武汉夜生活网论坛|武汉桑拿论坛|武汉狼盟|武汉品茶网

CCTV News:Recently, many tourists from China said that they bought fake jadeite in Myanmar. Some tourists said that the green color on the jadeite they bought faded for about half a year, and some black spots appeared. Others said that the jadeite bought in Myanmar was found to be filled and dyed when it came back to China for identification. The problem jadeites bought by these tourists all come from the Jiaowan Jade Market in Mandalay, a city in central Myanmar. So what kind of secrets are hidden behind these problematic jade products? CCTV reporters launched an investigation.

　

Myanmar Jiaowan Emerald Market

With the problem jadeite provided by consumers, the reporter came to Mandalay, the second largest city in Myanmar, which is also the nearest central city to Pagan mining area, the main producing area of jadeite. Kyauk Wan Market, the largest jadeite market in Myanmar, is located here. As early as more than 50 years ago, Jiaowan Jade Market was a distribution center for jade trading, but it was not until 2000 that a formal market was built. After continuous development, there were more than 1,700 booths for jade trading, and it was still expanding to surrounding areas. At the same time, this market is gradually strengthening supervision, especially the investigation and punishment of counterfeiting and selling fakes.

Wu Danwen, Chairman of the Management Committee of Jiaowan Emerald Market in Mandalay, Myanmar: There is a market supervision committee in Jiaowan Market, and police are deployed in this market. They patrol twice in Jiaowan every morning and twice in the afternoon to reduce the occurrence of fake sales through inspections.

In the interview, the reporter found that many businesses in the market have indicated that they attach great importance to credibility in their operations and have adopted various ways to prevent counterfeit goods. Since the management and merchants have taken many measures to prevent counterfeit jadeite from appearing in the market, how can many tourists buy problematic jadeite here? In the following investigation, the reporter found some special features of this market. In China, jade products are mostly sold in high-end shopping malls or jewelry stores; Here, jade products of various grades will be sold in these humble stalls and counters, and the business model here is also different.

There are a large number of tourists selling jadeite products or semi-finished products.

CCTV reporter: We have found a relatively special business model here, that is, behind these counters, most of them are merchants who buy jadeite, while in the market, there are a large number of tourists selling jadeite finished products or semi-finished products. For a large number of tourists, it is difficult to fully supervise the market management, which leaves room for counterfeiting and selling.

In the Jiaowan market, there are dozens or even hundreds of jadeite products, and there are a large number of tourists selling them in front of various stalls. And the bags of jadeite in the hands of these tourists are often sold in batches, and they are not sold separately.

CCTV reporter: We found that many professional merchants often buy dozens or even hundreds of jadeites at one time, but for ordinary tourists, they can only buy a few at a time, which makes it easy for some tourists to distinguish the difference between them. This is also the reason why in this market, the proportion of fake sales is very low, but tourists are often fooled.

Editor’s Note: Spring Festival, the traditional "New Year Festival" in China, is not only the most emotional traditional festival in China, but also the most vivid embodiment of the Chinese nation’s values and aesthetic pursuit. In 2019, when the Spring Festival of Jihai is coming, the Buddhist channel of Phoenix.com launched the specially planned "Happy Year of the Heart and Pig: He Xinchun, a global monk", inviting the global monks to record a blessing video and send the warmest wishes to Chinese people around the world. This video is a blessing video sent by Master Zong Zhou, the abbot of Duobaojiang Temple in Shangyu.

Master Zong Zhou’s blessing written record: Dear Phoenix netizens, hello everyone! The old year is about to pass, and the new year is coming. In this new year, our life is like water in the desert. After a day, it will only decrease, not increase. Then we won’t waste it and dump it in the desert. Of course, if we don’t waste it, but always take it out of the desert and don’t drink it, it’s also a waste.

I wish you all the best in the new year. What we need most is our relatives around us, and our closest relatives are our parents. I hope we can devote this precious person to them generously, listen to their voices more and share our happiness with them more. In this way, we will get the greatest happiness with our parents.

Let us in the new year, everything can get the blessing of the three treasures, and everything is auspicious. I wish you all good luck in the day, good luck in the night and good luck at six o’clock in the day and night. Amitabha!

Master Zongzhou also prepared 15 copies of organic rice for everyone to become attached to. If you want to get it, come and participate!

Participation mode:

1. Wechat: Forward this message to a circle of friends, collect 20 likes, and send a screenshot to Wechat WeChat official account "Consciousness" to get it.

2. Weibo: Pay attention to Weibo’s "Phoenix Net Chinese Buddhism" and forward the video of Master Zong Zhou’s blessing, so that you can get it.

3, headline number: pay attention to the headline number Phoenix. com Chinese Buddhism, and forward the video of Master Zong Zhou’s blessing, that is, you have the opportunity to get it.

Welcome to pay attention to the official WeChat WeChat official account "Awakening" of Fenghuang. com, and be a disseminator of wisdom!

General situation of language and writing in China

　　　　There are 56 ethnic groups in China, which is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-dialect and multi-lingual country. According to The Language of China[1]Atlas of Chinese Language[2]There are more than 130 languages and about 30 languages in China.

　　　　The national common language is Mandarin and standard Chinese characters.

　　　　Chinese is the language of the Han nationality,[3]It is the most widely used language in China, one of the major languages in the world and one of the six official working languages of the United Nations.[4]In China, except for the Han nationality, which accounts for 91.51% of the total population, all ethnic minorities use Chinese to varying degrees, and some ethnic groups also switch to Chinese.[5]Modern Chinese can be divided into standard language (Mandarin) and dialect.

　　　　Putonghua takes Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norm. The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The state promotes Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country." On October 31st, 2000, the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters confirmed Putonghua as the national common language.

　　　　Chinese dialects are usually divided into seven dialects: Northern Dialect, Wu Dialect, Hunan Dialect, Gan Dialect, Hakka Dialect, Guangdong Dialect and Min Dialect. There are several power languages and many kinds of "local languages" in each dialect area. Among them, the northern dialect with the largest number of users is divided into four sub-dialects: Northern Mandarin, Northwest Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin and Xiajiang Mandarin.[6]

　　　　Among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, which account for 8.49% of the total population, most of the Hui and Manchu have switched to Chinese, and the other 53 ethnic groups have their own languages.[7]

　　　　In terms of language families, the languages spoken by 56 ethnic groups in China belong to five major language families: Sino-Tibetan, Altai, austronesian family, South Asian and Indo-European. Sino-Tibetan language family is divided into three language families: Chinese, Tibetan-Burmese, Miao-Yao and Zhuang-Dong. Belonging to the Tibeto-Burman language family are Zang, Jiarong, Menba, Cangla, Luoba, Qiang, Pumi, Dulong, Jingpo, Yi, Lisu, Hani, Lahu, Bai, Naxi, Jino, Nusu, Anong, Rouruo, Tujia, Zaiwa and Aru. Miao, Bunu, Mian, She and other languages belong to Miao-Yao language family. Zhuang, Buyi, Dai, Dong, Shui, Mulao, Maonan, Raja, Li, Gelao and other languages belong to the Zhuang and Dong language families. Altaic language family is divided into three language families: Mongolian, Turkic, Manchu-Tungusic. Mongolian languages include Mongolian, Daur, Dongxiang, Yugur, Tu and Baoan in the east. Turkic languages include Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Uzbek, tatar, Salar, Yugur in the west and Tuwa. Manchu, Xibe, Hezhe, Ewenki, Oroqen and other languages belong to Manchu-Tungusic language family. Austronesian family belongs to Gaoshan languages, and Hui dialect of Hui nationality. Wa, De ‘ang, Brown, Kemu and other languages belong to the Monkhmer family of South Asian language family. Belonging to Indo-European language family are Russian belonging to Slavic language family and Tajik belonging to Iranian language family.[8]There is no consensus on the families of some languages, such as Korean and Beijing.

　　　　Chinese characters are written to record Chinese.[9]It is a common language used by the Han nationality, and some nationalities have completely used Chinese characters. At the same time, Chinese characters are the common language of all ethnic groups in China. Chinese characters were produced in the Neolithic Age before 3000 BC.[10]The Chinese characters used now are gradually evolved from ancient Chinese characters. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language and Characters determines the standardized Chinese characters as the national common characters.

　　　　Since the 1950s, the state has sorted out and simplified the existing Chinese characters, and formulated and published the first batch of variant forms, simplified Chinese characters, modern Chinese common characters, modern Chinese common characters, printed common Chinese characters, and Chinese character order (stroke order) specification for GB13000.1 character set. On June 5, 2013, the Notice of the State Council on Publishing the List of Chinese Characters with General Norms (Guo Fa [2013] No.23) was issued. The List of Chinese Characters with General Norms is an important standard for Chinese characters, which implements the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Languages and Characters and meets the needs of Chinese characters application in various fields of society in the new situation. After the publication of the General Specification Chinese Character List, the use of Chinese characters in the general application field of society should be based on the General Specification Chinese Character List, and the original related word lists should be stopped.

　　　　Before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), 21 ethnic minorities had their own scripts. After the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the government has worked out writing schemes for Zhuang, Buyi, Yi, Miao, Hani, Lisu, Naxi, Dong, Wa and Li nationalities.[11]

　　　　Judging from the writing system and letter form, Chinese characters are ideographic, syllabic and ideographic in terms of writing types, and there are ancient Indian letters, Uighur letters, Arabic letters, square letters, Latin letters and Slavic letters in terms of letter writing system.[12]

　　　　On February 11th, 1958, the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress passed a resolution to promulgate the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language stipulates: "The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is used as a spelling and phonetic notation tool for the national common language. The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is a unified standard for the spelling of Roman letters in Chinese’s names, place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or unusable. Primary education should be taught in Chinese Pinyin. "

　　　　The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "all ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages". The Law on Regional National Autonomy in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas guarantee the freedom of all ethnic groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages", "the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas educate and encourage cadres of all ethnic groups to learn from each other" and "educate cadres and masses of all ethnic groups to trust each other, learn from each other, help each other and respect each other’s spoken and written languages". The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters stipulates that "the state insists on popularizing Putonghua and promoting standardized Chinese characters" and that "the use of minority languages and characters is based on the relevant provisions of the Constitution, the Law on Regional National Autonomy and other laws". The implementation of these laws by the state plays an important role in safeguarding national unity and national unity, building a harmonious language life and promoting economic, social and cultural development.

　　　　Over the years, China has persistently promoted the national common spoken and written language. According to the sampling survey conducted by the Institute of Language and Written Application of the Ministry of Education in 2010, the national Putonghua penetration rate reached over 70%, and the proportion of literate people using standardized Chinese characters exceeded 95%.

