield and quality of crops.

As everyone knows, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which made people relax their vigilance, triggered a sudden compound disaster of land, sea and air.

Ammonium nitrate fertilizer

After World War II, although the United States won the war, most areas fell into the post-war economic depression.

However, the southern city of Texas is a different story.

This coastal city is busy day and night, with chemical plants and oil refineries running nonstop, and there are endless cargo ships in the port.

At that time, Texas was praised as a "port of opportunity" by major American media and newspapers, and it was the core of industrial development in the South.

This prosperity made the whole country envy, but soon, the prosperous industrial development also brewed a small Mars that destroyed everything.

By 1947, about 2,500 ships visited the ports in Texas every year, and even Monsanto opened a chemical plant in the town.

On April 16th, the wharf began to operate before dawn as usual, but it was a special day recorded in American industrial history.

There is a cargo ship, the Grand Camp, moored beside the port. This French cargo ship has been staying for five days.

The ship is loaded with some oilfield equipment, drill pipes, hemp ropes and weapons and ammunition shipped from Belgium.

And its main "passenger" is actually 2300 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

At 8 o’clock in the morning, the crew was carrying the few remaining bags of ammonium nitrate into the cabin, when a smell of smoke caught their attention.

They looked intently and saw that the smoke seemed to be coming from the No.4 cabin where fertilizer was piled up.

Perhaps some ignorant crew member or docker ignored the no-smoking sign and smoked on the ship, which caused the fire.

The fire quickly spread to the deck and hull surface, and the smoke became bigger and bigger.

The crew quickly picked up fire extinguishers and fire pipes to put out the fire, and more than 20 firefighters arrived in time.

Seeing that the fire did not decrease, it became more and more intense, and the crew came up with another fire extinguishing method.

Rescuers stopped using water to put out the fire, but sealed the warehouse with slats and covered it with tarpaulins;

Then the high-temperature steam is introduced into the cabin, and it is intended to squeeze out the oxygen in the cabin in this form.

In this way, without one of the three elements of combustion, combustion can not continue.

This method was a common fire fighting method for cargo ships at that time, and the captain also mixed selfishness in it-reducing the loss caused by the wet goods.

* Note: Material combustion requires three elements: combustion improver, combustible and temperature reaching the ignition point. Among them, oxygen is the most common combustion promoter.

People never expected that this method was really good, but it was equivalent to adding fuel to the fire for the cargo ship transporting ammonium nitrate.

More terrible than the fire of ammonium nitrate is the explosion.

Although ammonium nitrate is resistant to impact, it is very fragile in the face of high temperature.

When the temperature reaches about 165℃ or comes into contact with an open flame, solid ammonium nitrate will rapidly decompose to produce nitrous oxide and water vapor.

Nitrous oxide will also be converted into oxygen at high temperature, and the gas that rescuers tried their best to remove reappeared.

At this time, the reaction brewing in the air is not just as simple as burning.

The high temperature and high pressure environment created by firefighters made the warehouse a closed container to accelerate the explosion reaction.

People didn’t know anything about it at that time, only to find that even with powerful rescue forces, the fire was still too big to control.

At 8: 30, the captain ordered to abandon the Grand Camp and bear the loss of all the goods.

However, he was only distressed to lose a ship and cargo, but he didn’t expect the fire to turn into a bigger disaster.

At 9: 12, a loud bang from the port made almost the whole city tremble.

A fireball went straight into the sky and turned the sky red. Thick smoke soared to an altitude of 610 meters and spread everywhere. Part of the hull melted into pieces and jetted out of the dock.

Two planes accidentally flew over at this time and were directly destroyed and fell.

The explosion near the wharf caused the 160km water body in Fiona Fang to be choppy, which triggered a tsunami, and set off waves as high as 4.5m, hitting the land.

Even Houston, 40 kilometers north of Texas, felt a violent vibration, and the window glass of some houses was directly shattered.

This has become a major disaster facing the sea, land and air in all directions.

In the sudden explosion, none of the first firefighters who entered the rescue survived.

Nearby residents took refuge at home with trepidation, but they still could not escape the surging tsunami.

The fire that continues the explosion is still going on, which makes people afraid to get close.

