A "flow chart for withdrawing files" has plunged Peking University and Henan Admissions Offices into a whirlpool of public opinion.

　　On the morning of August 15th, the Admissions Office of Henan Province issued a statement saying that it was found that the recruitment staff of a county in Henan Province was negligent, and the information of the candidates’ withdrawal process was taken by others without authorization and spread online. According to the statement, the "flow chart of withdrawing files", which should have been kept confidential during the enrollment process, "unintentionally leaked" due to the negligence of the enrollment staff. At present, the Henan Provincial Admissions Office has interviewed and sent a letter to the relevant departments of the county, requesting further investigation and verification of the situation and handling it according to the rules and regulations.

　　Xiong Bingqi, an educational scholar and vice president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, told The Paper that the "flow chart for withdrawing files" belongs to the internal flow information of enrollment work and should be kept confidential and will not be made public. However, the relevant departments should keep the process information for future reference when enrolling students. In the face of enrollment disputes, it can be viewed by the supervision department or the higher authorities to determine whether the enrollment work is illegal.

　　What punishment should the staff bear for the disclosure of confidential workflow information due to negligence?

　　Xiong Bingqi believes that the staff member may be subject to administrative sanctions. He said that under the current enrollment system, every link of information should be open and transparent, and candidates can question the results of enrollment and ask the enrollment department to know whether the education and examination departments and schools violate the rules according to the public information, so as to safeguard their rights.

　　The Paper found that Article 10 of the Interim Measures for Handling Violations of Enrollment in Ordinary Colleges and Universities published by the Ministry of Education in 2014 stipulates that the enrollment staff may "disclose unpublished candidates’ scores, candidates’ volunteers, admission scores, etc., which may affect the admission of fair information, or disclose or resell candidates’ personal information". The unit to which they belong shall immediately order them to suspend their enrollment work, and the relevant departments shall give corresponding punishment or other treatment according to the seriousness of the case; Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law.

　　In addition, the data show that the Ministry of Education has previously regulated the possible enrollment violations in colleges and universities by issuing regulations and implementing interim measures.

　　The Ministry of Education pointed out in the "Regulations on Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 2019" issued in March this year that, except for the information that should be publicly disclosed to the public according to regulations, any unit or individual may not provide it to others or disclose it to the public without authorization, and illegal dissemination and sale are strictly prohibited.

　　At the same time, this regulation explains the penalties for violations of laws and regulations in all aspects of college entrance examination registration, examination and admission. Candidates, examination staff and other social personnel who violate the rules in the enrollment, examination, admission and other aspects of college enrollment will be dealt with severely in strict accordance with the procedures and regulations determined by the provisions (measures) of the Criminal Law and the Education Law, and the parties and related personnel will be held accountable according to the law; Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be promptly transferred to judicial organs for legal responsibility. Those who violate the rules and regulations of public officials will be dealt with seriously in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　In May of this year, the Henan Provincial Department of Education simultaneously issued the relevant regulations on the enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities in 2019.

　　Previously, the Peking University Admissions Committee issued a statement saying that in view of the fact that the "National Special Plan" admission work in Henan Province adopts the method of voluntary filing in order, the two candidates who have retired have reached the admission control scores of the same batch and met the admission conditions, and should be admitted; There are irregularities in the process of withdrawing files, and the reasons for withdrawing files in the admissions office are not established. The Admissions Committee decided to apply for the re-registration of two candidates who had dropped out of the file according to the procedure.

Li Weihong

　　On February 11th, 1958, the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress approved and promulgated the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. In the past 55 years, the implementation of Chinese Pinyin has achieved fruitful results. Chinese Pinyin has become an important tool for reading Chinese characters, learning Mandarin, cultivating and improving reading and writing abilities, an important basis for reforming and creating minority languages, and an important basis for compiling Braille, sign language, semaphore and signal language, which is widely used in Chinese literature sorting and retrieval, and models and codes in industrial and scientific fields. With the popularization of modern information technology, hanyu pinyin is widely used to input Chinese characters, and hanyu pinyin permeates all aspects of social life, which is indispensable for a moment. As an international standard for spelling names and place names in China, as an important basis for foreign languages to refer to China and express the concept of China, and as a cultural bridge for China’s foreign exchange, Chinese Pinyin is widely used in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, foreign exchange and other fields. As a scientific, convenient and practical language tool, Hanyu Pinyin has provided great convenience for the modernization and informatization of China’s economic and social life, made important contributions to eliminating illiteracy, popularizing education, developing science and technology and improving the level of informatization in China, and played an irreplaceable positive role in socialist modernization.

　　Standing at a new historical starting point, we should, in accordance with the requirements of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on language and writing, strive to implement the Law on the Common Language and Writing and the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Reform and Development Plan for Language and Writing, conscientiously sum up the achievements and experiences in implementing the Hanyu Pinyin Program in the past 55 years, properly handle the problems existing in the use of Hanyu Pinyin under the new situation, and further intensify its implementation, so that Hanyu Pinyin can play a greater role in the new era.

　　First, the implementation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is an important language policy in China.

　　The creation of Hanyu Pinyin Scheme has a profound historical origin and a broad mass base. Chinese characters are not phonography, and the Chinese nation’s efforts to find a scientific and appropriate pinyin scheme for Chinese have never stopped since the direct pronunciation and reverse tangent. At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, some domestic intellectuals started the phonetic alphabet movement and created more than 20 pinyin schemes. On the eve of the May 4th Movement, the government of the Republic of China promulgated the stroke-type phonetic alphabet of Chinese characters, which played a certain role in helping literacy and pronunciation. In the 1920s, Qian Xuantong, Zhao Yuanren and others created "Romanization of Mandarin", and in the 1930s, Guo Zhisheng and Qu Qiubai created "Latin New Characters of Northern Dialect", but failed to form a unified romanization scheme. At the beginning of the founding of New China, in order to meet the needs of socialist economic, political and cultural development, the CPC Central Committee made a major decision to reform the language. From 1956 to 1958, the state established the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme Review Committee" and published the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme (Draft)", and the the State Council Plenary Session adopted the "Resolution on Publishing the Chinese Pinyin Scheme (Draft)". In February 1958, the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress officially passed and promulgated the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" is the inheritance and development of the Chinese Pinyin movement since modern times, and it is a master of more than 1,000 suggested schemes at home and abroad in the development stage. Its Latin (Roman) alphabet form and the characteristics of "phoneticization" and "internationalization" conform to the historical trend.It embodies the vision and mind of the China government and people facing modernization, the world and the future. In today’s information age, the reason why we can input Chinese characters into the computer through Chinese Pinyin and search for the required Chinese information in the massive network database is due to the scientific pragmatism of the original developers, and also to the foresight of the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and Wu Yuzhang who personally asked and guided the development work.

　　The formulation and implementation of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" has always been an important content of language and writing work in China. As an important language policy in China, the formulation and implementation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme has always been highly valued by the party and the state. In 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai defined the basic framework of the language and writing policy of the new China in his report "Tasks of Current Chinese Character Reform", and put forward three major tasks: sorting and simplifying Chinese characters, popularizing Putonghua, and formulating and implementing the Chinese Pinyin scheme. In 1986, the state held a national conference on language and writing work, which determined the guidelines and five tasks of language and writing work in the new period, and "further promoting the Chinese Pinyin Scheme and studying and solving related problems in practical use" ranked third. In 1997, the state held the second national conference on language and writing work, which determined the guiding ideology and goal of cross-century language and writing work. "Continuing to implement the Chinese Pinyin Scheme and expanding the scope of use" is still one of the four main tasks. In 2000, the 18th meeting of the 9th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated and passed the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language and Characters, which confirmed the legal status of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme as a "spelling and phonetic tool" for the national common language and characters. In 2012, the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Reform and Development Plan for Language and Writing set the working goal by 2020, and clearly pointed out that "Chinese Pinyin should play a better role".

　　The popularization of Hanyu Pinyin Scheme benefits from the strong support and guarantee of China’s language policies and regulations. Over the past 55 years, the state has taken various measures to promote the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. First, a series of norms and standards supporting the Hanyu Pinyin Scheme have been formulated and promulgated, such as Basic Rules for Orthography of Hanyu Pinyin, Rules for Spelling Hanyu Pinyin Letters of China Place Names, Transliteration and Transliteration of Hanyu Pinyin Letters of Minority Place Names, Spelling of Hanyu Pinyin Letters of China Names, and General Keyboard Representation Specification of Hanyu Pinyin Scheme, so as to facilitate social application. Second, through a series of policies, decrees and normative documents, clear requirements have been put forward for standardizing the use of Chinese Pinyin in the fields of press and publication, place name signs, sports activities, shop plaques and commodity packaging, and efforts have been continuously intensified. Third, we should persist in the teaching of Chinese Pinyin in the basic education stage, extensively carry out the teaching experiment of "Phonetic Literacy, Reading and Writing in Advance", and strive to improve the Chinese Pinyin ability of the people. At present, more than 1 billion people in China have mastered Chinese Pinyin.