　　　　On December 4, 2012, the Ministry of Education and state language commission jointly issued the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Reform and Development Plan for Language and Literature (2012-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the Outline). The Outline puts forward the overall goal of language and writing work: "By 2020, Putonghua will be basically popularized throughout the country, the standardization of social application of Chinese characters will be further improved, and Chinese Pinyin will play a better role. The standard of language and writing basically meets the needs of society, and the level of informatization has been further improved. The language and writing social management service capacity has been comprehensively improved, and the social management service system has been basically completed. The scientific protection of the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups has been strengthened. The role of language and writing in inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent culture has been further exerted. The national language strength has been significantly enhanced, the national language ability has been significantly improved, and the social language life has developed harmoniously. " The Outline defines seven major tasks of language and writing in the new period: vigorously popularizing and popularizing the national common language and writing, promoting the standardization and informatization construction of language and writing, strengthening the supervision and inspection and service of social application of language and writing, improving the application ability of national language and writing, scientifically protecting the languages and writing of all ethnic groups, promoting and spreading the excellent Chinese culture and strengthening the legal system construction of language and writing. Six key tasks and sixteen measures were determined, including popularization, infrastructure construction, supervision service, capacity improvement, scientific protection and cultural inheritance. Put forward "innovative ideas", "innovative working mechanism", "innovative management service" andEight innovation and guarantee measures, such as opening wider to the outside world, strengthening talent guarantee, improving scientific research level, increasing publicity and ensuring fund investment. The release of the Outline is an important measure to implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, an important action to promote the construction of a strong socialist culture, and an important program to guide the language and writing work at present and in the future.

　　　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the national language and writing system has given full play to the unique role of language and writing in cultivating and practicing socialist core values, comprehensively improving citizens’ moral quality, enhancing cultural soft power, and enhancing national cohesion. On the basis of adhering to effective work measures such as the standardization of urban language and writing, the Putonghua proficiency test, and the nationwide promotion of Putonghua publicity week, Constantly innovating the work carriers such as Chinese classic reading, Chinese character dictation conference, China idiom conference, and the construction of Chinese language resources audio database have improved the language literacy of the broad masses of the people, strengthened the scientific protection of the languages of various ethnic groups, carried forward Chinese virtues and spread Chinese excellent culture. On June 5 -6, 2014, the China government cooperated with UNESCO to successfully hold the World Language Conference, reached the Suzhou Consensus, and put forward the concept of "language capacity building" at the UNESCO conference for the first time, which played an important role in promoting language teaching and improving language ability in various countries. After the World Language Congress, relevant departments, universities and academic groups successively held academic seminars on language ability and language development strategy, language ability and national security, social development and cultural communication, which promoted academic prosperity and the development of language and writing.

　 　 Remarks: The manuscript was reviewed by some national language advisory committees.

　　　　——————————————————————————–

　　　　[1] edited by Sun Hongkai, published by the Commercial Press in 2007.

　　　　[2] Co-edited by China Academy of Social Sciences and City University of Hong Kong, published by Commercial Press in 2012.

　　　　[3] Quoted from Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition), published by the Commercial Press.

　　　　[4] Quoted from "Encyclopedia of China Language", China Encyclopedia Publishing House.

　　　　[5] Cited the data of the sixth population census, and referred to "China Ethnic Language Work", edited by Jin Xinghua and published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[6] This passage refers to Modern Chinese, edited by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, and published by Higher Education Press.

　　　　[7] Cited the data of the sixth population census and referred to: Atlas of Chinese Language, edited by China Academy of Social Sciences and City University of Hong Kong, published by the Commercial Press in 2012; Ethnic Language Work in China, edited by Jin Xinghua, published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[8] This passage mainly refers to The Language of China, edited by Sun Hongkai and published by the Commercial Press in 2007.

　　　　[9] Quoted from Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition), published by the Commercial Press.

　　　　[10] Quoted from "Encyclopedia of China Language", China Encyclopedia Publishing House.

　　　　[11] This paragraph mainly refers to "China Ethnic Language Work", edited by Jin Xinghua and published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[12] This paragraph mainly refers to the Language Survey Course edited by Dai Qingxia and the Study on the Present Situation and Evolution of Minority Languages in China.

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　　Xinhua News Agency, Nanjing, June 8 (Reporter Qin Huajiang) Recently, the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the Notice on Perfecting the Differentiated Price Policy Based on the Evaluation Results of Environmental Credit. According to the environmental credit evaluation results of red-rated enterprises and black-rated enterprises with serious dishonesty, their electricity prices will be increased by 0.05 yuan and 0.10 yuan per kWh respectively on the basis of the current electricity price standard.

　　According to the new policy, the evaluation results of environmental credit of enterprises used to implement the differentiated electricity price policy shall be based on the evaluation results automatically generated by the "Jiangsu Enterprise Environmental Credit Evaluation System" on the last day of every six months. In the first five working days of January and July respectively, the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment summarized the list of enterprises whose evaluation results in the first half of the year were serious and untrustworthy, and submitted them to the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Electric Power Company for implementing the differential electricity price policy.

　　It is reported that the environmental credit evaluation of enterprises combines dynamic management with static application, the evaluation results are updated daily, and the list is published once every six months to implement policies such as differential electricity prices. The implementation period of half a year, on the one hand, will play a disciplinary role for enterprises, on the other hand, it will also give enterprises the opportunity to turn over a new leaf, give play to the characteristics of the current evaluation system with high timeliness and good operability, and further compact the environmental protection responsibilities of enterprises.

　　Gao Yue, the author of the comic book "Protect You"

　　Legal Daily reporter Wang Chun

　　Legal Daily correspondent Jiang Jianfang

　　In recent years, the crimes of sexual assault on minors that have occurred from time to time have stung the social nerves again and again. How to prevent and expose the "big bad wolf" around those children and protect their healthy growth? At the recent seminar on the construction of the national unchecked innovation practice base, the Procuratorate of Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province made an exchange speech entitled "One-stop case handling mechanism construction". Up to now, the Yinzhou District Procuratorate has collected evidence from 62 underage victims in one-stop places.

　　Lv Yijun, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of Yinzhou District Procuratorate, told the reporter of Legal Daily that since it was designated as the "National Innovative Practice Base for Minors’ Procuratorial Work" by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate in April 2018, Yinzhou Procuratorate has continuously promoted the construction of innovative practice bases through resource integration, system improvement and technology upgrading, and built an integrated protection system to strive for the ultimate protection of minors.

　　Provide one-stop judicial service

　　For cases of sexual assault on minors, Chen Hao, director of the Seventh Procuratorate of Yinzhou District Procuratorate, has been nervous. Her mobile phone is connected to the platform of the Public Security 110 Command Center. As long as there is a case of sexual assault on minors in the jurisdiction, she can receive relevant information at the first time.

　　After that, the prosecutor of the Seventh Procuratorate will immediately rush to the workstation for the protection of minors in the Second Hospital of Yinzhou, contact the hospital to appoint a doctor to check the victim’s body and extract the certificate, and the public security police will make a record of the victim at the workstation, and the prosecutor will intervene and guide in advance.

　　This workstation covers an area of about 60 square meters, with independent elevators and gates. It is arranged warmly and comfortably, which can make the children here relax as much as possible. The whole room is divided into two rooms, the former is an inquiry room and the latter is a physical examination room. The inquiry room is divided into three functional blocks: psychotherapy area, conversation guidance area and case inquiry area. Close-up cameras, panoramic cameras, pickups, switches and other equipment in the inquiry area are convenient for synchronous audio and video recording of the whole inquiry process, and can burn the inquiry process into a CD for subsequent case-handling units to read.

　　Such a standardized process benefits from the one-stop place and case-handling mode of "integration of prosecutors and police, cooperation between prosecutors and doctors" initiated by Yinzhou District Procuratorate in 2017.

　　Chen Jing, a full-time member of the Seventh Procuratorate of Yinzhou District Procuratorate, said, "In the past judicial practice, in the process of investigation, arrest, public prosecution and trial, the abused minors may be repeatedly questioned and have to tell the details and process of the infringement many times, which is undoubtedly a kind of ‘ Secondary injury ’ . Setting the inquiry place in the hospital, making full use of the resources of all parties, and truly realizing the one-time inquiry, evidence collection and inspection of underage victims, not only protects their privacy, but also protects them from ‘ Secondary injury ’ " .

　　In order to make the workstation play an effective role, the Yinzhou District Procuratorate issued the "Detailed Rules for the Use of One-stop Inquiry Room for Juvenile Victims of Sexual Abuse" to refine and improve the one-stop workflow and specific requirements; And the public security department will sign the documents such as Opinions on the Procurator’s Office of Juvenile Criminal Cases in Public Security Organs and Several Opinions on Establishing Interrogation Rules for Juvenile Victims, and further establish information sharing mechanisms, timely intervention in investigation mechanisms, consultation and judgment mechanisms and inquiry mechanisms for victims; And the Second Hospital of Yinzhou signed the Cooperation Agreement on Medical Assistance for Minor Victims of Sexual Assault Cases, and further improved various systems such as relief fees, relief methods, relief scope and relief standards.

　　In addition, considering the current situation that most minor victims need assistance, in order to make up for the lack of judicial assistance, Yinzhou District Procuratorate has also led the district love enterprises to set up the "Seven-color Flower" special assistance fund for minors and the Zhongzhe Group’s "Legal-related Assistance Fund for Minors" with a total amount of 3 million yuan.

　　Establish a national invasion database

　　Chen Qi was deeply impressed by a case in which a kindergarten doorman molested a girl while temporarily taking care of her. Affected by this, girls become taciturn and afraid of others.

　　When Chen Qi first met her at the workstation, she hid behind her mother and refused to come out. Chen Qi advised softly, took out a plush toy and handed it to the woman. Only then did the girl slowly put down her guard.

　　After the case inquiry was completed, Chen Qi learned that the girl may have stress-related obstacles, so she contacted a psychological counselor to give her psychological counseling, and applied for a 10,000 yuan rescue fund for the girl. She also communicated with the girl’s mother by telephone from time to time to understand the girl’s recent situation. Knowing that the girl’s life is back on track, Chen Qi finally breathed a sigh of relief.

　　In Chen Qi’s view, the occurrence of this case revealed that there were problems in the management of personnel employment in kindergartens. However, the lack of supervision in the positions that are in close contact with minors can easily lead to troubles. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the entry examination, establish a database of crimes against minors, and create a "firewall" to prohibit those who have a criminal record of sexual assault from entering these industries.

　　Through preliminary investigation, Yinzhou District Procuratorate found that some local procuratorial organs have tried first and set up a local information database on crimes against minors. However, Chen Jing believes: "This kind of database data is limited to the local area, so it is impossible to avoid the dilemma that criminals commit crimes in one place and go to another place to work."

　　In order to solve the problem of "protection vacuum" caused by cross-regional and cross-industry, in May this year, Yinzhou District Procuratorate took the lead in establishing a basic information database covering the whole country for employers and competent administrative departments in Yinzhou District who have close contact with minors.

　　There are about 370,000 pieces of information in this database, covering the information of qualified personnel aged 18 to 60 who have been punished for rape, child molestation and other criminal acts or administrative punishment for indecent acts in the past 10 years. At the beginning of each month, the information collectors of public security law use big data to update the data in real time.