The busy Texas dock is not a harbor of the Grand Camp, but dense cargo ships and chemical plants and refineries along the coast have become another hidden danger.

Just 15 hours after the explosion, people have not recovered from it, and the second explosion happened.

A large number of chemical plants and refineries are densely distributed.

On the coast 200 meters away from the Grand Camp, there is also a cargo ship named Success.

This cargo ship also contains nearly 1000 tons of ammonium nitrate and 180 tons of sulfur.

The explosion and fire extended to the USS Success, bringing a second thrilling explosion.

The explosion triggered a series of chain reactions, and nearby freighters and factories exploded one after another.

Successive disasters eventually killed 581 people and injured more than 3,500 people. At that time, more than a quarter of the population in Texas was killed or injured in the disaster.

Thousands of residential buildings and commercial buildings were destroyed by the tsunami, and 1,100 docks were damaged.

At that time, the prosperous capital and industrial city of Texas lost about $100 million (equivalent to more than $1 billion now).

This is the worst disaster in American industrial history, and the reasons behind it are complicated and strange.

First of all, there was a small fire in the cabin for reasons that have not been clear so far.

Then rescuers used self-defeating fire fighting methods, which eventually aggravated the explosion.

At the same time, the government regulatory agencies themselves have many loopholes.

In the era of post-war economic recovery, the industrial process has become the most important thing beyond laws and policies, and managers can only ignore the interests.

After the accident, a large-scale funeral was held for the unidentified victims.

At that time, there were about 6,000 fertilizer chemical plants in the United States, but most of them did not report the storage of ammonium nitrate in the Department of Homeland Security, although the inventory was as high as 1,300 times that of the mandatory review.

It is conceivable that the industrial intensive Texas was equivalent to hiding countless stealth bombs at that time, just waiting for an opportunity to detonate.

Once detonated, it will lead to irreparable loss of life and property.

Only in this way can the federal government face up to the audit and supervision of chemical plants and dangerous chemicals.

The government has drawn up new standards and improved the management and transportation system of dangerous chemicals. Enterprises have also established an industrial mutual aid system, and agreed to join hands in the event of danger.

This appalling Texas explosion has become history, and the United States has entered a new era of strict industrial management.

Afterwards, major media rushed to report the accident.

But no matter what era the strict system is put in, there will always be people who exploit loopholes.

Dangerous chemicals such as ammonium nitrate are never kind to those who neglect them.

In 2013, also in Texas, another chemical fertilizer factory exploded.

However, this time, it was no longer because of people’s ignorance that the mistake was made, but the chemical fertilizer plant built a non-compliant ammonia storage tank privately.

Up to 24 tons of anhydrous ammonia accidentally triggered an explosion, killing 35 people.

Sadly, some people were killed innocently in the explosion of ammonium nitrate, and some people deliberately used ammonium nitrate as a weapon for terrorist attacks.

In 2011, a nightclub in Bali exploded. This is a vicious explosion in which 202 people were killed by terrorists using ammonium nitrate.

In 1995, terrorists used ammonium nitrate to make explosives to blow up the federal building.

Chemicals usually have both advantages and disadvantages for human beings.

Ammonium nitrate is a common industrial explosive, but it is also a good fertilizer.

Nitroglycerin, which can be used as an explosive, is also a good medicine for cardiovascular diseases …

People often suffer while using them to achieve certain interests.

However, the progress of human beings lies in that no matter how dangerous the substance is, it can be controlled by human beings and finally serve human beings.

Ammonium nitrate. Wikipedia, June 26, 2019.

MarcLallanilla, LiveScience. What Causes Fertilizer Explosions? ScientificAmerican, 2013.04.18.

1947 TexasCity Disaster. Moore Memorial Publiclibrary.

MichaelBaumann. How a Fertilizer Accident Led to the Deadliest Industrial Disaster inAmerican History. The Ringer, 2017.08.24.

SteveOlafson. The Explosion: 50 Years Later, Texas City still Remembers/’Texas Cityjust blew up’/A powerful chemical explosion 50 years ago propelled a small porttown into an unwelcome national and world spotlight. Chron, 1997.04.13.

Original title: "How terrible is the explosion of ammonium nitrate? A cargo ship full of fertilizer blew up thousands of buildings.

Read the original text