　　The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is not only from China, but also from the world. In 1977, the Third United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names held that "the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is perfect in linguistics, and the Roman alphabet spelling of geographical names in China is the most suitable", and adopted the resolution of "adopting Chinese Pinyin as the international standard for the Roman alphabet spelling of geographical names in China". In 1979, the United Nations Secretariat decided to adopt Chinese Pinyin as the standard for transliteration of China names and place names in various Roman alphabets. In 1982, the International Organization for Standardization adopted the Chinese Pinyin Scheme as the international standard for the spelling of Roman letters in Chinese documents. The governments of Singapore and Malaysia have adopted the Chinese Pinyin Scheme as the Pinyin Scheme for their own Chinese. China’s names, place names and other proper nouns spelled in Chinese Pinyin are absorbed in English and other Roman alphabets. Authoritative tool books published in Britain, the United States and other countries include a large number of such words. Maps published in Britain, Germany and other countries use Chinese Pinyin to spell China’s place names, and the Library of Congress and libraries in some European countries use Chinese Pinyin to spell Chinese book catalogues.

　　"Chinese Pinyin Scheme" is the crystallization of the wisdom of several generations of the Chinese nation, a representative achievement in the history of China’s cultural development, and an important achievement in the cultural construction of new China. It benefits the society and the whole people and has far-reaching influence.

　　Two, to further expand the scope of application of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme", improve the standardization level of application.

　　At present, with the rapid development of Chinese information technology, the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language is in the ascendant, and the inheritance, promotion and dissemination of Chinese culture, it is expected that Chinese Pinyin will play a greater role and help realize the "Chinese Dream" of national rejuvenation. It is necessary to further strengthen the implementation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme according to law and improve the standardization level of its application. Specifically, we should do the following work:

　　First, strengthen the teaching of Chinese Pinyin. It is necessary to resolutely implement the provisions of the Law of the State on Common Languages and Characters that "Chinese Pinyin should be taught in primary education", to ensure that the educated can master Chinese Pinyin and apply it to all aspects of Chinese learning, information retrieval and processing, and to strengthen teacher training, supervision and inspection. We should actively explore ways and means to bring Chinese Pinyin into the national lifelong education system, so as to benefit the elderly who failed to receive Chinese Pinyin teaching in primary education. We should also vigorously promote the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language for different countries, regions and languages, and give full play to the role of Chinese Pinyin in Chinese teaching.

　　Second, strive to expand the use of Chinese Pinyin. On the basis of existing achievements, we should seriously think about how to make the Hanyu Pinyin Scheme further serve the "informatization" and "internationalization" and how to help spread Chinese culture. It is necessary to give full play to the function of Chinese Pinyin in accurately and conveniently expressing China’s unique things, concepts and ideas in foreign languages. It is expected that Chinese Pinyin will be directly used to spell China’s names, places and unique concepts such as Confucius, Tibet and Putonghua in foreign exchanges, and that more and more similar words such as Fuwa, Haibao and Chang ‘e will be used in foreign exchanges. At the same time, we should realize that the global, intercontinental and international languages that have been widely used in the world belong to all mankind, so we should take the initiative to enrich the expressions of these languages through Chinese Pinyin and create cultural wealth belonging to all mankind together with people of all countries and nationalities in the world.

　　Third, strengthen management according to law. Governments at all levels and their relevant departments should fully implement the language policy of "Hanyu Pinyin Scheme", abide by relevant national laws, regulations and standards, and actively promote and use Hanyu Pinyin. We should adhere to the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" as a unified standard for the spelling of Roman letters in China’s names, place names and Chinese documents, take effective measures to strengthen supervision and inspection, and correct irregularities in application; It is necessary to gradually improve the standardization of the use of Chinese Pinyin in Chinese information processing, social public services and other fields.

　　Three, in-depth study, properly handle the relevant issues in the application of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme"

　　In the past 55 years, great achievements have been made in the implementation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme, but there are still some problems in understanding and practical use, which should be paid attention to and properly handled.

　　First, we should properly handle the relationship between Chinese Pinyin and Chinese characters. The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is not a written scheme, and the Law of the State on the Common Language and Characters clearly stipulates that the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is a spelling and phonetic tool for the common language and characters in the country, and "is a unified standard for the spelling of Roman letters in Chinese names and place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or unusable". Chinese Pinyin will not replace Chinese characters, and Chinese characters will not take the road of Pinyin. In the past 30 years, China’s Chinese character policy has always been to "maintain the relative stability of Chinese characters in a certain period of time and promote the standardization, standardization and informationization of Chinese characters". Language and writing departments should take the initiative to do a good job in relevant publicity work, so that the society can fully realize that the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is an auxiliary tool for the national common language, which mainly helps Chinese characters to play a role in aircraft frequency, train number, product model, phonetic sorting and retrieval of Chinese characters, and in situations where it is inconvenient or impossible to speak Chinese characters such as names and places in China in foreign languages.

　　Second, we should properly handle the relationship between Chinese Pinyin and foreign languages. Chinese Pinyin is a phonetic spelling tool for Chinese common language, not a foreign language. Correctly using Chinese Pinyin according to law and properly handling the use of Chinese Pinyin and foreign languages are related to the sovereign dignity of the country. If you need to mark the Roman alphabet, you should spell it according to the Chinese Pinyin Scheme, and you can’t use Chinese Pinyin according to the habits of foreign languages. For example, when spelling China names, you should put "surname" before "first name". On the other hand, we should also realize that with the deepening of China’s reform and opening up and the increasing frequency of international exchanges, it is not only the hospitality of our country with a history of 5,000 years of civilization, but also the inevitable requirement of China’s "opening to the outside world and integrating into the world" to provide foreign language services in the field of public services to facilitate their work, study and life. Therefore, we must make overall plans and properly handle the relationship between "safeguarding sovereignty" and "providing services", strengthen the research on related issues, clarify the different functions and usage occasions of Pinyin and foreign languages, and reverse the current chaotic phenomenon of nonstandard and inconsistent use of Pinyin and foreign languages.

　　Third, efforts should be made to study and solve relevant technical problems in practical use. According to the National Law on Common Languages and Characters, the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is not only a phonetic notation tool, but also a spelling tool. However, it should be noted that the achievements made in the implementation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme in the past 55 years are mainly reflected in the function of "phonetic notation for Chinese characters", but the function of "spelling Putonghua" has not been fully and effectively exerted, and the research on related issues is also insufficient. The difference between spelling and phonetic notation is not only that the object of spelling is language, but that of phonetic notation is text; Moreover, spelling needs orthography, such as letter case, word segmentation, punctuation usage and other requirements of the text. In practical use, many people use phonetic notation to spell Chinese characters, which has some problems, such as no word segmentation and hyphenation, and incorrect use of case and case. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen research and properly handle some problems in the orthography of Chinese Pinyin, such as word segmentation, idiom spelling, proper noun spelling and tone marking. In addition, efforts should be made to study and deal with a series of problems, such as how to take care of social habits in the pronunciation of the names of Chinese pinyin letters, how to coordinate the writing style of Chinese pinyin letters with related foreign letters, whether to use two spellings or three spellings in pinyin teaching, and how to express foreign or foreign proper nouns in Chinese pinyin. Only by solving these problems, further improving the efficiency of the use of Chinese Pinyin and perfecting the functions of Chinese Pinyin can it be conducive to the further implementation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme.

　　The formulation of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" is a pioneering work of language and writing in China. Over the past 55 years, the state has carried out a lot of fruitful work and achieved brilliant achievements in promoting Chinese Pinyin. At present, social informatization and economic globalization provide a broader and deeper application space for Chinese Pinyin. At the same time, there are still many problems in the implementation and application of Chinese Pinyin, which can not meet the needs of China’s economic construction and social development. For example, due to insufficient publicity and implementation, there are still some people in society who don’t understand the nature and function of Chinese Pinyin and can’t fully understand its scientific, practical and wide application prospects; Some localities and schools ignore and weaken the teaching and scientific research of Chinese Pinyin. In social application, the use of Chinese Pinyin is not in accordance with the relevant rules, and spelling mistakes and irregularities are common; In some fields, the phenomenon of not using Chinese Pinyin or replacing Chinese Pinyin with foreign languages has also occurred from time to time in violation of national regulations and standards. The above situation shows that in the face of the new situation of language and writing work, we must further strengthen the promotion of Chinese Pinyin, expand its application scope, constantly improve the relevant application rules, improve the popularity of Chinese Pinyin, and enhance the standardization level of Chinese Pinyin application.

