The the State Council executive meeting held recently pointed out that the import tariffs on daily consumer goods should be lowered on a large scale to better meet the diversified consumption needs of the masses. At the routine briefing on the State Council policy held by the State Council Information Office on June 1st, Vice Minister of Finance Zhu Guangyao introduced the relevant situation.

On May 31st, the State Council Customs Tariff Commission issued an announcement to reduce the import tariffs on consumer goods, which will take effect on July 1st this year.

Why should the import tariffs on consumer goods be lowered on a large scale this time? In this regard, Zhu Guangyao introduced that consumer goods for daily use are closely related to people’s needs for a better life. At present, the average MFN import tariff rate of consumer goods in China is 14.5%, which is 9.8% higher than the general tariff level in China. In 2017, China’s general trade import of consumer goods was US$ 65.7 billion. Since 2015, with the approval of the State Council, China has reduced the import tariffs on daily consumer goods for four times in order to attract overseas consumption back and meet the needs of residents’ consumption upgrading, mainly considering the high-quality products that are concentrated in consumption abroad and cannot be supplied at home for a while, including woolen clothes, some shoes and boots, sunglasses, thermos cups, diapers, some special foods and health care products.

It is understood that this tax reduction, in addition to appropriately reducing some products that have been significantly reduced in the previous period, plans to greatly expand the scope and intensity of tax reduction for other consumer goods, including products that are relatively few in consumption abroad but have distinctive advantages abroad, and products with relatively high import tax rates, involving 1,449 tax items, which is seven times the total of the previous four tax reductions. The average tax rate decreased from 15.7% to 6.9%, with an average decrease of 55.9%.

"Reducing import tariffs on consumer goods is conducive to expanding the import of products with distinctive advantages, meeting the needs of people’s better life, and better embodying the people-centered development concept; It is conducive to creating a fair competitive market environment and deepening the structural reform of the supply side of consumer goods; It is conducive to further opening up and is a major measure and practical action for us to actively open up the market. " Zhu Guangyao said.

Regarding the reduction of import tariffs this time, everyone is very concerned about whether the prices of consumer goods with concentrated demand from the people can continue to decline. In this regard, Zhu Guangyao explained that lowering tariffs did reduce the import cost to a certain extent, which generally helped to lower the price in the domestic market.

"At the same time, we should also look at it objectively. Tariffs are levied according to the import price of goods rather than the domestic market price. Reducing taxes on mass consumer goods priced on the basis of cost can promote market price reduction. However, for high-end consumer goods, the market sales price is usually several times the import price. " Zhu Guangyao said.

"After reducing tariffs, whether the price of consumer goods is reduced and how much it is reduced does have market behavior. We hope to enrich domestic consumption choices by reducing import tariffs and expanding imports of consumer goods. We hope that tax reduction can promote the decline of consumer goods prices, so that policy dividends can be truly transmitted to consumers and our consumers can get more benefits. " Zhu Guangyao said. (Reporter Yang Liang)

Decree No.89 of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce

　　The Regulations on the Administration of Advertising Publication and Registration, which was deliberated and adopted at the executive meeting of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of December 1, 2016.　

Director Zhang Mao

November 1, 2016

Provisions on the Administration of Advertising Release and Registration

(Promulgated by Order No.89 of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on November 1, 2016)

　　Article 1 These Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Advertising Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Advertising Law), the Administrative Licensing Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other laws and administrative regulations in order to strengthen the supervision and management of advertising activities and standardize the registration of advertising.

　　Article 2 A radio station, television station, newspaper publishing unit (hereinafter referred to as advertising publishing unit) that engages in advertising publishing business shall apply to the local administrative department for industry and commerce at or above the county level for registration of advertising publishing.

　　Article 3 The State Administration for Industry and Commerce shall be in charge of the supervision and administration of the publication and registration of advertisements nationwide.

　　The local administrative departments for industry and commerce at or above the county level shall be responsible for the publication and registration of advertisements and related supervision and management within their respective jurisdictions.

　　Article 4 To register advertisements, the following conditions shall be met:

　　(1) Having the qualification of a legal person; A newspaper publishing unit that does not have the legal person qualification shall apply for the registration of advertising release by its organizer with the legal person qualification;

　　(2) Having an organization specialized in advertising business;

　　(3) Having advertising practitioners and advertising examiners who are familiar with advertising laws and regulations;

　　(4) Having a place and equipment suitable for advertising.