　　In order to standardize the information inquiry mechanism, the Yinzhou District Procuratorate, together with nine units including the Political and Legal Committee of the District Committee, the court and the Public Security Bureau, formulated and promulgated the Inquiry Work System, which stipulates that educational units, training institutions, medical institutions, rescue institutions, youth activity centers and other units or departments that have close contact with minors within their jurisdiction should strengthen the examination of entry personnel, and it is strictly forbidden to employ personnel with criminal records of sexual assault. If a person who has been in the information database commits the crime of sexually assaulting a minor again because he has not inquired or neglected to perform the duties of management and supervision, the responsibility of the relevant personnel shall be investigated. Up to now, Yinzhou District has conducted a general information survey on 11,446 employees, and no abnormalities have been found.

　　As soon as the document was issued, employers took the initiative to inquire, otherwise, once a sexual assault case occurred, they would be severely punished. The relevant person in charge of Ningbo Yinzhou Squirrel Hall Education and Training Co., Ltd. believes that training institutions can only recruit teachers according to their resumes. It is necessary to further understand the personal situation of teachers through the employment inquiry mechanism.

　　Build an integrated working system

　　It is an important duty of procuratorial organs to educate, reform and save minors.

　　In February 2018, the "Seven-color Flower" unchecked team of Yinzhou District Procuratorate was established, with 7 female prosecutors and 5 graduate students. The "Seven-color Flower" unchecked team focused on juvenile education, juvenile victim protection and assistance, and juvenile crime prevention, and gradually formed a work pattern of protection integration, case handling mechanism, socialization of assistance and education, and comprehensive prevention.

　　In the case of handling the theft of Yang, a Yi teenager with conditional non-prosecution, the team took the lead in launching a diversified model of caring and helping education led by prosecutors, judicial social workers, volunteers and caring people. All parties jointly worked out targeted help and education programs and plans, and the judicial social workers conducted "one-on-one" follow-up guidance on Yang’s volunteer service, community service and labor education. At the same time, the team also arranged for Yang to study cooking in the nursing base from his hobbies and his urgent need to master the skills of making a living. During the inspection, Yang took an active part in voluntary activities and joined the anti-piracy volunteer team in Yinzhou District, realizing the qualitative change from "thief" to "anti-piracy" and giving back to the society with his own actions.

　　The Yinzhou District Procuratorate and the District Comprehensive Management Office also jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Integration of Minors’ Protection in Yinzhou District, and established 17 departments including courts, public security bureaus, judicial bureaus, women’s federations and working committees, covering all functional departments involved in the protection of minors, including criminal, civil, administrative, prevention, rescue and other multi-level protection, including judicial social workers, volunteer teams and psychological counselors.

　　The "Implementation Opinions" emphasizes that it is necessary to build a one-stop case-handling and rescue mechanism for minor victims, a social support mechanism for minors, a protection and rescue mechanism for children in distress, a publicity and preventive education mechanism for minors under the rule of law, and a public interest litigation mechanism involving minors, so as to form an ideological consensus and working mechanism for the whole region to participate in the integrated protection of minors.

　　In order to comprehensively protect minors in all directions, the Yinzhou District Procuratorate has also developed the application platform of "Yinzhou Wisdom Unchecked", which has seven functions: social investigation+suitable adults+care and help+psychological counseling+social assistance+clue reporting+preventive education, and weaves the wisdom protection network for minors.

　　In the first half of this year, through the reporting platform of "Yinzhou Wisdom Unchecked", Yinzhou Procuratorate learned that the shops around a school were selling unqualified food, and the team police intervened at the first time, and together with the public security police, they repeatedly investigated and collected evidence, and filed the first criminal incidental civil public interest litigation case in Ningbo with the court. In the end, the court adopted the relevant opinions of the procuratorate, sentenced the defendant to six months in prison, suspended for one year, and fined 10 thousand yuan, prohibiting the defendant from engaging in food production, sales and related activities during the probation period; The defendant unit was fined 15,000 yuan, paid more than 40,000 yuan in compensation for public interest litigation, and publicly apologized in the national media.

Special planning of the first issue of Party Construction magazine in 2017

Written by our reporter Weng Huainan, Wang Jinhui, Yang Lianyuan and Chen Rong.

　　Editor’s note:This is another year in which the overall layout of "Five in One" has been promoted in an overall way, and the strategic layout of "Four Comprehensives" has been promoted in a coordinated way, and remarkable results have been achieved. It is also another year in which the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core cares for the people and the masses, goes deep into the grassroots, cares about people’s livelihood, shares the same breath, shares the same destiny and unites with the people to run towards a well-off society. This year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader went deep into the grassroots, institutions, enterprises, military camps and schools in the vast urban and rural areas, listened to the voices of the masses, and discussed with the people about major issues. China is full of sound, and every word warms people’s hearts. This magazine selects some shots of the Supreme Leader General Secretary with the people in 2016, and asks the witnesses to tell the warm stories.

　　Supreme Leader: The "Belt and Road" construction has provided Chongqing with a bigger platform for "going out", and promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has provided Chongqing with an important carrier for better integration into the central and eastern regions. Chongqing has great development potential and bright prospects.

"I grew up with the development of Orchard Port and submitted an application for joining the Party."

　　Ameliia(On-site tallyman of Chongqing Orchard Bulk Terminal Co., Ltd.): As a member of the youth front line of Orchard Port of Port Logistics Group, I am very excited to meet the Supreme Leader General Secretary. The general secretary kindly asked us where we came from and what kind of work we were engaged in. His kind smile and words of concern made our nervous hearts suddenly relax, and he cared for us like an elder.

　　Our orchard port has a special geographical position. The general secretary said that the "Belt and Road" construction has provided Chongqing with a bigger platform to "go global", and promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has provided Chongqing with an important carrier to better integrate into the central and eastern regions. Chongqing has great development potential and bright prospects. He also sent a message, "There is great hope here".

　　The general secretary’s message brought greater encouragement to Orchard Port. Over the past year, the orchard port has been changing every day, and the speed of construction is also accelerating. I also grew up with the development of Orchard Port. I strengthened my determination to actively move closer to the party organization, submitted an application for joining the party, and participated in the training of the party organization.

On January 8, 2016, the 2015 National Science and Technology Awards Conference was held in Beijing. The supreme leader presented awards to the winners.

"The general secretary encouraged me to make persistent efforts."

　　Xiang Libin(Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, shaking hands with the General Secretary in the picture): At 10: 00 am on January 8, 2016, with warm applause, I received the National Science and Technology Progress Award from the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader. The general secretary held my hand and said, "Make persistent efforts and make greater achievements." At that moment, I felt extremely glorious and proud, but also felt a heavy mission and great trust.

　　Innovation is the first driving force for development. For more than 20 years, I have been mainly engaged in the research work in the field of space and optical remote sensing, and I have completed more than 30 scientific research tasks. The research results are widely used in economic and social development and national defense security construction. I have always insisted on innovation, led the team to fill the gaps in some fields in China, and promoted China’s spectral imaging remote sensing technology and space security related technologies to rank among the top in the world.

　　Science and technology are the foundation of a strong country. As a young and middle-aged scientific and technological worker in China, I deeply appreciate the support and expectation of the motherland and people. I will continue to carry forward the spirit of seeking truth from facts and being brave in innovation, make my own contribution to accelerating the construction of an innovative country, and strive to make achievements worthy of the times.

On January 12, 2016, the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in communist party, China.

　　Supreme Leader: The punishment of corruption must be firmly grasped, the sword hung high, and no restricted area, full coverage and zero tolerance should be adhered to.

"The general secretary explained some important ideas and viewpoints from heart to heart."

　　Fan yaogeng(President of China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper): On the morning of January 12, 2016, I attended the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in Jingxi Hotel, and had the honor to listen to the important speech delivered by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary has delivered an important speech at the plenary session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection every year, which reflects the special attention paid to the comprehensive and strict administration of the party, the building of a clean and honest party style and the anti-corruption work. In his speech, the general secretary is reasonable, earnest and earnest; Talk about the problem, get to the point and get to the point; Tell history, quote classics and explain; Talking about measures is forceful and hit the floor. Deep thoughts, accurate analysis and firm attitude, calm tone and rich voice can be described as natural integration and complement each other. The general secretary explained some important thoughts and viewpoints from heart to heart, such as: there is no rest in fighting corruption and promoting honesty, and we must be unremitting and consistent; To create a political green mountain is to have a clear political ecology, and so on, incisive and impressive.

　　Supreme Leader: Strive to build a military commission with iron general belief, iron general belief, iron general discipline and iron general responsibility, and contribute to the realization of the Chinese dream of strengthening the military.

　　On February 1, 2016, the inaugural meeting of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Theater was held in Beijing Bayi Building. The supreme leader awarded military flags and issued instructions to the eastern theater, the southern theater, the western theater, the northern theater and the central theater.

　　Supreme Leader: To build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must make the old revolutionary areas that have made important contributions to the birth of the People’s Republic develop better.

"The general secretary said that a poor family should not be left behind on the road to poverty alleviation."

　　Peng shuisheng(Old Party Secretary of Shenshan Village, Mao Ping Township, Jinggangshan City, Jiangxi Province): On February 2, 2016, it happened to be a small year, with light sleet and cold weather. I heard that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader had come to our village, so I rushed to the village. The general secretary is in the village party branch, looking at the plan, books and records, while asking in detail. The general secretary is very happy to learn that gratifying changes have been taking place in the village over the years.

　　In the home of poor household Zhang Chengde, the general secretary sat down and asked what was planted and raised at home, and what difficulties and needs were there. The hostess said that the general secretary has done a good job for the people of the whole country and the people feel very happy. The general secretary responded that our country is the people who are the masters of the country, and all leading cadres, including me, are people’s servants.

　　In the village, every family is busy preparing new year’s goods. Everywhere the general secretary goes, he says hello to the villagers. He also sent last year’s goods to poor households and schoolbags to children. He told the villagers that on the road to poverty alleviation, we should not leave a poor family and a poor people behind. The sincere and enthusiastic words of the General Secretary warm our hearts.

On February 19, 2016, the top leader communicated with villagers in Chixi Village, Ningde City, Fujian Province through video in the studio of People’s Daily.

　　Supreme Leader: The party’s news and public opinion work is an important work of the party, and it is a major event in governing the country and ensuring national security.

"The General Secretary is concerned about the people of Chixi Village"

　　Hubo(People’s Daily People’s Daily reporter): On the morning of February 19, 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to the People’s Daily Studio to connect with the People’s Daily reporter through video and communicate with the villagers in Chixi Village, Ningde City, Fujian Province.

　　Chixi village used to be a poor village, and it has achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation under the care and guidance of the general secretary for many years. In the video, the general secretary talked with Du Jiazhu, secretary of the village party branch, and Wang Shao, a retired cadre who has long been concerned about supporting poverty alleviation in Chixi Village. He said hello to the villagers and told them to protect the green mountains and green mountains and embark on a path of green development and ecological enrichment.