　　As the competent department of the national language and writing work, the State Language Commission will take the opportunity of commemorating the 55th anniversary of the promulgation of the Chinese Pinyin Program to thoroughly implement the Law on the National Common Language and Writing, comprehensively promote the legalization, standardization, standardization and informatization of the national common language and writing, further strengthen the planning guidance, management supervision and scientific research on the implementation of Chinese Pinyin, and promote Chinese Pinyin to make due contributions to building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese dream.

Brand has existed for centuries, and its emergence marks the maturity of the concept of commodity exchange. It can be said that the appearance and development of brand is a social and economic phenomenon and the product of the development of commodity economy to a certain stage.

1. Development history of foreign brands

Brand development in western countries has roughly experienced four periods:

(1) primitive period. Before the invention of movable type printing in 1450, the brand developed in a primitive and unconscious state. However, people have unconsciously applied the concept of brand in business activities. At that time, with the prosperity of economy and the increase of business activities, people began to spread brands by word of mouth.

(2) the germination period. Before the industrial revolution, brand development was in its infancy. At that time, it mainly paid attention to the labeling of products or producers, so it was also called the labeling period. For example, in the western United States, the earliest entrepreneurs (that is, big farmers) branded the company’s logo on the buttocks of animals, and used such an indelible mark to show his ownership of the assets of animals. Since then, the brand has the function of distinguishing from other people’s goods.

(3) growth period. At the end of 18th century and the beginning of 19th century, or after the industrial revolution, western countries experienced rapid economic development, increased products and intensified competition, and brand development entered the growth period or trademark period. The biggest feature of brand development in this period is that enterprises generally attach importance to trademark registration.

The industrial revolution made the machine industry replace manual production, and the manufacturing industry was more developed. In order to strengthen the protection of brands, the trademark system came into being, and brands in the modern sense came into being. Starting with the first car with horizontal bar engine made in Germany in 1886, Coca Cola was born in 1886, Gillette shaver appeared in 1895, Kodak brand was born in 1898, Ford Model T came out in 1908, Boeing brand quietly landed in 1917, Marlboro brand came out in 1924, Nestle coffee came out in 1938, and a number of brands gradually developed and grew.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the earliest legal provisions on trademarks appeared in France. Subsequently, Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan have also promulgated their own trademark laws. Trademark system is popular all over the world, and brands have been recognized and guaranteed by law.

(4) maturity. At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, the role of brand as an important means of competition gradually emerged. Especially after the Second World War, with the rapid development of science and technology, high technology is widely used in production, enterprise groups are maturing, consumer demand is changing with each passing day, and enterprise competition is unprecedented fierce, thus ushered in the so-called "brand economy" era, and brand development has entered a mature period or brand period. The globalization trend of brand communication is obvious, but it has national characteristics. A large number of brands with unique connotations and advanced concepts have been born, and the research on brands has been deepened day by day. During this period, famous brands such as KFC, McDonald’s, Disney, Toyota, Hitachi, Panasonic and Sony appeared, which has entered the era of brand competition.

2. The development stage of foreign brands

Looking at the development history of foreign brands, it can be summarized into four stages, namely, the formal brand stage, the legal brand stage, the famous brand stage and the commercialized brand stage.

(1) The formalization stage of the brand. In the stage of brand development, the first is the formalization of the brand. From a formal point of view, a brand is a symbol. Since ancient times, people have marked their own livestock with unique marks to distinguish them from other people’s livestock. In English, the word "Brand" means to stamp, indicating the origin and manufacturer of a product or service. In the early days, people widely used formal brands, which started with all kinds of craftsmen marking their products to distinguish them from those made by others. At this stage, when people understand the brand, they only regard it as a form of symbol and mark, so that consumers can distinguish the origin and source of the product through this symbol. This symbol ensures that the product is provided by the same supplier with the same quality and characteristic level, and after the product is sold, it can make the buyer identify the manufacturer of the product and facilitate repair and replacement. This kind of formalized brand also has certain binding force on other product manufacturers, and to some extent, it has played a role in preventing its own products from being counterfeited by others.

(2) The legalization stage of the brand. The significance of brand legalization lies in brand trademark, and brand has become an integral part of intellectual property rights. According to the development of commodity economy and fierce market competition, many western countries have promulgated and promulgated trademark laws and related brand protection regulations, which makes the concept of brand clearly defined in law. Therefore, the brand of goods and services can be protected by law, and the word brand is also reflected in relevant laws. Legalization of brand shows in the legal sense that after the brand is registered, the owner and franchisor of the brand get the protectable property, and can also prevent others from impacting, counterfeiting and hurting. In 1803, France introduced the world’s earliest brand-related law, the Law on Factories, Workshops and Workshops, which defined counterfeiting other people’s trademarks as the crime of forging documents without permission and punished it. The United States began to implement the Federal Trademark Regulations of the United States of America in 1870; Germany also promulgated the Trademark Protection Law in 1874, which made the brand development enter the era of legalization. Brand-related laws that have been recognized and implemented around the world mainly include the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Intellectual Property Rights, which was promulgated and implemented on March 20th, 1883, and the madrid agreement concerning the international registration of marks, which was promulgated and implemented on April 14th, 1891. China is also a member of these two conventions and agreements.

(3) the brand-name stage of the brand. After World War II, great changes have taken place in the world economy, scientific and technological progress has promoted the rapid development of productive forces, people’s material and cultural living standards have been greatly improved, consumers have changed from meeting basic physiological needs to pursuing higher psychologically and spiritually, paying attention to the expression and development of individuality, and there are abundant commodities in the market, and the differences in quality, performance and price of commodities have gradually narrowed. At the same time, due to the joint action of various modern media, the spread and diffusion of commodity brands are more effective and fast, which promotes and influences consumers to form the concept and value trend of brand-name consumption, and the outstanding performance of brand-name products in the market has brought rich super-value profits to enterprises. The demonstration effect of brand-name consumption is to cause people to chase brand-name goods all over the world. During this period, brand has become the focus of market competition among enterprises.

Brand-name brand has become the goal and direction of brand development for all enterprises. Brand-name brand is an outstanding brand among many brands. Brand-name brand goods are symbols of high-quality products and services. They occupy the market and conquer the high-quality goods of users and consumers with their outstanding performance and the appearance of appealing to both refined and popular tastes. From the market performance, the famous brand indicates that the enterprise’s labor is highly recognized by the society, reflects the trend of consumer psychological preference and cultural taste, is the unity of social material and spiritual values, and is the biggest feature of modern social consumption concept and cultural value orientation. During this period, many famous brands began to appear in various markets around the world, such as Coca-Cola drinks in the United States, Kodak films, Ford cars and Toyota cars in Japan. Famous brands have become a powerful weapon for enterprises to participate in international market competition in this period.

(4) the commercialization stage of the brand. When the world began to pay close attention to intellectual property rights, enterprise merger and brand export, and the implementation of franchising and other management, the formal meaning, legal attributes and branding of the brand could not fully explain the true meaning of the brand. It can be said that the nature of the brand has changed suddenly, that is, the brand has the characteristics of general commodity value and exchange function, and the commodity attributes of the brand have emerged. A brand is a commodity, which has the general attributes and characteristics of a commodity, and its development has entered the era of brand commercialization. Enterprises with brands pay more attention to the connotation of the brand and the intangible assets value of the brand itself.

When marketing activities are carried out, brands are integrated into business assets as intellectual property and intangible assets of enterprises. When enterprises merge and expand, brand assets have become an important asset composition of asset merger and reorganization. Even the brand can be auctioned as an independent asset when the enterprise goes bankrupt. For example, the famous British car brand manufacturer "Rolle Period-Roy Period" was transferred to the German Volkswagen Company at a price of hundreds of millions of pounds during the merger of the enterprise. Developed countries make use of the commodity characteristics of brands to export brands to developing countries in the international market, and adopt the way of licensing brands as an investment in local enterprises, implement franchising and realize the brand expansion strategy. For example, in many Coca-Cola production plants and filling lines around the world, the Coca-Cola Company has no direct investment, but only provides licenses for the use of Coca-Cola stock solution and Coca-Cola brands, and enterprises that use brands have to pay a considerable amount of brand use fees every year. Another example is the licensee who uses McDonald’s brand. In addition to the initial cost of about 600,000 US dollars, he will also pay McDonald’s brand service fee and brand use fee, which account for 11.5% of its operating income. It can be said that the era of brand commercialization has arrived. (The author is a member of the writing team of Brand Innovation)

Sydney: From the first day to the fifteenth day, every day is the taste of New Year.