　　Article 5 To apply for advertising registration, the following materials shall be submitted to the administrative department for industry and commerce:

　　(1) Application Form for Advertising Publication and Registration;

　　(2) Relevant media approval documents: radio stations and television stations shall submit the License for Radio and Television Broadcasting Organizations and the License for Radio and Television Channels; newspaper publishing units shall submit the License for Newspaper Publishing and periodical publishing units shall submit the License for Periodical Publishing;

　　(3) Certification documents of legal person qualification;

　　(4) The certification documents of the advertising agency and the appointment documents of the person in charge;

　　(5) Certification documents of advertising practitioners and advertising examiners;

　　(6) Certificate of use of the place.

　　The administrative department for industry and commerce shall, within five working days from the date of accepting the application, make a decision on whether to approve the registration. If registration is granted, the decision to grant registration shall be announced to the public; If the registration is not granted, the reasons shall be explained in writing.

　　Article 6 Advertising publishing units shall use their own broadcasting frequencies, TV channels, newspapers and periodicals to publish advertisements.

　　Article 7 The term of validity of advertisement publishing registration shall be consistent with the term of validity of the approval documents submitted by the advertisement publishing unit in accordance with the provisions of Article 5, paragraph 1, item 2 of these Provisions.

　　Article 8 In case of any change in the registered items of advertising, the advertising publishing unit shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for registration of change within 30 days from the date of the change.

　　To apply for changing the registration of advertising release, an Application Form for Changing the Registration of Advertising Release and supporting documents related to the change shall be submitted.

　　The administrative department for industry and commerce shall make a decision on whether to approve the change within five working days from the date of accepting the application for change. If the change is approved, the decision to approve the change shall be announced to the public; If it is not changed, the reasons shall be explained in writing.

　　Article 9 Under any of the following circumstances, the advertising publishing unit shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for cancellation of registration in time:

　　(1) The validity period of the advertisement publishing registration expires and the advertisement publishing unit has not applied for extension;

　　(two) the legal person qualification of the advertising publishing unit is terminated according to law;

　　(3) The registration of advertisement release is revoked or revoked according to law;

　　(four) the advertising publishing unit does not meet the conditions stipulated in Article 4 of these Provisions due to changes in circumstances;

　　(five) the advertising unit stops engaging in advertising;

　　(six) other circumstances in which the registration of advertising should be cancelled according to law.

　　Article 10 Where it is necessary to extend the registration of advertisement release upon the expiration of the validity period, the advertising publishing unit shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce for extension 30 days before the expiration of the validity period. The administrative department for industry and commerce shall make a decision on whether or not to approve the extension before the expiration of the validity period of the advertisement release registration. If the extension is granted, the decision to grant the extension shall be announced to the public; If it is not extended, the reasons shall be explained in writing; If no decision is made within the time limit, it shall be deemed to be granted.

　　Eleventh advertising units shall establish and improve the system of registration, audit, file management, statistical reports and other advertising business.

　　Article 12 An advertising publishing unit shall, in accordance with the requirements of the advertising statistical report system, fill in the Advertising Statistical Report on time through the advertising statistical system and submit the advertising operation of the previous year to the administrative department for industry and commerce.

　　Article 13 The administrative department for industry and commerce shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, supervise and manage the advertising publishing units within its jurisdiction in the form of spot checks. Spot checks include:

　　(a) whether to engage in advertising activities in accordance with the registration items of advertising;

　　(2) Information on advertising practitioners and advertising censors;

　　(3) The establishment and implementation of basic management systems such as registration, audit, file management and statistical reports for advertising business;

　　(four) whether to submit the "advertising statistical report" in accordance with the provisions;

　　(five) other matters that need to be checked.

　　Article 14 Where the administrative department for industry and commerce revokes the registration of advertising release of an advertising publishing unit in accordance with the provisions of the Advertising Law, it shall notify the administrative department for industry and commerce that has registered the advertising release of the advertising publishing unit within 10 days from the date of making the decision.

　　Fifteenth radio stations, television stations, newspapers and periodicals publishing units engaged in advertising business without registration, the administrative department for Industry and Commerce shall investigate and deal with it in accordance with the provisions of Article 60 of the Advertising Law.

　　Anyone who obtains the registration of advertisement release by cheating, bribery or other improper means shall be revoked by the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law and be fined between 10,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan.

　　If the registered items of advertising release change, and the advertising release unit fails to handle the change registration according to the regulations, the administrative department for industry and commerce shall order it to change within a time limit; If the registration of change has not been handled within the time limit, a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan shall be imposed.

　　If the advertising publishing unit fails to submit the Statistical Report of Advertising Industry as required, it shall be given a warning by the administrative department for industry and commerce and ordered to make corrections; Refuses to correct, a fine of ten thousand yuan.