　　After the 8-minute connection, I saw that Wang Shao, who was over 60 years old, was as excited as a child, feeling that the general secretary was still as friendly as before, and there was no difference at all.

　　Seeing the joy of Chixi villagers receiving "reply" through online media, I realized what is the golden key to touching people’s hearts! What is the real grounding gas! Now, when I see the sign "People’s Daily" at work every day, I realize more and more the meaning and weight of the word "people"!

　　Supreme leader: solidly promote ecological environmental protection, solidly promote poverty alleviation, and solidly promote the development of ethnic areas.

"The General Secretary has fulfilled his promise to the people’s representatives"

　　He feng(Deputy to the National People’s Congress, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and President of Qinghai University for Nationalities): On the morning of March 10, 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the deliberation of the Qinghai delegation at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress. I was fortunate to present Hada to the General Secretary.

　　On that day, the general secretary approached us and shook hands with us. Watching the news at night, I saw the brightest smile in my life, and I felt extremely happy around the general secretary!

　　The general secretary listened to the deliberation speeches of the delegates and shook hands with each delegate again before leaving. He held my hand and asked about the production and life of our Tu people with concern, and said that he had been to my hometown. I said excitedly, "The people of all ethnic groups in Qinghai are looking forward to your visit to Qinghai. Please visit my hometown again." He repeatedly said, "Good, good." To my surprise, on August 23, he really came to Qinghai and even went to the home of the Tu people!

　　The general secretary has fulfilled his promise to the people’s representatives, and he is also fulfilling his solemn promise of "realizing a well-off society in an all-round way, and no nation can be less"!

　　Supreme Leader: Carry forward the spirit of planting trees by predecessors and enjoying the cool by future generations, plant a variety of trees, plant good trees and manage them well, make the mountains and rivers green and make the people’s living environment beautiful.

"Grandpa Xi planted trees with us"

　　Zhang Wanqiu(Class 5, Grade 6, Xinghai School, Daxing District, Beijing): At about 9: 30 am on April 5, 2016, Grandpa, the supreme leader, came to the site for planting trees. He shook hands with my classmates and me kindly and said kindly, "Let’s plant trees together!" "

　　As soon as we started, we picked up the shovel and bucket and followed Grandpa Xi to a white pine tree. Grandpa Xi waved a shovel to fill the soil into the tree pit, and also picked up a bucket to water the tree. Every process was done meticulously. Next, Grandpa Xi planted six more trees with us, including Ginkgo, Pinus bungeana, Acer truncatum, Prunus ulmoides and so on.

　　Grandpa Xi told us to plant more trees and protect the environment. He kindly asked us about our recent study. Seeing that we were all wearing glasses, he told us that we must protect our eyes. I hope we can grow up healthily like these young trees and become pillars of the motherland.

　　Grandpa Xi also said that it takes ten years to plant trees and a hundred years to cultivate people. Ten years later, 20 years later, you can come back to this place to see how the saplings you planted by yourself grow. This is a very meaningful thing.

On April 19, 2016, the Supreme Leader hosted a symposium on network security and informatization in Beijing and delivered an important speech.

　　Supreme Leader: In order to achieve our goal, concentric circles should be formed online and offline.

"It is the general secretary’s earnest expectation for network letter workers to gather together and become a civilized person."

　　Xie Xinzhou(President of Peking University New Media Research Institute): On April 19th, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader hosted a symposium on network security and informatization in Beijing and delivered an important speech. As an educator engaged in network research, being able to experience this historic conference has become the most precious memory left for me and my team in 2016. In my speech, I talked about the importance of "drawing concentric circles", which was discussed by the general secretary in face-to-face communication. He emphasized that the media at all levels should draw concentric circles well under the leadership of the party and carry out their work under the leadership of the party. The majority of party and government cadres should also take the initiative to touch the net, do not evade problems, do not cover up contradictions, stand firm with an open and inclusive attitude, become civilized people, and hold the center position of concentric circles. It is the general secretary’s ardent expectation for network letter workers to gather together and become a civilized person. In the future work, we hope to find a breakthrough in the ecological governance of complex networks from the "construction of trusted cyberspace" and build an Internet governance dialogue platform with multi-party participation and concerted action. Only in this way can the Internet benefit the country and people better.

On April 25, 2016, the Supreme Leader visited Yan Jinchang, the leader of the year, in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province.

　　Supreme Leader: The earth-shaking changes in Xiaogang Village are a microcosm of China’s reform and opening up.

"The general secretary hopes that our farmhouse will be better and better."

　　Yan Jinchang(Villagers in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province): On April 25, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Xiaogang Village and came to my farmhouse. He recognized me at a glance. He said with a smile, we have met, and you are a member of the "Report Group on Comrade Shen Hao’s Advanced Deeds". When talking about the future development path of Xiaogang village, I said to the general secretary, "You put forward the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and Xiaogang village also has Xiaogang dream." The general secretary was very happy and said, "When these little dreams are gathered together, they can become a big dream." Before leaving, the general secretary said to our family: "farmhouse music, happy farmhouse music." I wish your Jinchang restaurant farmhouse better and better! "

　　Our all-in-one responsibility spirit is to dare to think and do. Nowadays, the business of farmhouse is getting better and better. I plan to expand a four-story building and build a consumption center integrating catering, accommodation, entertainment and leisure, so as to truly make farmhouse bigger and better. I believe that with the joint efforts of all the villagers, Xiaogang Village will surely become a beautiful new Xiaogang with economic prosperity, social harmony, beautiful environment and villagers’ happiness.

On May 17, 2016, the Supreme Leader hosted a symposium on philosophy and social sciences in Beijing and delivered an important speech.

　　Supreme Leader: All philosophical and social science workers with ideals and ambitions should set the trend of the times, learn from the changes of the past and the present, and be the first voice of their thoughts, actively make statements and suggestions for the party and the people, and shoulder the glorious mission entrusted by history.

"Keep in mind the requirements of the General Secretary for philosophical and social scientists"

　　Shen Zhuanghai(Professor, School of Marxism, Wuhan University): On May 17, 2016, a symposium on philosophy and social science work was held in Beijing. As a young scholar, I feel very honored to attend the meeting and speak. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader listened carefully to everyone’s speeches and interacted with us on relevant topics from time to time. He said that many of your speeches were insightful and heartfelt, and they were very inspired. Subsequently, the General Secretary delivered an important speech. This speech profoundly answered a series of important questions such as the fundamental symbol, essential characteristics and construction path of China’s philosophy and social sciences with characteristics, and established a program of action to guide the prosperity and development of China’s philosophy and social sciences with characteristics at a new historical starting point. Every worker of philosophy and social sciences should keep in mind the requirement of "setting the tide of the times, connecting the changes of the past and the present, and being the first voice of ideas" put forward by the General Secretary, always adhere to the guidance of Marxism, set up the ideal of learning for the people, focus on the major issues facing contemporary China and the contemporary world, make persistent efforts for a long time, and strive to produce their own subjective and original achievements.

On May 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader had a cordial conversation with his family and neighbors at Liu Yangshun’s home, a forest farm worker of Xishui Management Office of Shangganling Forestry Bureau in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province.

　　Supreme Leader: The economic transformation and development of forest areas will face some temporary difficulties, and the Party committee and government will certainly care about it, so that everyone can live a better life, and everyone should be self-reliant and find new ways.

"The general secretary saw the dishes in our pot."

　　Liu yangshun(Staff of Xishui Management Office of Shangganling Forestry Bureau, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, the first on the right hand side of the general secretary in the picture): At 4 o’clock in the afternoon on May 23, 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and his party came to our house. He took our old couple’s hands into the yard, and when they walked, they did not forget to tell the people accompanying them: "Don’t step on the yard, the seedlings are all out." When the general secretary entered the kitchen, his wife lifted the lid and said, "General secretary, let me show you the dinner prepared by my family." Braised fish, stewed beans and pasted cakes, the general secretary looked at them and said with a smile, "It looks delicious." At this time, the yard was full of neighbors who heard the news, and the general secretary chatted with everyone sitting on the bench in front of the wooden table in the yard. He talked about the employment and entrepreneurship of employees from our income problem. Finally, the general secretary said, I am very happy to see that you have found some outlets for production and life. The CPC Central Committee has always cared about everyone, the policies of the party and the government will be consistent, and everyone will have to rely on their own efforts to find new ways to rejuvenate Yichun old forest area. Although the forest area has stopped cutting, we must not "look at the forest and sigh", but strive to find ways to start a business, seek benefits from green mountains and green mountains, and walk out of a new path of transformation and development in our forest area.

On July 1, 2016, the conference to celebrate the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing. The Supreme Leader delivered an important speech and presented awards to outstanding Communist party member, outstanding party workers and representatives of advanced grass-roots party organizations.

　　Supreme Leader: Facing the future and facing challenges, all party comrades must not forget their initial intentions and move on.

"The general secretary kindly called out my name."

　　jian liqun(Director, Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University): On July 1, 2016, the conference to celebrate the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in the Great Hall of the People. I was fortunate to receive the award as the representative of the outstanding Communist Party of China, party member, but I never thought that it was the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader who gave me the award.

　　When receiving the award, the general secretary called out my name and told me to make persistent efforts. I was so excited and nervous that I didn’t have time to say a few more words to the general secretary. In fact, I want to say that this honor belongs not only to me personally, but also to Beijing Children’s Hospital and all medical workers. We will not live up to the expectations of the country and the people. At the meeting, the general secretary encouraged all party comrades not to forget their initial intentions and move on. As a communist party member, an ordinary doctor, the dream of the families of thousands of children in Qian Qian is also my biggest dream: that is to make the children better, grow better and live better. For this dream, for the doctor’s initial heart, I think all persistence and dedication are worthwhile.

On July 18th, 2016, the Supreme Leader had a cordial conversation with his family and villagers’ representatives at Mark Jun’s home in Yangling Village, Dawan Township, Jingyuan County, Guyuan City, Ningxia.

　　Supreme Leader: Good days are obtained through hard work. Developing industry is the fundamental strategy to get rid of poverty.

"The general secretary took my hand and called me bro."

　　Makjun(Villager in Yangling Village, Dawan Township, Jingyuan County, Guyuan City, Ningxia, shaking hands with the General Secretary in the picture): I used to see the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on TV. I didn’t expect to communicate with him face to face one day. On July 18, 2016, the arrival of the General Secretary made our family very lively. He first came to the cowshed in the corner of the yard. At that time, five cows were raised at home. The general secretary asked me how much it cost to build a cowshed and raise cattle, how much the state subsidized, and how much a cow could earn. When I came to the house, the general secretary sat on the kang of my house, took my hand and said, "You are younger than me, and you are my brother. I am very happy to see that the life of you and the villagers is getting better and better. " The scene always excites me when I recall it. The general secretary said that this was his third visit to Guyuan. This time, he learned that the village had solved the drinking water problem, the living conditions such as housing had improved significantly, and he began to find a way to get rid of poverty in the industry. He was very pleased. Before leaving, the general secretary asked me, "Do you have confidence in getting rid of poverty in the future?" I replied: "Now the party’s policy is so good, as long as people are diligent, they will definitely get rich, and I have confidence in getting rid of poverty!"