Sydney Opera House

New year’s goodsYou may not believe it, but in Sydney, the Spring Festival is very strong. In Sydney’s Chinatown, there are all kinds of Chinese restaurants, pastry shops and handicraft shops. Whether it’s Spring Festival couplets, lanterns, Chinese knots, or traditional China cuisine, you can basically buy them, so don’t worry about the new year.

Red envelopes for lucky money

Old customsIn addition to the official Spring Festival series in Sydney, there are many activities in major Chinese areas. Since the 25th of the twelfth lunar month, various activities have been staged in Sydney. On New Year’s Eve, the Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge will become the most beautiful red, followed by New Year’s Eve and grabbing red envelopes.

On New Year’s Day, you can listen to a free China concert brought by the Sydney Conservatory of Music and famous tenors. You can enjoy a difficult lion dance performance; During the Spring Festival, Sydney also invited some calligraphers to show off the charm of calligraphy. On the second day of New Year’s Day, there are special events in the Art Museum during the Spring Festival. On the fourth day of the first month, there is a red envelope distribution activity at the Sydney fish market. It’s time to start exercising your hand speed. On February 8, there was also an LED lion dance show at the Circular Pier. The China Cheongsam Show on February 9th can take you through time.

[New Year’s Eve]On New Year’s Eve, in order to tie in with the Spring Festival, many restaurants in Sydney have launched "New Year’s Eve". No matter western food or buffet, China elements are added to their menus. Families who don’t want to do it themselves at home can go to the restaurant to have a look.

Singapore: Preparing New Year’s Eve dinner at home is even more delicious.

Singapore Chinatown Plaza

[new year’s goods]】 In the Spring Festival, the legal holidays here are two days, that is, the first day and the second day. Chinatown in Singapore is called Chinatown. When the Chinese New Year is coming, there are many people selling New Year’s goods there. You can see Spring Festival couplets, lighting, desserts, preserved ducks and dried fruits.

Chinese knot with auspicious meaning

Old customsOn January 26th, in Chinatown Square, the lion dance competition has already started. There are more than 10 pairs of top lion dance teams, who show their talents on the plum blossom pile and try their best to compete for the plum blossom award. Next, at Xinqiao Road and Yudongxuan Street, local and overseas art groups will jointly perform, which is the highlight of the New Year every year. You can also see the lighting display for seven weeks in a row, which is very suitable for taking a concave photo.

People go shopping in Chinatown Square to buy new year’s goods.

At the Spring Festival party in Chinatown, you can see the atmosphere of Chinese New Year singing and dancing. At the New Year’s Eve party, you can also see new media artists interacting with the audience through Chinese New Year songs, short videos and games to welcome the arrival of the New Year. On the evening of February 17th, there will be a large-scale street performance famous in Asia, which will be staged in Chinatown on the weekend of Lantern Festival. Float parade and makeup parade will bring the New Year celebration to a more joyful situation. According to local people, fireworks can be set off at mbs on the night of the Spring Festival, and many people will go to see it.

New year lion dance custom

[New Year’s Eve]As for the New Year’s Eve dinner, many Chinese will want to eat it at home, buy food and cook for jiaozi. On the one hand, we respect China’s traditional customs; on the other hand, it is difficult to change our living habits for so many years. The whole family gathers together to cook and eat, which is more festive.

Vietnam: Chinese New Year is still a celebration.

New year’s goodsThere is not much difference between Vietnamese new year’s goods and Chinese’s new year’s goods. In addition to selling New Year’s pictures and oranges, there are all kinds of red envelopes and gold-lettered Spring Festival couplets on the street. For the families of the Yue nationality, there are three kinds of decorations during the Spring Festival: a bunch (or a big one) of budding peach blossoms, a bonsai of kumquat and a "five-fruit pot" filled with fruits of various species. It is said that these three things indicate good luck, peace and prosperity in the New Year.

Wuguopen

Old customsVietnamese people have the custom of standing up banners and eating zongzi on New Year’s Eve. They use a bamboo pole, trim the top bamboo leaves, and hang red banners and wind chimes on it. It is said that the noise made when the wind blows will scare away ghosts. With regard to zongzi, it is necessary to be round and square. The so-called round place is considered as a symbol of joy. Interestingly, this kind of zongzi is very big, usually weighing 2 to 2.5 kilograms.

On the morning of the first day of the lunar new year, every family should worship their ancestors, and at the same time, they should also worship the land, the kitchen god and the ancestors of the hundred artists. Generally, there are zongzi and braised fish as sacrifices. Children should pay New Year greetings to the adults and the elderly at home, and adults will give them lucky money.

Burn incense and worship during the New Year.

In addition, there are many recreational activities, such as singing and dancing, performing plays, dragon and lion dances, etc. However, there are many taboos on the first day of the lunar new year, such as not borrowing things, not collecting debts, not doing farm work and so on. If a family travels, they can choose to visit the New Year’s Fair, such as Guangbo Flower Market, Grapefruit Market and Xingjie Ma Antique Market.

A lively dragon and lion dance team in the street.

[New Year’s Eve]This year’s New Year’s Eve dinner is just eating out. It’s basically the same in recent years. Book a private room in a hotel, and then the family will be happy. Usually, everyone is very busy at work. When taking advantage of the New Year’s Eve dinner, exchange more feelings.

Malaysia: New Year’s Eve hot pot is booming.

New year’s goodsIn Malaysia, the Lunar New Year is a legal holiday for all citizens, and the annual flavor is very strong. Malaysia is a country with relatively complete preservation of Chinese culture in the world, and the celebration customs in cultural festivals have inherited the beauty of Chinese culture for 5,000 years. New Year’s cakes are cakes used by Malaysian Chinese in the New Year. They are essential for offering sacrifices to the gods in the New Year, almost equivalent to the symbol of the New Year, and are essential new year’s goods for the New Year. In addition, Malaysia’s Jiabi, shaped like an egg roll, was originally a traditional cake food of Malays, and later it was subtly integrated into Chinese families and became a necessary festive food for Chinese New Year.

【Old customs]Speaking of Malaysia’s distinctive Spring Festival activities, the first one is of course "fishing for a living". Fishing for fish is a popular New Year custom of Han nationality in Nanyang area, especially in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia. Colorful raw fish have colorful and brilliant intentions, and the name "fishing raw fish" also means "wind and water" and "fishing more and more prosperous"

Laosheng

Under normal circumstances, local people will also eat potted vegetables, which are made of more than a dozen raw materials through more than a dozen cooking methods, such as frying, frying, burning and boiling. These specially treated potted vegetables are packed in a round basin, which represents round and round.

On the first day of the lunar new year, many relatives will have dinner together. If you are unmarried, you can get a red envelope from your elders.

On the Lantern Festival, people will throw oranges to find a good match. This is the custom of Fujian beauty looking for a husband. Now it has evolved into a New Year’s festival for all people to entertain. On the Lantern Festival, people throw fruits at the sea and lakes, while women throw oranges and men throw bananas for people who are destined to salvage.

Hotpot New Year’s Eve dinner

[New Year’s Eve]In Malaysia, it is a trend to eat hot pot on New Year’s Eve. Putting a burning stove under the table means a prosperous family and a reunion. Put money by the fire and hope everything goes well. The family sat around eating steaming hot pot, expecting a prosperous new year.

If you spend the Spring Festival in Southeast Asian countries, you can talk about your Spring Festival customs, New Year’s Eve dinner and delicious new year’s goods ~

　　Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the Guide for the Construction of the Technical System of "Internet+Government Services" (hereinafter referred to as "the Guide"), which is an important measure for the state to promote the overall layout of "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, make great efforts to promote the structural reform of the supply side of the government, deepen the integration of decentralization and administration, optimize service reform, further optimize public services and innovate administrative management.

　　First, a deep understanding of the great significance of "Internet+government services"

　　(A) to promote the "Internet+government services" is the consistent purpose of our party to serve the people wholeheartedly. Serving the people wholeheartedly is the foundation of our party and the source of strength for our party to always maintain its vitality. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to serving the people. Promoting "Internet+government services" means taking the people as the center, effectively solving the problems of "too many permits, difficult work, circular proof and wonderful proof", making it easier and faster for enterprises and the masses to do things, and further enhancing the public’s sense of acquisition.

　　(2) Promoting "Internet+government services" is an important way to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity. Accelerating the construction of "Internet+government service" technology and service system in an all-round way is of great significance for deepening the reform of administrative system, transforming government functions, strengthening top-level design and resource integration, promoting government data sharing and business collaboration, and building a government ruled by law, innovative government, clean government and service-oriented government.

　　(C) Promoting "Internet+government services" is a powerful starting point for deepening the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform. At present, the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform needs to be vigorously promoted with the courage of a strong man and the spirit of artisans, and with "greater openness, better management and better service", the transformation of government functions and the release of development potential will be continuously and deeply promoted. However, there are still many weak links in government services, and the innovative model of "internet plus" will become the key direction and an important starting point for the in-depth development of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform.

　　Second, it is imperative to speed up the construction of a national integrated "Internet+government services" technology and service system.

　　This time, the General Office of the State Council, together with relevant research institutions and some local departments, conducted in-depth research and formulated and issued the Guide, designed the national integrated technology and service system of "Internet+government services", put forward the information-based solution path and operation method to optimize the supply of government services, and provided important reference and guidance for various regions and departments to build online government service platforms. At the same time, it is also an active practice to implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on "building a national integrated national big data center".

　　(1) Building a unified business support system based on the standardization of the list of items.

　　It is the fundamental premise for government departments at all levels to carry out online government services and optimize the supply of government online services to sort out government services and re-engineer business processes. Based on the standardized management of the list of items, a unified business support system is constructed. The Guide requires: First, a unified catalogue list. The list of contents is compiled according to laws and regulations, including the basic elements such as the name of the item, the type of the item, the legal basis and the basic code, and does not correspond to the institution. Unified directory list to achieve the same government services at different levels and in different regions, and its basic elements are completely unified. The second is to standardize the elements of the implementation list. The implementing agency of government services will refine and improve the government services in the list of contents, and form a specific implementation list. The elements of the implementation list include 36 full elements, such as event name, basic code, setting basis, event type, implementation code and exercise content. The implementation list is the basis for compiling the government service guide, managing the government service matters and operating the management. The third is to establish a unified event management database. Relevant departments shall dynamically maintain the elements and contents of specific matters according to their respective functions and authorities, strengthen the joint management and application of government service matters, and realize the unification, synchronous update, open homology and multi-use of government service matters data.

　　(2) Building a unified basic platform system with data sharing as the core.

　　Online government service platform is an important carrier to implement "Internet+government service", which mainly realizes the functions of unified application, unified acceptance, centralized handling, unified feedback and whole process supervision of government service. The core of building an integrated online government service platform is to integrate and utilize existing resources and promote data sharing and exchange among government departments. The "Guide" proposes: First, open up the government service platform and business handling system, and connect information on matters, acceptance information, application materials, handling links and completion information to achieve one-stop service. The second is to support cross-departmental, cross-level and cross-regional information sharing, and realize that government service matters can be handled nearby, in the same city and in different places. The third is to promote the docking of the business processing system centrally deployed by the higher authorities and the lower government service platform, reduce the repeated entry of information, and improve the efficiency of government service. The fourth is to realize the sharing and utilization of basic information resources such as population, legal persons, credit information and electronic licenses, and to maximize the use value of data. The national government service platform should undertake the function of access guidance and support cross-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities) access to national basic information resources.

　　(three) to identity authentication, electronic license, security, etc., to build a unified support technology system.

　　"Internet+government service" is the innovation of government service mode and process. Because of the characteristics of government’s own operating mechanism, it puts forward new requirements for the in-depth application of Internet technology and traditional information technology. Taking online identity authentication as an example, all regions and departments have built independent identity authentication systems in the work of online government services. For individuals, if they want to use the services provided by the government, they must register and verify, and maintaining multiple different user names and passwords has become a burden. For corporate users, it is necessary to register and use multiple certificates and media when conducting electronic bidding and other services across provinces, which also increases the cost. With the in-depth development of "Internet+Government Services", especially for some government services, it is necessary to solve the problem of real-name verification (that is, to prove that registered users are "I am me"), which in turn leads to the security risk of personal privacy data disclosure, and puts forward higher requirements for the functional complexity and security guarantee ability of the identity authentication system. On the basis of summing up the exploration experience in various places, the Guide regulates key technical links such as real-name authentication, electronic license, electronic seal and security, laying a foundation for gradually promoting a unified support and security technical system.

　　(D) to build a unified supervision and assessment system by means of electronic monitoring and third-party assessment.

　　Supervision and assessment is an important means to ensure the implementation of various tasks of "Internet+Government Services". The Guide proposes to adopt the method of "combining internal and external", organically combine internal government supervision with third-party evaluation, and promote the implementation of supervision and assessment. The first is to supervise and inspect the internal operation process of government services by means of electronic supervision. Real-time collection of government service operation data, automatic early warning and alarm for five abnormal situations, such as timeliness, process, content, discretion (charge) and integrity risk point. Open the monitoring result data and accept public supervision. The second is to organize third-party evaluation based on user experience. Around the completeness of service mode, coverage of service items, accuracy of service guide, depth of online service, effectiveness of online service, etc., scientifically set up an online government service evaluation index system to evaluate the supply capacity and service quality of online government service.

　　Third, "three integrations and five spans", give full play to the public foundation supporting role of the national e-government extranet.

　　The core of constructing "Internet+government service" technology and service system lies in information sharing. As a unified government network platform, the national e-government extranet has basically achieved full coverage at the provincial, prefecture and county levels (coverage rates are 100%, 94.6% and 90.6% respectively), and has gradually extended to township streets, horizontally connecting 133 central government departments and related units. At the same time, a unified data sharing and exchange platform for the government extranet has also been initially established. A number of cross-departmental and cross-level sharing and exchange services, such as the national online investment approval platform, the national credit sharing and exchange, and the national public resource transaction, rely on the unified data sharing and exchange platform for the government extranet to operate.

　　In the next step, we will give full play to the role and value of public infrastructure of the extranet of government affairs, strongly support technology integration, business integration and data integration, and realize cross-level, cross-regional, cross-system, cross-departmental and cross-business collaborative management and services.

　　(1) lay a solid foundation. Further strengthen the construction and application of the national e-government extranet platform, and create a new e-government infrastructure with "network access, business access to the cloud, data sharing and unified authentication".

　　(2) One network is connected. Relying on the extranet of government affairs, we will promote the construction of electronic license database and the cross-level, cross-regional and cross-departmental application of electronic licenses, unify the identity authentication system, and build a "one network" for convenience services.

　　(3) Sharing and collaboration. Based on decentralized data sharing and exchange platforms at all levels, we will integrate and establish a nationwide data sharing and exchange platform system, realize multi-level docking and intercommunication between national platforms and local platforms, and promote the smooth flow of government information resources across regions, levels and departments and the efficient cooperation of business.

　　(4) Integrated service. The government extranet will actively participate in the construction of a unified online government service platform, support the integration and construction of a comprehensive service window and an integrated government service system, and form a convenient, fast, fair, inclusive, high-quality and efficient online government service system. (Zhou Min, Deputy Director of National Information Center)

1905 movie network news A few days ago, her role in Dead Waiter 3: Deadpool and Best Friend was exposed, and she will play Cassandra Nova Xavier, the evil twin sister of Professor X.

In the cartoon, Cassandra, after copying the DNA of "Professor X" charles xavier, has the telepathic ability equivalent to that of charles xavier, which makes her have telepathic transmission ability, and can suspend and manipulate living and inanimate objects, and to some extent, manipulate energy through psionics. At the same time, she can copy and manipulate the DNA of all beings, and use it to build a body for herself, so that she can pretend to be them to deceive the gene scanner.

Emma Colin once said that she is not a big fan of Marvel Comics, but the stories, characters and even highlights in Marvel Comics’s films have always attracted her. Therefore, she was very excited to play a villain in Marvel Comics’s film.

The film Dead Waiter 3: Deadpool and His Best Friend will be released in North America on July 26th.

　　Cctv news(News Network): In January this year, the new version of the national medical insurance drug list was implemented, and the national negotiated drugs have been equipped in more than 150,000 designated medical institutions across the country.

　　Mr. Xie, a citizen of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, bought a national medical insurance negotiation drug in a retail pharmacy, which is a targeted drug for the treatment of malignant tumors.

　　On January 1st this year, the new national medical insurance catalogue was implemented, and 67 kinds of drugs were added through negotiation, with an average price reduction of 62%, covering the demand for drugs such as tumors, chronic diseases and rare diseases. To reduce the drug burden of the masses, it is not only that drugs can be "reimbursed" in medical insurance, but also that people can use drugs conveniently and quickly, so as to improve the accessibility of negotiated drugs. In order to solve the problem of negotiating drugs landing, in May last year, the National Medical Insurance Bureau put forward a "dual-channel" management mechanism for negotiating drugs, determined that designated retail pharmacies should be included in the supply guarantee scope of medical insurance drugs, and implemented a unified payment policy with medical institutions. By the end of February 2022, the negotiated drugs in the new national medical insurance drug list during the agreement period were equipped in 154,700 designated medical institutions nationwide, of which 42,100 were designated medical institutions and 112,600 were designated retail pharmacies.