　　Supreme Leader: Each of us should cherish life, pursue health, and strive to create a wonderful life worthy of the times.

"General Secretary came to Tangshan to visit our paraplegic wounded"

　　Li guomin(The paraplegic wounded in Tangshan paraplegic sanatorium, Hebei Province, shaking hands with the general secretary in the picture): I am 60 years old. I used to work in No.8 Farm in Tang Haixian (now caofeidian area), Tangshan City. I was paraplegic in 1976 due to the earthquake.

　　At 10 am on July 28th, 2016, I was doing rehabilitation training with three other paraplegic patients in the rehabilitation room. Just then, the Supreme Leader General Secretary came to the recovery room with a smile on his face. He said, "I want to shake hands with everyone here." The general secretary shook hands while chatting with us like a family member and asked us in detail where we were injured at that time. How long was the treatment? Is there any other discomfort in your body now? Who are there in the family? Do family members often come to visit? How is life now? What does this exercise do? Care for us is really meticulous.

　　After leaving the rehabilitation room, the general secretary visited everyone in the reading room, the patient convalescent room and the activity room.

　　The arrival of the general secretary made us very excited and very proud and happy. We will continue to live an optimistic life and continue the miracle of life in the "mother’s home" of paraplegic sanatorium.

On July 29, 2016, the ceremony of the promotion of the rank of general by the Central Military Commission was held in Beijing Bayi Building. The supreme leader issued a writ to the officer who was promoted to the rank of general.

On August 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader inspected the ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation at the construction site of Banyan Village, Fifty Town, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province.

　　Supreme Leader: Resettlement is an effective way to get rid of poverty. Migrant relocation should fully solicit the opinions of farmers and let them participate in the planning of new villages.

"The villagers are very sad that they didn’t present a Hada to the general secretary and propose a glass of highland barley wine."

　　Lv Zhiwu(Villagers in Banyan New Village, Fifty Town, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province, the third from the left in the front row): More than 100 families in Banyan Village are scattered in the slope of Shanlianggou, drinking cellar water for a long time, and the crops have been dry for ten years. Since the implementation of precision poverty alleviation, a new poverty alleviation village has been built.

　　On the morning of August 23, it was raining lightly. The Supreme Leader General Secretary wore rain boots and stepped on the dirt road to visit our new village under construction. I am very honored to accompany you all the way. While walking, the general secretary asked me about the crop harvest this year and the annual income and expenditure. Walking into my new courtyard, the general secretary said happily that the water, electricity and communication in the new village are convenient, and I hope the villagers will live a better life.

　　The general secretary is also very concerned about our plan to get rid of poverty and get rich after moving, and encourages us to stand on our own feet and get rid of poverty as soon as possible. Regrettably, we didn’t present a Hada to the General Secretary or a glass of highland barley wine, but greeted the General Secretary empty-handed, and the villagers felt very sad.

On August 25th, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with all members of the China sports delegation in the 31st Olympic Games.

　　Supreme Leader: The performance of Chinese athletes at the Rio Olympic Games showed strong positive energy and the spirit of "how many times can life have".

"The general secretary said: ‘ Comrade Lang Ping, congratulations ’ "

　　Jane Lang(At that time, the head coach of the national women’s volleyball team): In late August 2016, we just won the championship at the Rio Olympic Games and returned to Beijing, when we received the notice that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader would meet the China Olympic delegation in the Great Hall of the People on the 25th. For all the coaches and athletes of the delegation, this is the greatest affirmation and encouragement, and it also reflects the attention and concern of the party and the state for sports undertakings and sportsmen in China. Many of us are excited and nervous when we meet the general secretary for the first time. On the way, I also remembered that Comrade Xi Zhongxun, the father of the General Secretary, visited the China Women’s Volleyball Team at Zhangzhou Training Base in Fujian more than 20 years ago, and asked about our training competition with special concern. How many years have passed … … When I met the general secretary, I said "Good Chief" and the general secretary said: "Comrade Lang Ping, congratulations!" Later, in his speech, he also specifically mentioned the China Women’s Volleyball Team, praising us for not giving up our efforts in such a difficult situation, fighting hard and playing Chinese’s ambition! We are greatly encouraged by the encouragement of the General Secretary. China Women’s Volleyball Team will certainly continue to inherit and carry forward the tenacious struggle and enterprising spirit of the old women’s volleyball team. Do not forget your initiative mind will continue to work hard and live up to the high expectations of the General Secretary and the people of the whole country.

　　Supreme Leader: I hope that students will keep and develop their football hobbies, and feel the collective strength, experience the fun of sports and strengthen their physical fitness in football.

"Grandpa Xi watched us dribble."

　　Zhang Dongliang(Class 2, Grade 6, Beijing Bayi School): On the morning of September 9, 2016, we were having a football class on the playground. Suddenly, a tall and familiar figure appeared in front of us, and when we looked intently, it was the Supreme Leader Grandpa! We excitedly ran to Grandpa Xi and immediately surrounded Grandpa Xi. Grandpa Xi patted us on the shoulder happily and asked about our football training. He was very kind. We slowly relaxed our nervous mood and unambiguously showed Grandpa Xi the basic skills of football — — Vertex ball

　　习爷爷笑着对大家说，50多年前我就在这个地方踢过球，那时候还是土场子。我们的球队在北京市比赛中拿过冠军，在全国比赛得了第4名。

　　习爷爷还与我们合了影，他希望八一学校足球队将来出一批足球人才。习爷爷鼓励我们要努力，要有不服输的精神。每当我要放弃的时候，习爷爷的话就萦绕在我的耳边，时刻激励着我。奋斗吧！少年，为中华崛起！

“总书记和我们一起向人民英雄致敬”

　　谢均岩（中国矿业大学［北京］教师）：2016年9月30日上午，烈士纪念日向人民英雄敬献花篮仪式在北京天安门广场隆重举行。我校46名师生代表参加了仪式。

　　人民英雄纪念碑北侧花坛上，红白两色花朵组成的花环，寄托着人们对英烈的无限哀思。最高领袖总书记等党和国家领导人登上纪念碑基座，在花篮前深情驻足凝视。之后，总书记走上前，仔细整理花篮缎带。接着，缓步绕行，瞻仰人民英雄纪念碑。

　　In the solemn ceremony, the representatives of teachers and students in our school were listed in the first phalanx, holding pale yellow chrysanthemums and silently expressing their admiration to the people’s heroes. When I followed the footsteps of the General Secretary and paid tribute to the Monument to the People’s Heroes, I saw countless scenes of revolutionary ancestors fighting bloody battles, knowing that a happy and peaceful life is hard-won. We should inherit the legacy of the martyrs and make unremitting efforts to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

On October 21, 2016, the conference to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army’s Long March was held in Beijing. The supreme leader delivered an important speech at the conference.

　　Supreme Leader: Carry forward the spirit of the Great Long March and take the road of today’s Long March.

"Listening to the general secretary’s speech on the Long March, my eyes filled with tears."

　　Wang Dingguo(104-year-old Red Army, Mrs. Xie Juezai): On the morning of October 21st, 2016, a conference was held in the Great Hall of the People to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army’s Long March. Early in the morning, I asked someone to help me get dressed and put on my favorite Red Army hat and the commemorative medallion for the 80th anniversary of the Long March victory.

　　At 10 o’clock, the speech of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader began. I was so excited that tears filled my eyes. When the general secretary proposed that "all of us stand up in silence for the revolutionary martyrs who died heroically on the way to the Long March and in the revolutionary struggles in various places", although the staff had told me in advance that I didn’t have to stand up, I still asked people to stand in silence with help.

　　When the general secretary said, "The Long March is long in duration, large in scale, long in journey, sinister in environment and fierce in fighting … …” I can’t help being immersed in deep memories.

　　"The Long March is always on the road. A nation that doesn’t remember its route is a nation with no way out … …” After the general secretary’s speech, I still applauded hard for a long time. (Wang Dingguo’s son Xie Yaxu finishing)

From October 24 to 27, 2016, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of communist party, China was held in Beijing. The supreme leader made an important speech.

　　Supreme Leader: The key to China’s success lies in the Party, and the key lies in the Party’s management and strict administration of the Party.

"The general secretary’s demand for strict administration of the party is the hope of the people and the aspiration of the party."

　　Ye Xiaowen(Former Party Secretary of the Central Institute of Socialism): Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way is the distinctive theme of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee. As a participant, I deeply feel: Why can things in China be done well? Because the people always support the leadership of the party, and the party strictly manages the party for the people. With the political courage of self-revolution, we should try our best to solve the outstanding problems of our own existence, overcome all the problems that affect the creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the party, thoroughly treat all the diseases that damage the advanced nature and purity of the party, and resolutely eliminate all the cancers that breed on the healthy body of the party.

　　The plenary session deliberated and adopted "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation" and "Regulations on Inner-Party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC)". Orders are forbidden, and words are followed. Seriously, there are marks on the iron.

　　People’s expectations: The key to China’s success lies in the Party. The party’s aspiration: it is necessary to be hard to strike the iron and strictly manage the party.

　　Supreme Leader: It is the common will of all Chinese people to ensure the integrity of the country and safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.

"The general secretary said that it is necessary to ensure the integrity of the country and not be divided."

　　Chen jianxing(Xinhua News Agency): On November 1, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader met with a delegation from the Kuomintang of China led by President Hong Xiuzhu in Beijing.

　　I participated in the report of this meeting, and the general secretary put forward six opinions on the development of cross-strait relations. He emphasized that the two sides of the strait are a community of destiny that is constantly giving up. Adhering to the political foundation of the "1992 Consensus" which embodies the one-China principle, maintaining peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and maintaining the peaceful development of cross-strait relations are the mainstream public opinion of compatriots on both sides of the strait. It is the common will of all Chinese people to ensure the integrity of the country and safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. It is an irresistible historical trend to realize national rejuvenation and create a prosperous China.

　　The general secretary’s speech put forward important ideas to promote the development of cross-strait relations at present and in the future, answered questions that compatriots on both sides of the strait are generally concerned about, played an important guiding role in promoting the development of cross-strait relations under the new situation, and produced positive and enthusiastic responses among compatriots from all walks of life on both sides of the strait.

On November 7, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with all the representatives of the 9th Council of the All-China Journalists Association and the winners of the China Prize for Journalism and the Taofen Prize for the Yangtze River in Beijing.

　　Supreme Leader: Be a journalist trusted by the Party and the people.

"I saw the concern, sincerity and respect in the eyes of the general secretary."