　　According to the National Medical Insurance Bureau, in January this year alone, during the agreement period, 17.7387 million people were reimbursed for drugs negotiated, and the medical insurance fund spent 5.197 billion yuan, with an average actual reimbursement rate of 69.12%.

　　Since 2018, a total of six batches of drugs have been purchased by the state, and a total of 234 drugs have been purchased, involving 30% of the total annual procurement of chemicals in public medical institutions. According to the purchase amount before centralized procurement, the accumulated cost savings are more than 260 billion yuan.

On the way back to the classroom after class exercises.

The driver injured a student in school because the brakes were out of control.

Who should be responsible for drivers and schools?

recent days

The Ziyang District Court of Yiyang City, Hunan Province heard this case.

Cases involving campus safety

Please see this case ~

The picture comes from the network.

In February, 2022, when Li delivered the goods to a vocational school in Yiyang by car and returned to the downhill section of the campus, he lost control of the brakes and collided with 17-year-old Song, who was on his way back to the classroom after class exercises, causing Song to be injured. Later, Song was sent to the hospital for treatment, and the medical expenses were 34,176.29 yuan. After identification, Song’s right medial and lateral ankle fracture line involved the epiphysis, which was a grade 10 disability; Multiple fractures of the right foot cause complete destruction of the arch structure of the right foot, which is a grade 9 disability.

Afterwards, Song sued a vocational school, Li and the vehicle insurance company driven by Li to the court, demanding compensation for medical expenses, follow-up treatment fees, hospitalization food subsidies and other losses totaling 296,673 yuan.

After trial, the court held that citizens’ right to life and health was protected by law. If another person infringes upon a citizen’s personal rights due to his fault, he shall bear civil liability for compensation. The vehicle involved in the accident is owned by Li and has been insured with compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance. According to Article 43 of the Regulations on Compulsory Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability Insurance, for Song’s loss, the insurance company shall be liable for compensation within the limit of compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance, and the rest shall be liable for compensation according to the degree of fault of all parties.

In this case, when driving on campus, Li should ensure the safety of pedestrians, especially on downhill roads, and pay attention to avoiding pedestrians. Li injured Song, who was returning to the classroom because of brake failure, and his fault was the root cause of the accident, and he should bear all the responsibility for the accident; A vocational school failed to fulfill the corresponding obligation of prompting and supervising the vehicles coming to the school. During the dissolution of recess exercise, it should try to avoid the traffic of vehicles on campus, thus inferring that a vocational school failed to fulfill its management responsibilities, and according to the provisions of Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), it was determined that the school should bear 30% of the supplementary liability for compensation.

Based on the above situation, the court ruled that the insurance company compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 180,000 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of the judgment; Li compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 81,536.99 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of this judgment; A vocational school shall bear the supplementary compensation liability within the range of 24,461.09 yuan when Li can’t pay off the above sum. After the school bears the above supplementary compensation liability, it has the right to recover from Li.

01

The accident happened in a closed campus. Is it a road traffic accident?

This case is a dispute over damages caused by an accident when a vehicle passes outside the road. If a motor vehicle is damaged by a traffic accident, it shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the road traffic safety law. Article 77 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that accidents that occur when vehicles pass outside the road shall be handled with reference to the relevant provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law. Article 25 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Road Traffic Accident Damage Compensation Cases stipulates that the provisions of this Interpretation may be applied with reference to damage compensation cases caused by motor vehicles passing outside roads. In this case, Song was injured by a motor vehicle in a non-road traffic accident on campus, and his personal injury compensation can be handled in accordance with the above-mentioned legal provisions.

02

Who will bear the responsibility for the traffic accident on the way to delivery?

According to the provisions of Article 1191 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a student suffers personal injury from an off-campus person while he is at school, the infringer shall bear the responsibility. If the staff of the employing unit causes damage to others due to the execution of work tasks, the employing unit shall bear the tort liability. In this case, a maintenance service co., Ltd. contracted the maintenance and cleaning project of the drainage ditch and septic tank in the male and female dormitory of the school. Li, an outsider in this case, is not a worker or employee of the company, but a deliveryman. Because of his fault, he should bear all the responsibilities.

03

Does the school take responsibility for the accident on campus?

According to Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct suffers personal injury from a third person outside the kindergarten, school or other educational institution during his study and life, the third person shall bear the tort liability; Kindergartens, schools or other educational institutions that fail to fulfill their management responsibilities shall bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Article 9, paragraph 2, of the Measures for Handling Student Injury Accidents stipulates that if the school safety management system has obvious omissions or management confusion and fails to take timely measures to cause student injury, the school shall bear corresponding responsibilities according to law.

At the time of the incident, Song was a person with limited capacity. During the dissolution of the class exercise, when Li was driving on campus, the school did not have managers to stop reminding him. It can be seen that the school’s safety management was negligent and did not do its due management duties, which caused Song’s personal injury accident. If the school is at fault, it should bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. After the school assumes the supplementary responsibility, it can recover from Li.

In addition, students are injured from time to time due to construction on campus. During construction, the school should not only educate students about safety, but also make necessary control over related work, always reminding them to pay attention to the safety of teachers and students and create a safe campus environment.

Original title: "Brake failure, driver school delivery hits students, how to define the responsibility? The court ruled! 》

Read the original text

Author: Xiangya Medical College of Central South University-Wang Xuemei

The development process of red blood cell system in bone marrow is pluripotent stem cells → pluripotent stem cells → primitive red blood cells → early erythrocytes → middle erythrocytes → late erythrocytes → reticulocytes → mature erythrocytes. Today we are going to talk about reticulocytes.

　

reticulocyte

Reticulocyte is a transitional cell from enucleated late erythrocytes to mature erythrocytes. It is named reticulocyte because of the remaining basophilic substances such as ribosomes and ribonucleic acid in its cytoplasm. After living staining with Brilliant Tar Blue or Neomethylene Blue, blue or blue-green reticular structure can be seen in its cytoplasm. This kind of cell belongs to immature red blood cells, which remain in the bone marrow for a certain period of time before being released into the blood stream. Therefore, the number of reticulocytes in bone marrow is not only higher than that in peripheral blood, but also naive, which is a sensitive index to judge the inhibition and recovery of hematopoietic function in bone marrow.

Clinical significance of reticulocyte parameters

Differential diagnosis of anemia

The combination of absolute reticulocyte count (RET﹟) and immature reticulocyte index (IFR) is helpful to judge the type of anemia.

Table 1. Differential diagnosis of anemia by RET combined with IRF [1-3]

Notes:

(1) The results only explain the experimental research samples;

(2) Immature reticulocyte index (IFR) is defined as the ratio of immature or immature reticulocytes to total reticulocytes. The closer to maturity, the lower the fluorescence intensity of reticulocytes, and the larger the volume of immature reticulocytes. According to their light scattering characteristics, they are mainly high and medium fluorescence reticulocytes with high fluorescence intensity and high residual RNA content.

Monitoring of radiotherapy and chemotherapy

The dynamic observation of reticulocyte can guide the clinical adjustment of treatment plan in time and avoid serious bone marrow suppression. In the process of cancer chemotherapy, 1RF is a very sensitive index to reflect bone marrow suppression and recovery. In the stage of complete bone marrow suppression, IRF can be reduced to zero. After receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy, if bone marrow suppression occurs, the IFR will first decrease and then the reticulocyte value will decrease. If the bone marrow begins to recover after stopping radiotherapy and chemotherapy, IFR will also increase first, and then the reticulocyte value will increase. Immature reticulocyte (IRF) is an important sensitive index to evaluate the curative effect of anemia drugs, especially in chronic renal failure or acquired immunodeficiency disease.

Monitoring of bone marrow transplantation

The increase of peripheral blood granulocyte count is the basis for early monitoring after transplantation, but the absolute value of granulocyte may be affected by simultaneous infection and transplant rejection. In addition, preventive platelet transfusion will also affect the monitoring of platelet manufacturing ability in the early stage of transplantation. Therefore, both are not ideal. Reticulocyte parameter is an independent parameter to detect hematopoietic recovery of bone marrow, which is usually not related to transplantation complications.

Ret-he (reticulocyte hemoglobin)

It is used to diagnose iron metabolism disorder anemia and detect the state of iron storage in the body. This parameter is of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of anemia caused by functional iron deficiency, and can monitor the effect of EPO and iron treatment. Ret-He is decreased in functional iron deficiency caused by stored iron loss, which is a typical iron deficiency anemia and can be treated with iron agent (orally). When functional iron deficiency is accompanied by RET-He decline in iron-rich state, iron injection and EPO should be used for treatment.

references

Jia Lianling, Ou Hongling, Huan Wang, Zhao Haijiao, Li Meng, Wang Xinru. Diagnostic value of new reticulocyte parameters for anemia [J].

Xu Guizhu, Ronghua Qiu. Clinical significance of reticulocyte and red blood cell parameters in differential diagnosis of thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women [J].

Chen Min, Xiaowei Liu. Clinical value of reticulocyte parameters in diagnosis of anemia [J].

This article was originally written by the Voice of Inspection, please indicate the source.

Editor: Green is about to drip

Review: Chenchen

1905 movie network news Editor’s Note: The premiere of "Revisiting Classics" Channel — — The 87 th edition not only received enthusiastic response when it was broadcast, but also became a classic in the minds of several generations after years of precipitation. The actor of "Jia Baoyu" in the play, from the insecure candidate, to the mature actor and then to the behind-the-scenes director, has also taken the initiative to shoulder a public welfare identity in recent years — — Cultural communicator of A Dream of Red Mansions.

Recently, the China Television Arts Committee specially invited Ouyang Fenqiang, the director, to be interviewed, reviewing the birth of the classic character "Jia Baoyu" and talking about the anecdotes behind the scenes.

Q: When did you first get involved in acting?

A: I started filming when I was 12 years old. At that time, there was a literary propaganda team and a story team in the Children’s Palace, and I told stories in the story team. When the teacher took us on a lecture tour to various schools, I was seen by the literary director in sctv, so I was invited to tell a story at the TV station, and then I was seen by the director of Emei Film Studio, so I went to the film studio to make a film in 1976. The first film I made was Spring Tide, which was based on a novel by Sichuan writer Ke Fei. I played the son of a widow, and this was my first time in film and television.

At the beginning of 1977, Chengdu Sichuan Opera Troupe rehearsed Yang Kaihui’s Sichuan Opera "Die Lian Hua" and needed an actor to play Mao Anying. The troupe didn’t have a child of twelve or thirteen years old, so others recommended that there was a child in a certain school. He used to tell stories well, but later he went to make a movie. Let’s call him and have a try. At that time, seven or eight children were called to audition. Of course, there was no suspense later. I won’t have to go to school. I will attend rehearsals during the day and perform at night. At that time, the teachers of the troupe liked me better, so as a special talent, I was directly recruited to the Sichuan Troupe as a professional actor. When I arrived at Sichuan Opera Troupe, the film studio came to me whenever there was a role of a child. The Sichuan Opera Troupe said that you might as well transfer him directly to the film studio, so I transferred to the film studio to be a full-time film actor when I was about 16 years old, but at that time I was a walk-on and played some small roles. Later, sctv filmed the first TV series "Yang Xiaoliang" and asked me to play Yang Xiaoliang, a young man who was unemployed. Then I met A Dream of Red Mansions.

Q: How did you get the role of Jia Baoyu?

A: When the crew of A Dream of Red Mansions was doing the first class in Yuanmingyuan, they had not yet chosen an actor to play Jia Baoyu.

The director was determined to find a boy to play Jia Baoyu. The audience of Jia Baoyu accepts girls to play, which is a convention from the aesthetic point of view. However, director Wang Fulin thinks that if you get a girl to play, no matter how good you look, there are still traces of acting, so I hope it will still be played by boys, at least his version of A Dream of Red Mansions is played by boys. But the image of Jia Baoyu is really special. He is a boy, he is a lovely boy, and he is a lovely boy with a face full of powder, so it is not easy to find. Mr. Wu Zuguang, the consultant of the crew, said that if you are looking for a boy to play Jia Baoyu in China, this Jia Baoyu has not yet been born. However, director Wang Fulin insisted on his own creative ideas, so Jia Baoyu was not in the first class, and he was still looking everywhere in the country.

Many people recommended me to go. Zhang Yuping and Gao Hongliang, whom I worked with in the first class, were all recommended to the director and deputy director. Wang Dao didn’t take it to heart at first, because children recommended children, which was not very convincing. At this time, Wang Dao will go to Emei Mountain to find the stone under the green ridge peak, just to Chengdu. Accompanying him to Chengdu, she was already booked to play Wang Xifeng. She is from Sichuan Theatre, so she found out the address and came to our house to find me. But when I was away, she left me a note saying that Wang Fulin, the director of the TV series Dream of Red Mansions, wanted to see you, and asked me to meet Wang Fulin in Room 305 of Jinjiang Hotel at 10: 00 the next morning. It happened that I had to go out with the film crew the next day, so I didn’t have time. And I thought, how could this opportunity fall on my head? I didn’t even plan to go. Later, my dad told me, go there, maybe this is an opportunity. I listened to my dad and rode a broken bike to Jinjiang Hotel after 10 pm. Wang Dao hasn’t rested yet. When he heard it was me, he said he had an appointment for tomorrow morning. I said I’m going to shoot tomorrow. Then I chatted with him. He asked me if I had played any plays, and I said what I had played. At that time, Yang Xiaoliang was broadcast on CCTV.

Then he said that we have selected more than 20 Jia Baoyu from all over the country, and we want to try the lens in Beijing. Can you come too? I said I didn’t have time to come. Because I thought to myself, it can’t be me. Don’t bother. Besides, I don’t have time to go while filming on the set. Later, Wang Dao said, well, you come by plane. Because in those days, flying was important, and the average actor couldn’t fly. As soon as I heard that someone invited me to fly, I managed to eat and drink, and I had never been to Beijing, so I decided to go and play. I came to Beijing with this mentality. I also prepared a passage the night before the audition. I recited the words of Baodai Reading the West Chamber about twice. When we arrived at the scene that day, 25 people each went up to perform. After the test, I had to rush back to Chengdu. The crew said there was no air ticket. At that time, there was only one flight a day, so it was difficult to buy air tickets. I said I couldn’t. I had to go back to filming. Two hours later, the crew said you should go, and we settled a first-class ticket for you. I was even more shocked. At that time, bureau-level cadres were eligible to fly first class. How could they be so friendly to me? Is it still interesting to me? I took this question and went home to film.

The crew sent a letter of business transfer soon, without informing me. It was public to public. At that time, we were filming in the mountains, and the telephone was disconnected, which was not as developed as communication now. So at that time, people all over the country knew that I was going to play Baoyu, but I didn’t know. CCTV has already spread the story about who was decided by Jia Baoyu in A Dream of Red Mansions, and all the four official media at that time published the news and all my photos, but I don’t know in the mountains. Not long after I returned to Chengdu and entered the house, there was a loud knock on the door, and I opened it and saw that seven or eight reporters had stuck in our house to interview me, saying that you were playing Jia Baoyu. I said I just tried the lens, don’t talk nonsense. They said it was all in the newspaper. The next day, I rode my bike back to the Eying Actors Troupe and asked our head. I said, what happened to the head? Why did the reporter come to interview me? What did he say? The regiment said, it’s really settled. You should hurry to Beijing.

That’s how I got to Beijing. At this time, the second class was already halfway through.

Q: Is the process of integrating into the role smooth?

A: Because I joined late, I didn’t take part in the lectures, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting given by the experts in the first class, so I was under great pressure. They are all very familiar with each other, so I am so nervous that I can’t let go. At that time, everyone’s role was decided. In the study class, everyone mainly prepared clips and sketches according to their own roles, and reported them to the director group and those mature teachers every once in a while. The teachers would also advise you on how to perform. There is also reading books by yourself and reading the original Dream of Red Mansions. How could I understand A Dream of Red Mansions at that time? It was a gobbledygook. So the pressure is very high.

Director Wang Fulin said one day, you are old-fashioned with a hand on your back every day, which is like a perverse and lovely Jia Baoyu? You look like a Taoist Xu that Jia Zheng likes. He said this was not the way to do it, so later he had a meeting with the whole cast, especially the cast, and announced at the meeting that I would not be allowed to read novels or write any desk work. Because of the great psychological pressure, you can’t enter the state and relax. How to relax? Your task is to play pranks every day, and to fool a person every day. You can fool whoever you want, but just don’t read books, and you can go to the girl’s bed and have a fight. In fact, he used this method to integrate you into a group and relax your whole body and mind. Therefore, I think director Wang Fulin is very methodical, very grounded to inspire actors to enter the role.