　　Guan Bin(Winner of Taofen Award in Yangtze River, senior reporter of Economic Daily): At 8: 00 am on November 7, 2016, I took a bus with everyone to the Golden Hall on the third floor of the Great Hall of the People. All the representatives of the 9th Council of the All-China Journalists Association and the winners of China Prize for Journalism and Taofen Award in Yangtze River lined up in a photo queue.

　　At 9: 30, I saw the Supreme Leader General Secretary coming to us with a smile, wearing a black suit, a white jacket and a red tie. He shook hands from the left to the right of the queue in turn, and warm applause surged like a flood, turning the golden hall into a sea of joy and happiness.

　　When the general secretary’s generous hand shook mine, a force like "how the Yellow River’s waters move out of heaven" ran through my heart. When I looked at the general secretary, I saw the concern, sincerity and respect in his eyes.

　　After taking a group photo, the general secretary delivered an important speech. I am deeply moved and encouraged, and I will never forget it in this life.

On November 9, 2016, the Supreme Leader came to the China Manned Space Engineering Command Center and had a cordial conversation with Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, astronauts of Shenzhou XI, who were on a mission in Tiangong-2.

　　Supreme Leader: We are very happy to see that you are in good condition.

"President Xi said: ‘ Your birthday is in the sky, which is a high-level birthday ’ "

　　Jing Haipeng(Deputy Military Astronaut of the Astronaut Brigade of China People’s Liberation Army): On the afternoon of November 9, 2016, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader came to the China Manned Space Engineering Command Center and had a cordial conversation with two astronauts, Chen Dong and I, who were on a mission at Tiangong-2. President Xi’s words are very warm: "We are very happy to see you in good condition."

　　At 10 o’clock on the morning of December 20th, President Xi met with our Shenzhou XI flight crew and participants. He took my hand kindly and asked, how is your physical recovery? I thought it was just a short conversation. I didn’t expect President Xi to hold my hand all the time and say with a smile, "I heard that your birthday was in the sky. It’s a high-level birthday." President Xi is busy, and I still remember my birthday. I am very moved and very happy. President Xi went on to say, "You went to space three times, and it was the general who went to space." I replied excitedly: "Thank you for your concern and the cultivation of the Party." President Xi told me: "Haipeng, I hope you will continue to work hard and make new contributions."

On November 15, 2016, the top leader voted in the election of deputies to the District People’s Congress at Huairentang polling station in Zhongnanhai constituency, Xicheng District, Beijing.

　　Supreme Leader: The election work should adhere to the party’s leadership, persist in promoting democracy, act in strict accordance with the law, and protect the people’s right to vote and stand for election.

"I witnessed the general secretary cast a solemn vote as an ordinary voter."

　　Tian Jude(Secretary of the Working Committee of West Chang ‘an Street, Xicheng District, Beijing): November 15, 2016 is a day that I will never forget. As a grass-roots staff member, I have the honor to witness the Supreme Leader General Secretary cast a solemn vote as an ordinary voter in the general election of people’s congresses in Beijing. Later, the general secretary also shook hands and talked with us cordially, and asked with concern about the development of the election work, the protection of the style and features of Wenbao District, and urban management in Xicheng District. In the meantime, the general secretary also deeply recalled the unforgettable years when he lived in the old Gulou area of Beijing in his youth, and asked with concern about the improvement of people’s livelihood problems such as the difficulty in buying food and parking in the bungalow area there, and earnestly told us to do our best to make people’s lives more convenient. The general secretary took time out of his busy schedule to take the lead in grassroots democratic elections, and chatted with us kindly. He was very concerned about the safety and well-being of the masses and deeply concerned about the frontline work at the grassroots level. This warm scene has been deeply fixed in my heart.

On November 30th, 2016, the 10th National Congress of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the 9th National Congress of Chinese Writers Association opened in Beijing. The supreme leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech.

　　Supreme Leader: Strive to build a literary peak in the era of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

"Keep in mind the entrustment of the General Secretary and tell the story of China to the world."

　　Yu Kuizhi(Famous Peking Opera Performing Artist): On the morning of November 30, 2016, as a literary and art worker, I listened to the important speech of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.

　　Wen Yun is linked with the national movement, and the context is linked with the national context. The general secretary stressed that the vast number of literary and art workers should adhere to creative transformation and innovative development, hold high the torch of national spirit, blow the horn of the times, and produce more excellent works that reflect the voice of the times, show the people’s struggle, inspire the national spirit and cultivate noble sentiments, and strive to build a literary peak in the era of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The general secretary’s words made me deeply feel the mission and responsibility. The general secretary cares about Beijing opera and has watched Beijing opera performances many times. The General Secretary has earnestly entrusted that Peking Opera is the quintessence of China and should tell the story of China well to the world. In order to achieve this goal, in addition to our own tireless exploration of Beijing opera art, we should also pay attention to strengthening publicity and expanding the influence of Beijing opera. At the invitation of Canada, I will appear on the stage of "Happy Chinese New Year Overseas Spring Festival Gala" on Canadian national television in the Spring Festival of 2017 to spread the splendid Chinese culture and let the world know more about China.

The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting.

Review and standardize the relevant treatment of party and state leaders and other documents

　　On November 30, 2016, a meeting was held in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, at which documents regulating the treatment of party and state leaders, Regulations on Working Organs in the Communist Party of China (CPC) (Trial) and Several Provisions on Democratic Life Meeting of Leading Cadres of Party and State Organs in party member at or above the county level were reviewed and approved. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the meeting.

　　The meeting held that the treatment of office space, housing, car use, transportation, staffing, vacation and rest for party and state leaders should be further stipulated, and it was clearly stated that the office space should be vacated in time when the party and state leaders retired; Can not be equipped with vehicles exceeding the standard, take vehicles exceeding the standard, and go out without pomp to minimize the impact on people’s production and life; According to the regulations, staff should be equipped and education management should be strengthened, and relatives and staff around them should be strictly restrained; Reduce the rest time for vacations in other places and implement a strict approval system. These regulations adhere to strict requirements, unify norms and strengthen constraints in accordance with the principle of "ensuring the needs of work and giving appropriate treatment at a low level", which is an important measure to implement the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, an expansion and deepening of the eight central regulations, and is of great significance to strengthening the party’s work style. It fully embodies that the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core insists on setting an example and taking the lead in setting an example, and has an important demonstration and leading role for the whole party.

On December 7-8, 2016, the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities was held in Beijing. The supreme leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech.

　　Supreme Leader: Ideological and political work in colleges and universities is related to the fundamental problem of what kind of people colleges and universities train, how to train them and for whom.

"Listening to the inculcation of the General Secretary makes me feel warm, confident and motivated."

　　Jiang yuyuan(Deputy Director of Organization Department of Northeastern University Party Committee): December 7, 2016 is a day that I will never forget. On this day, the CPC Central Committee held a national conference on ideological and political work in colleges and universities in Beijing. The Supreme Leader General Secretary made clear requirements for strengthening and improving ideological and political work in colleges and universities under the new situation and made major arrangements. The scene where the general secretary was with us that day still haunts my mind.

　　There is nothing more touching than affection. At this landmark meeting, the general secretary spent three hours, combining his own growth and work experience, and exchanging the ideological and political work in colleges and universities with the delegates in an affectionate and simple way, as usual. The general secretary is handy and eloquent about the law and development direction of ideological and political work in colleges and universities, which fully reflects the general secretary’s attention and familiarity with the work in colleges and universities. Warm applause broke out many times at the meeting. As a grass-roots party worker in colleges and universities, I was able to listen to the inculcation of the general secretary on the spot, which made me feel warm, confident and motivated.

　　Supreme Leader: We should attach importance to the construction of family civilization, and strive to make thousands of families in Qian Qian an important starting point for national development, national progress and social harmony, and a place where people dream of sailing.

"I want to be the leader of creating a civilized family and let the general secretary rest assured."

　　Wang laxu(Winner of the first "National Civilized Family" and Director of Xingdong Mine Production Department of Hebei Jizhong Energy Co., Ltd.): As a representative of the national civilized family, I was received by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader. The first time I had the opportunity to shake hands with the general secretary, I was particularly excited.

　　Building a civilized family is what every citizen should do, but the party has given me such a great honor. The deeds of other representatives attending the meeting also moved me to tears, and each of their families had touching stories. Professor Li Baoguo has been fighting with farmers in the front line of poverty alleviation through science and technology for more than 30 years, and his whole family fully supports him. Their family is an example for me to learn. Some heroes have won prizes, but they can never see their medals … … Compared with them, I feel that I have done nothing. Taking part in this activity, I received a spiritual baptism.

　　I found the direction from the general secretary’s high evaluation and ardent expectation of civilized families. When I go back, I will definitely be the leader in creating a civilized family. With more civilized families in the country, the country will be stable, which will reassure the general secretary.

On December 20, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with the astronauts of Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou-11 manned missions and representatives of the participants.

　　Supreme Leader: I hope that the vast number of astronauts will bravely climb the peak and keep moving forward on the journey of space development, and make contributions to building a space power and a world science and technology power.

"Keep in mind President Xi’s entrustment and contribute to the realization of the dream of a powerful country."

　　Zhao pisheng(Associate Research Fellow, Environmental Control and Life Insurance Research Office, China Astronaut Research and Training Center): On the morning of December 20th, 2016, I was cordially received by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader in the Great Hall of the People as a representative of the technical cadres of Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou-11 manned missions. Although I have been engaged in manned space flight for 20 years, I am very excited and proud to participate in such activities for the first time.

　　At 10 o’clock in the morning, accompanied by warm applause, President Xi walked slowly towards us. I applauded warmly with everyone, staring at President Xi, watching President Xi and the representatives in the front row shake hands and have a cordial conversation. At that moment, there was only one thought in my heart, that is, I kept reminding myself that I must stand up straight and show my best image to President Xi, so that President Xi could rest assured of our space team. After taking a group photo with everyone, President Xi delivered an important speech. After listening to President Xi’s speech, I deeply feel that the mission of manned spaceflight I am engaged in is great and glorious. In the future, I must bear in mind President Xi’s entrustment, make persistent efforts and make unremitting efforts to contribute to the journey of realizing the dream of becoming a powerful country.

On December 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with Leung Chun-ying, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, who was in Beijing on duty.

　　The Supreme Leader said that on major issues such as curbing "Hong Kong independence" and handling street violence in accordance with the law, the Basic Law, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s interpretation of the Basic Law and the laws of the Special Administrative Region were strictly followed, thus safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and maintaining Hong Kong’s economic development and social stability. The Supreme Leader asked the Chief Executive to convey his and the Central Government’s New Year greetings to the people of Hong Kong.

On December 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader met in Zhongnanhai with Chui Sai On, Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, who came to Beijing to report on his work.