The next step was the shooting process. At that time, I was still under pressure, and I couldn’t wait for the director to replace me. The first scene I shot was that Qin Keqing was sick in bed, and Wang Xifeng took Baoyu to visit the sick. I was so nervous that I didn’t fall asleep all night. I guess I should quit my job after the scene was filmed. That’s the feeling. After the performance, I quickly paid attention to the director’s expression, saw the director smiling and nodding frequently, and then consulted everyone around. What about Baoyu? Everyone said yes, yes, good, good. From his expression, I felt that he was quite satisfied. His satisfaction really opened my heart, and the stone fell forever. So if you go further back, you can do whatever you want.

Q: Looking back on the cooperation with director Wang Fulin, what are your feelings?

A: The director said something harsh about me. When Baoyu told Daiyu the story of mouse essence in Xiaoxiang Pavilion, there were many lines, all of which were Jia Baoyu’s words. I didn’t prepare them carefully and didn’t memorize them. When shooting, I forgot the words when I thought about it, and I forgot the words when I thought about it. The performance was not vivid at all. Wang Dao was in a hurry, so he said a few harsh words and scolded me for not being prepared seriously. He said that in such an interesting scene, you are such an important role. If you want to ruin the scene, you will ruin it. Our efforts and painstaking efforts for several years will be in vain. You can’t act like this. The story of mouse essence should be very happy, naughty and perverse, and it is vivid. Now you are reciting an eight-part essay, not telling a story, so you criticize me. From then on, I never dared not recite words, including later becoming a director myself. I also told many actors that reciting lines is a basic artistic virtue. Whether your play is good or not, you have to memorize the words first to match the word actor.

Wang Dao cultivated virtually every character in the play. Today, people say "A Dream of Red Mansions" and these characters. In fact, how did we know "A Dream of Red Mansions" at that time? I think there is only one actor among us who really understands and loves A Dream of Red Mansions. Many of us didn’t understand A Dream of Red Mansions, but a blank sheet of paper was given to the director, who drew every character he wanted on it.

Looking back now, he was under great pressure. In the process of writing A Dream of Red Mansions, he faced the crisis of being almost replaced many times. At that time, there were very different views on him. I thought he couldn’t shoot it, saying that the TV series "Dream of Red Mansions" had been shot badly. You see, many amateur actors, shoe repairers in leather shoes factories, salespeople in department stores and telephone operators in people’s communes are used. Who are they? How can they shoot A Dream of Red Mansions well? A bunch of children don’t know how to shoot A Dream of Red Mansions? In fact, this voice has been accompanied by Wang Dao, and I don’t believe that Wang Dao can shoot successfully. Therefore, in the process of filming A Dream of Red Mansions, Wang Fulin always looked at him with countless pairs of questioning and suspicious eyes. He was working on A Dream of Red Mansions under such great pressure, so Hu Zehong, who played Cherish Spring at that time, gave him a nickname called Lonely Little Boy. He is lonely under this pressure, but his prime minister can punt in his stomach. I think he is very tolerant and a director with general style.

He is actually Wang Dadan. He dares to think what others dare not think and do what others dare not do. Who dare to use a group of children who have no acting experience and don’t understand A Dream of Red Mansions to play A Dream of Red Mansions? He dares. Who dares to play Jia Baoyu with boys? He dares. Wang Liping was under great pressure to make music at that time, because in everyone’s impression, Wang Liping composed music with pop music. How can classical masterpieces use pop music? He dares to shoot this board. Including makeup artists and dressers, many of them are the first time to do it, and he dares to use it. According to him, I would rather use someone who is dedicated than someone who is experienced but not dedicated. Of course, this play has also made these people. So I think Wang Dao is really a great TV director who should be recorded in the history of the development of China TV series.

Q: What were the shooting conditions of the crew at that time? How do you overcome and balance all kinds of difficulties?

A: There was no meat to eat at that time. We live in a guest house of a vegetable company opposite Nancaiyuan (now Grand View Garden), a big bungalow with a canteen. The meals of the crew are often all Chinese cabbage, vermicelli and tofu, and no meat is seen. When we were young, we wanted to eat meat. What should we do? I went to the mall to buy instant noodles and lunch meat in bulk, and processed them by myself in the electric stove at night. Without vegetables, Chinese cabbages in vegetable companies are frozen on the side of the road in winter. In the evening, I took several actors from the cast, such as Gao Hongliang and Ma Guangru who played Gary, to get cabbages. Because the crew’s food was standard, and at that time every sum of money had to be audited, completely according to the standard. One day, the crew asked Chen Xiaoxu and I to go to the city to find a leader, saying that we were hungry and had no meat. In the evening, secretary and district head of Xuanwu District … … The leaders all came to the site to work, and the district paid subsidies so that the dolls could eat meat.

Although the conditions were difficult, everyone kept improving in the whole creative process. I remember that the props used at that time were all real. We shot the location in the West Lake in Hangzhou, and all the other scenes were finished, so we couldn’t shoot Baodai Reading the West Chamber because the peach blossoms didn’t bloom. It was already spring in March, but the flowers couldn’t bloom that year because of the rain and low temperature. I also joked to the director that fake flowers could be used, but I couldn’t see them anyway. The director ignored me. The whole crew stayed in Hangzhou for several days, just to wait until the peach blossoms opened before filming this scene. Therefore, although the crew has no money, Wang Dao is very strict about the quality.

I shot that scene of "A vast expanse of whiteness is really clean", that is, the scene where Baoyu finally disappeared in the snow. It was shot on the same day as Deng Jie’s "Smart and Tired" (Wang Xifeng was buried in the snow with a broken straw mat), and we both experienced minus 25 degrees and heavy snow. Because the song "Smart and Tired" is very long, Deng Jie was dragged in the snow, and the picture had to match the song, so we couldn’t stop. Wearing little clothes, it was MINUS 25 degrees, and when I finally put her in the car, the whole person almost fainted.

Hardship is hardship, but we always strive for perfection in creation.

Q: What influence did A Dream of Red Mansions have on your later life?

A: After filming, everyone will go their separate ways, and those who should go back to the factory will go back to the factory. Director Wang Fulin told me that you played A Dream of Red Mansions and Jia Baoyu, and you will not find it enjoyable to play any role in the future, because the play is too big. I said, then I’ll be a director behind the scenes. Later, the leaders of CCTV wrote a letter directly to the leaders of sctv, recommending me to go to sctv. So I transferred the TV station from the film factory at that time, and all the relationships were transferred in five days, without any obstacles.

Q: What do you think of the significance of the establishment of the "Revisiting Classics" channel?

A: I think it’s a good thing to show the importance and care for the classics with practical actions. For those of us who have participated in classic creation, it is a support of spiritual strength.

In 2017, A Dream of Red Mansions was broadcast for 30 years, and the commemorative activities were organized by me. I begged for money everywhere. At that time, the idea was that anyone who was a member of the Red Mansion crew could come and have a real party, including the voice actor, and I also managed to eat and travel. Not only the crew will come, but also I will gather the red fans from all over the country. Later, some actors came back from abroad at their own expense, and they didn’t want me to give money, but also found their own hotels. On the morning of the event, I held a meeting with fans in the Botanical Garden and performed in the Great Hall of the People in the evening. It was hard to get a ticket for more than 5,000 seats. As soon as the curtain opened, there was a cry on stage and off stage. After the whole performance that day, everyone left. My wife and daughter and I walked out of the Great Hall of the People. It was drizzling outside, and the three of us were sitting on the steps of the Great Hall of the People. I was in tears at that time.

I have been doing activities to promote A Dream of Red Mansions since 2017, including entering universities, middle schools and primary schools, and some activities to promote A Dream of Red Mansions in cooperation with the government. I feel that although I am not a researcher of A Dream of Red Mansions, I can at least be a communicator. There are various ways and means to spread A Dream of Red Mansions, including the spread of radio dramas, dance dramas and ballet. Then I spread the stories behind the scenes of the 87th edition of A Dream of Red Mansions, which is also a kind of communication. The purpose is to make more people pay attention to, like and understand A Dream of Red Mansions. So I think that "reviewing the classics" is a spiritual power.

Q: When you retire, are there any messages for young TV artists?

A: I retired on March 5th this year. I have been in film for 48 years and worked for 46 years. I have experienced the development and prosperity of China TV series. When I was just engaged in the performance of TV series, China TV series had not yet formed its own mature style. I watched the TV series step by step towards glory, and later formed its own TV drama aesthetics. I think I have no message for young people, and I have to learn from many young art forms, keep pace with the times, follow the pace of the times, feel the context of the times, and continue to seek.

Oral guest: Ouyang Fenqiang

Invited interview and arrangement: Lin Hui (oral history expert of China Communication University)

Planning: Li Xuan, Zhao Cong