　　The Supreme Leader hopes that the Chief Executive and the SAR Government will unite and lead all sectors of society to inherit and carry forward the tradition of loving the country and Macao, and persist in planning and carrying out their work from the overall situation of national strategy and the overall prosperity and stability of Macao; Insist on developing the economy and improving people’s livelihood in the first place; Adhere to effective administration according to law and make Macao more beautiful, better and more prosperous. The Supreme Leader asked the Chief Executive to convey his and the Central Government’s New Year greetings to the people of Macao.

Original SME SME technology story

Chemical plant explosions have occurred frequently at home and abroad, which is frightening.

One to two, people have a fear of dangerous chemicals.

But life is always inseparable from chemistry, and even the fertilizer used in the cultivation of essential grain may be explosive and dangerous goods. Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used agricultural fertilizer, but it is also the "culprit" that caused the worst industrial disaster in American history.

Smoke billowing from the explosion in the worst industrial disaster in American history.

This chemical with the word "nitrate" as the head is always disturbing.

Perhaps it is because they are often known together with explosions. For example, trinitrotoluene, the main component of TNT explosives, is made by nitration of toluene.

The great power of TNT has long been recognized. A Grenade thrown on the battlefield killed and injured a large area only contains 50 grams of TNT, and 14 kilograms of TNT can destroy a football field.

As early as the mid-19th century, Swedish engineers applied for a patent to support mixed explosives with ammonium nitrate and other combustion improvers.

Ammonium nitrate has since become a widely used raw material for industrial explosives.

A quarter pound TNT Grenade

Although ammonium nitrate can be used as an explosive, pure ammonium nitrate without combustion improver is actually the most difficult nitric explosive to detonate.

It does not burn by itself at room temperature, and ammonium nitrate is extremely insensitive to impact.

The experimental study shows that the 50kg hammer falls on solid ammonium nitrate from a height of 50cm, and its explosion probability is 0;

Compared with the famous explosive nitroglycerin, a 200g hammer can be detonated 100% when it falls from a height of 20cm.

At the same time, ammonium nitrate has a high nitrogen concentration and stable performance, so people often use it as a nitrogen-containing fertilizer.

Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly helpful to improve the yield and quality of crops.

As everyone knows, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which made people relax their vigilance, triggered a sudden compound disaster of land, sea and air.

Ammonium nitrate fertilizer

After World War II, although the United States won the war, most areas fell into the post-war economic depression.

However, the southern city of Texas is a different story.

This coastal city is busy day and night, with chemical plants and oil refineries running nonstop, and there are endless cargo ships in the port.

At that time, Texas was praised as a "port of opportunity" by major American media and newspapers, and it was the core of industrial development in the South.

This prosperity made the whole country envy, but soon, the prosperous industrial development also brewed a small Mars that destroyed everything.

By 1947, about 2,500 ships visited the ports in Texas every year, and even Monsanto opened a chemical plant in the town.

On April 16th, the wharf began to operate before dawn as usual, but it was a special day recorded in American industrial history.

There is a cargo ship, the Grand Camp, moored beside the port. This French cargo ship has been staying for five days.

The ship is loaded with some oilfield equipment, drill pipes, hemp ropes and weapons and ammunition shipped from Belgium.

And its main "passenger" is actually 2300 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

At 8 o’clock in the morning, the crew was carrying the few remaining bags of ammonium nitrate into the cabin, when a smell of smoke caught their attention.

They looked intently and saw that the smoke seemed to be coming from the No.4 cabin where fertilizer was piled up.

Perhaps some ignorant crew member or docker ignored the no-smoking sign and smoked on the ship, which caused the fire.

The fire quickly spread to the deck and hull surface, and the smoke became bigger and bigger.

The crew quickly picked up fire extinguishers and fire pipes to put out the fire, and more than 20 firefighters arrived in time.

Seeing that the fire did not decrease, it became more and more intense, and the crew came up with another fire extinguishing method.

Rescuers stopped using water to put out the fire, but sealed the warehouse with slats and covered it with tarpaulins;

Then the high-temperature steam is introduced into the cabin, and it is intended to squeeze out the oxygen in the cabin in this form.

In this way, without one of the three elements of combustion, combustion can not continue.

This method was a common fire fighting method for cargo ships at that time, and the captain also mixed selfishness in it-reducing the loss caused by the wet goods.

* Note: Material combustion requires three elements: combustion improver, combustible and temperature reaching the ignition point. Among them, oxygen is the most common combustion promoter.

People never expected that this method was really good, but it was equivalent to adding fuel to the fire for the cargo ship transporting ammonium nitrate.

More terrible than the fire of ammonium nitrate is the explosion.

Although ammonium nitrate is resistant to impact, it is very fragile in the face of high temperature.

When the temperature reaches about 165℃ or comes into contact with an open flame, solid ammonium nitrate will rapidly decompose to produce nitrous oxide and water vapor.

Nitrous oxide will also be converted into oxygen at high temperature, and the gas that rescuers tried their best to remove reappeared.

At this time, the reaction brewing in the air is not just as simple as burning.

The high temperature and high pressure environment created by firefighters made the warehouse a closed container to accelerate the explosion reaction.

People didn’t know anything about it at that time, only to find that even with powerful rescue forces, the fire was still too big to control.

At 8: 30, the captain ordered to abandon the Grand Camp and bear the loss of all the goods.

However, he was only distressed to lose a ship and cargo, but he didn’t expect the fire to turn into a bigger disaster.

At 9: 12, a loud bang from the port made almost the whole city tremble.

A fireball went straight into the sky and turned the sky red. Thick smoke soared to an altitude of 610 meters and spread everywhere. Part of the hull melted into pieces and jetted out of the dock.

Two planes accidentally flew over at this time and were directly destroyed and fell.

The explosion near the wharf caused the 160km water body in Fiona Fang to be choppy, which triggered a tsunami, and set off waves as high as 4.5m, hitting the land.

Even Houston, 40 kilometers north of Texas, felt a violent vibration, and the window glass of some houses was directly shattered.

This has become a major disaster facing the sea, land and air in all directions.

In the sudden explosion, none of the first firefighters who entered the rescue survived.

Nearby residents took refuge at home with trepidation, but they still could not escape the surging tsunami.

The fire that continues the explosion is still going on, which makes people afraid to get close.

The busy Texas dock is not a harbor of the Grand Camp, but dense cargo ships and chemical plants and refineries along the coast have become another hidden danger.

Just 15 hours after the explosion, people have not recovered from it, and the second explosion happened.

A large number of chemical plants and refineries are densely distributed.

On the coast 200 meters away from the Grand Camp, there is also a cargo ship named Success.

This cargo ship also contains nearly 1000 tons of ammonium nitrate and 180 tons of sulfur.

The explosion and fire extended to the USS Success, bringing a second thrilling explosion.

The explosion triggered a series of chain reactions, and nearby freighters and factories exploded one after another.

Successive disasters eventually killed 581 people and injured more than 3,500 people. At that time, more than a quarter of the population in Texas was killed or injured in the disaster.

Thousands of residential buildings and commercial buildings were destroyed by the tsunami, and 1,100 docks were damaged.

At that time, the prosperous capital and industrial city of Texas lost about $100 million (equivalent to more than $1 billion now).

This is the worst disaster in American industrial history, and the reasons behind it are complicated and strange.

First of all, there was a small fire in the cabin for reasons that have not been clear so far.

Then rescuers used self-defeating fire fighting methods, which eventually aggravated the explosion.

At the same time, the government regulatory agencies themselves have many loopholes.

In the era of post-war economic recovery, the industrial process has become the most important thing beyond laws and policies, and managers can only ignore the interests.

After the accident, a large-scale funeral was held for the unidentified victims.

At that time, there were about 6,000 fertilizer chemical plants in the United States, but most of them did not report the storage of ammonium nitrate in the Department of Homeland Security, although the inventory was as high as 1,300 times that of the mandatory review.

It is conceivable that the industrial intensive Texas was equivalent to hiding countless stealth bombs at that time, just waiting for an opportunity to detonate.

Once detonated, it will lead to irreparable loss of life and property.

Only in this way can the federal government face up to the audit and supervision of chemical plants and dangerous chemicals.

The government has drawn up new standards and improved the management and transportation system of dangerous chemicals. Enterprises have also established an industrial mutual aid system, and agreed to join hands in the event of danger.

This appalling Texas explosion has become history, and the United States has entered a new era of strict industrial management.

Afterwards, major media rushed to report the accident.

But no matter what era the strict system is put in, there will always be people who exploit loopholes.

Dangerous chemicals such as ammonium nitrate are never kind to those who neglect them.

In 2013, also in Texas, another chemical fertilizer factory exploded.

However, this time, it was no longer because of people’s ignorance that the mistake was made, but the chemical fertilizer plant built a non-compliant ammonia storage tank privately.

Up to 24 tons of anhydrous ammonia accidentally triggered an explosion, killing 35 people.

Sadly, some people were killed innocently in the explosion of ammonium nitrate, and some people deliberately used ammonium nitrate as a weapon for terrorist attacks.

In 2011, a nightclub in Bali exploded. This is a vicious explosion in which 202 people were killed by terrorists using ammonium nitrate.

In 1995, terrorists used ammonium nitrate to make explosives to blow up the federal building.

Chemicals usually have both advantages and disadvantages for human beings.

Ammonium nitrate is a common industrial explosive, but it is also a good fertilizer.

Nitroglycerin, which can be used as an explosive, is also a good medicine for cardiovascular diseases …

People often suffer while using them to achieve certain interests.

However, the progress of human beings lies in that no matter how dangerous the substance is, it can be controlled by human beings and finally serve human beings.

Ammonium nitrate. Wikipedia, June 26, 2019.

MarcLallanilla, LiveScience. What Causes Fertilizer Explosions? ScientificAmerican, 2013.04.18.

1947 TexasCity Disaster. Moore Memorial Publiclibrary.

MichaelBaumann. How a Fertilizer Accident Led to the Deadliest Industrial Disaster inAmerican History. The Ringer, 2017.08.24.

SteveOlafson. The Explosion: 50 Years Later, Texas City still Remembers/’Texas Cityjust blew up’/A powerful chemical explosion 50 years ago propelled a small porttown into an unwelcome national and world spotlight. Chron, 1997.04.13.

Original title: "How terrible is the explosion of ammonium nitrate? A cargo ship full of fertilizer blew up thousands of buildings.

Read the original text

　　"Going out for investment promotion 147 times, and the main leaders went out for investment promotion 37 times. In the first eight months of this year, 165 new projects were under discussion, with a planned total investment of 78.2 billion yuan, including 19 projects with a total investment of more than 1 billion yuan. The total planned investment of newly contracted projects is 38.8 billion yuan, and the target progress is 97%. 8 projects ranging from 1 billion yuan to 5 billion yuan, achieving 100% of the target progress; Over 10 billion yuan project, 100% of the target schedule. The total planned investment of newly started projects is 17.4 billion yuan, and the target progress is 75.7%. " Yesterday, the relevant person in charge of the Guanyun County Bureau of Commerce introduced.

　　Carry out accurate investment promotion in the industrial chain. Guanyun County has always adhered to the principle of "going out, please come in", and participated in the Suzhou Station of the 2022 Guanyun Victoria’s Secret Town Yangtze River Delta Investment Promotion Conference and the 2022 Guanyun (Hangzhou) Digital Economy Investment Promotion Conference, focusing on promotion and expanding influence. In the introduction of projects, we should conscientiously do a good job in project demonstration, highlight industries, attach importance to industrial projects, attract investment in the industrial chain and attract investment accurately, and pay attention to leading projects with large investment scale, strong radiation capacity and high industrial correlation. Focus on leading industries such as new chemical materials, healthy food, equipment manufacturing, high-end textiles, airport economy and modern agriculture to attract investment and make full use of Guanyun — Jiangyin’s "North-South Linkage" is an opportunity to innovate investment ideas and seize the opportunity of Jiangyin’s industrial reform to seize a number of good projects.

　　Implement the project pre-examination mechanism. Pre-audit the industrial policy, various planning, technical level, energy consumption, ecological environment impact, safety assessment, investment intensity, output benefit and other factors involved in the settled projects, further improve the quality of investment projects, standardize investment behavior, enhance the rationality of project layout and scientific decision-making, and speed up the project landing.

　　Unswervingly grasp big projects. Adhering to the principle of "project is king" and implementing the "four ones" promotion mechanism, Shenghong Group’s aramid project with an investment of 15.8 billion yuan has been signed, and other pre-project procedures such as planning and design conditions, environmental assessment, energy assessment and safety assessment are being promoted in an orderly manner.

　　Optimize the construction of business environment. We will carry out the special action of "Optimizing the Business Environment to Attack the Hard Year" to further optimize the business environment and continuously enhance the vitality of market players. Always adhere to the mechanism of "optimizing the business environment and serving investment projects", improve the basic facilities, improve the service quality, create a "government ruled by law, honest government and service government", and continuously activate the driving force of economic development. Introduce the service concept, sort out the service list, establish special service classes, and improve the service quality. (Reporter Villi correspondent Xia Xingyu)

　　(Source: Lianyungang Release)

　　Soymilk, fried dough sticks and tea eggs. In Teheran, the capital of Iran, far from home, the China Red Cross assisted the Iranian volunteer medical expert team to have a Chinese breakfast specially prepared for them.

　　March 20th is the traditional Iranian festival Nowruz, which is the Iranian New Year, equivalent to the first day of the Spring Festival in China.

　　The local Chinese-funded enterprises specially sent these love breakfasts early in the morning to express their gratitude to the China experts who have been busy in Iran in recent days and provided them with epidemic prevention training, epidemic question and answer, diagnosis and other services.

　　China expert group visited Iranian local hospitals. (Image provided by the interviewee)

　　From the Lunar New Year in China to the traditional Iranian New Year, these China experts have been racing against the epidemic all the way without stopping. After eating the love breakfast, they immediately set off and started a new day’s intense work.

　　An expert from China who moved to Iran from Wuhan said that he hoped that Iran would welcome spring flowers like Wuhan as soon as possible.

　　Looking forward to, looking forward to, the pace of spring is closer.

　　Iran’s most deserted traditional festival

　　Look forward to spring.

　　Around March 20th every year is the most important traditional festival in Iran — — Nowruz, the Iranian New Year. Similar to the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival in Chinese, local people usually visit relatives and friends and greet each other during the festival to welcome the coming of spring.

　　On March 19, Iranian people wore masks to pick flowers and prepare to celebrate the festival. Xinhua news agency

　　However, this holiday season, Iran is still mired in the epidemic, and the confirmed data is still in a period of rapid growth. As of March 20th, the number of confirmed cases in COVID-19 has approached 20,000. According to the Iranian Ministry of Health on the 19th, an average of 50 people are diagnosed every hour in Iran.

　　The Iranian government called on residents to stay at home to celebrate the festival and prevent the spread of the epidemic.

　　On March 19, Iranian citizens wore masks to go shopping and prepare to celebrate the festival. Xinhua news agency

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, many Iranians canceled their travel plans and stayed at home for the holidays. On the first day of the Iranian New Year, Tehran, with a permanent population of more than 8 million, is like an empty city, standing silently in the mountains at the southern foot of the Elbers Mountains.

　　"I have lived for almost 60 years and have never seen the streets of Tehran so deserted." Local resident Motametti told Xinhua News Agency.

　　On March 20th, the streets of Tehran, the capital of Iran, were very deserted. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tony chen photo

　　On March 20th, the streets of Tehran, the capital of Iran, were very deserted. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tony chen photo

　　From Shanghai and Wuhan to Iran

　　Race against time all the way

　　The epidemic situation in Iran has spread rapidly and the death rate is high. It is no exaggeration to say that epidemic prevention and treatment work must race against time.

　　In the early morning of February 29th, a team of five volunteers from China Red Cross Society arrived in Teheran, the Iranian capital, with some medical supplies from China. Chang Hua, China’s ambassador to Iran, and officials from the Iraqi Ministry of Health greeted him at the airport. (Image from official website, Embassy of China in Iran)

　　Since February 29th, China’s expert group has been working in Iran for 20 consecutive days, and has been going to various parts of Iran to discuss and exchange with Iranian medical workers and experts in the field of public health, and to explore the treatment plan.

　　Zhou Xiaohang, leader of the expert group and director of the Shanghai Red Cross Relief and Rescue Department, said that in order to fight the epidemic, most members of the expert group canceled all vacation plans and have been working since the Spring Festival, and some of them were transferred immediately after finishing their work in the domestic anti-epidemic front line.

　　Qian Zhiping, a member of the expert group and chief physician of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, has been working in Shanghai’s anti-epidemic front line since January 20th, which can be said to be from China New Year to Iranian New Year.

　　"It’s a pity that I have been out all the time and have been home several times occasionally, but I haven’t had time to eat a meal at home." Qian Zhiping said, "I didn’t have much rest after coming here. I had work arrangements every day. After coming for 20 days, I walked with my colleagues to the nearby community as far as possible and inspected the protection of residents."

　　I hope Iran will be as blooming as Wuhan as soon as possible.

　　Wang Dongsheng, a respiratory doctor in the First Affiliated Hospital of China University of Science and Technology, and Li Ming, a laboratory doctor, were new members who reinforced Teheran in March.

　　Wang Dongsheng just finished his anti-epidemic task in Wuhan. He said that Wuhan has gradually returned to normal, hoping to bring China’s anti-epidemic experience to Iran, so that Iran can be as blooming as Wuhan at an early date.

　　China experts are communicating with local doctors. (Image provided by the interviewee)

　　The expert team covers experts in many fields such as disease control, prevention and clinic. In Iran, they exchange experiences with the local Ministry of Health and frontline medical workers every day. After returning to the residence in the evening, we will have a collective meeting to summarize the opinions exchanged with local counterparts and experts, and then jointly study the prevention and treatment plan.

　　There is no point in going to work and no point after work. This is the normal state of their work in Iran.

　　The Iranian people kept saying: Thank you China, thank you.

　　What makes the China expert group particularly gratified is that both the detection ability of Iranian hospitals, people’s awareness of protection and the cure rate have been significantly improved. Experts from China gave everything to each other, which was also well received by local professionals and the public.

　　Zhou Xiaohang said, "The Iranian people are very enthusiastic about us. No matter the partners we meet at work or the people we meet on the street, when they see that we are wearing China Red Cross jackets, they will come over and ask for a group photo, and they will keep thanking us and saying, ‘ Thank you, China. Thank you. ’”

　　He said that at present, Iran’s previous measures have achieved certain results, but Iran will still face a critical period of anti-epidemic in the next two weeks and still cannot relax.

　　A "flow chart for withdrawing files" has plunged Peking University and Henan Admissions Offices into a whirlpool of public opinion.

　　On the morning of August 15th, the Admissions Office of Henan Province issued a statement saying that it was found that the recruitment staff of a county in Henan Province was negligent, and the information of the candidates’ withdrawal process was taken by others without authorization and spread online. According to the statement, the "flow chart of withdrawing files", which should have been kept confidential during the enrollment process, "unintentionally leaked" due to the negligence of the enrollment staff. At present, the Henan Provincial Admissions Office has interviewed and sent a letter to the relevant departments of the county, requesting further investigation and verification of the situation and handling it according to the rules and regulations.

　　Xiong Bingqi, an educational scholar and vice president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, told The Paper that the "flow chart for withdrawing files" belongs to the internal flow information of enrollment work and should be kept confidential and will not be made public. However, the relevant departments should keep the process information for future reference when enrolling students. In the face of enrollment disputes, it can be viewed by the supervision department or the higher authorities to determine whether the enrollment work is illegal.

　　What punishment should the staff bear for the disclosure of confidential workflow information due to negligence?

　　Xiong Bingqi believes that the staff member may be subject to administrative sanctions. He said that under the current enrollment system, every link of information should be open and transparent, and candidates can question the results of enrollment and ask the enrollment department to know whether the education and examination departments and schools violate the rules according to the public information, so as to safeguard their rights.

　　The Paper found that Article 10 of the Interim Measures for Handling Violations of Enrollment in Ordinary Colleges and Universities published by the Ministry of Education in 2014 stipulates that the enrollment staff may "disclose unpublished candidates’ scores, candidates’ volunteers, admission scores, etc., which may affect the admission of fair information, or disclose or resell candidates’ personal information". The unit to which they belong shall immediately order them to suspend their enrollment work, and the relevant departments shall give corresponding punishment or other treatment according to the seriousness of the case; Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law.

　　In addition, the data show that the Ministry of Education has previously regulated the possible enrollment violations in colleges and universities by issuing regulations and implementing interim measures.

　　The Ministry of Education pointed out in the "Regulations on Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 2019" issued in March this year that, except for the information that should be publicly disclosed to the public according to regulations, any unit or individual may not provide it to others or disclose it to the public without authorization, and illegal dissemination and sale are strictly prohibited.

　　At the same time, this regulation explains the penalties for violations of laws and regulations in all aspects of college entrance examination registration, examination and admission. Candidates, examination staff and other social personnel who violate the rules in the enrollment, examination, admission and other aspects of college enrollment will be dealt with severely in strict accordance with the procedures and regulations determined by the provisions (measures) of the Criminal Law and the Education Law, and the parties and related personnel will be held accountable according to the law; Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be promptly transferred to judicial organs for legal responsibility. Those who violate the rules and regulations of public officials will be dealt with seriously in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　In May of this year, the Henan Provincial Department of Education simultaneously issued the relevant regulations on the enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities in 2019.

　　Previously, the Peking University Admissions Committee issued a statement saying that in view of the fact that the "National Special Plan" admission work in Henan Province adopts the method of voluntary filing in order, the two candidates who have retired have reached the admission control scores of the same batch and met the admission conditions, and should be admitted; There are irregularities in the process of withdrawing files, and the reasons for withdrawing files in the admissions office are not established. The Admissions Committee decided to apply for the re-registration of two candidates who had dropped out of the file according to the procedure.