　　Article 16 The administrative department for industry and commerce shall announce the registration information of advertisement release, such as approval of advertisement release registration, change registration and cancellation registration, to the public through its portal website or government public service platform. If it cannot be announced through the above channels, it shall be announced to the public through newspapers and other mass media.

　　The advertising registration information and administrative punishment information of an enterprise shall be publicized to the public according to law through the enterprise credit information publicity system.

　　Article 17 These Measures shall come into force as of December 1, 2016. The Measures for the Administration of Advertising Business License promulgated by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on November 30, 2004 shall be abolished at the same time.

　　CCTV News:On November 30th, the Central Radio and Television General Station "International Sharp Review" broadcasted an article entitled "G20 Leaders Summit in the Rear View Mirror", which was reprinted and quoted by many overseas media.

　　From November 29th to December 1st, local time, Channel News Asia (Singapore Asia News), Sky News Arabia (British Sky News Arabic Channel), Al Hurra (American Free Television), Channel 5 St Petersburg (Russian Channel 5 in St Petersburg) and Tagesschau 24 (German Daily News 24 TV) quoted relevant contents and materials. Many overseas media such as facebook account of French LCF Radio, Radio We website of Italy (facebook account and twitter account), German website of European Times, Jingren Radio of South Korea, Record China website of Japan, Niconico website of Japan, Oricon website of Japan, Daily Morning News website of India, Economic Watch website of Turkey, Industrial News website of Kazakhstan, and Chinese headline APP are widely forwarded. On December 1, Hong Kong Wen Wei Po also published this article.The main reports are as follows:

　　This Friday (November 30th), the G20 Summit officially entered "Argentina Time". This will be the most significant and far-reaching event in the world this year.

　　The G20 summit mechanism, which was born after the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, can be described as "sharpening a sword in ten years". In the face of the current slowdown in global economic growth, rising uncertainties and risk factors in world economic development, and the impact of unilateralism, protectionism and anti-globalization on the international order, whether the G20 summit mechanism can play a leading role in macro-coordination and cooperation again in Do not forget your initiative mind has aroused great concern.

　　The website "Arab News", headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, said that this may be the "most important G20 summit" since the London summit in 2009 aimed at solving the global financial crisis.

　　David grohl, coordinator of G20 affairs in Australia, wrote that the summit is facing great challenges. "We no longer live in a world where all major countries agree with key multilateral agreements and institutions, such as ‘ Paris Agreement’ ’ Sustainable development goal ‘ And the World Trade Organization. Gru is pessimistic, but he is also looking forward to it: "When people need it most, the G20 Summit will play a role" because "it is more like a ’ Bad weather ‘ Friends in case, not ’ The weather is fine ‘ Friends of the time. "

　　Reuters pointed out that 10 years ago, the "solidarity scene" shown by countries in the face of "economic disaster" only existed in the rearview mirror. This means that the ambition set by politicians in the G20 summit mechanism is now a thing of the past.

　　However, everything in the past is a preface.

　　The disaster caused by the financial crisis in 2008 is still fresh in my mind: the International Monetary Fund lowered its forecast for world economic growth in 2009 from 3.8% to minus 1.3%. In order to save the global economy, G20 actively coordinated the fiscal stimulus policies of various countries, and obtained an increase of 235 billion US dollars in loans through multilateral development banks and financial institutions, thus avoiding the prevalence of "Beggar Thy Neighbor" economic policies and protectionist measures during the Great Depression, and building itself into "The Premier Forum for global economic cooperation".

　　The success of G20 leaders’ summit mechanism in coping with the crisis in those years and later stems from the broad representation of its member countries, the common understanding of "all in the same boat" and "all in glory, all in loss", and their active coordination and solid actions of open cooperation in macro policies. G20 covers the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, BRICS countries and members of the Group of Seven. It can be said that as long as the most important economies in the world act in unison, there is no problem that cannot be overcome. At the three summits in 2008 and 2009, leaders of various countries took into account the interests of other countries while pursuing their own interests. They seek cooperation opportunities in competition and seek win-win results in cooperation.

　　As the largest developing country and a member of G20, China played a mainstay role in the global financial crisis: internally, it ensured that there were no major problems in its economy, and enhanced its economic competitiveness through active structural reforms; Continue to take measures to open the market to the outside world. For example, since February 2009, China has successively purchased more than RMB 15 billion (US$ 2.2 billion) in Europe to stimulate trade and investment activities.

　　A set of data is very telling: the economic growth rate of emerging markets was only 2.7% in 2009, and it reached 7.6% in 2010. The high growth rate of China’s economy in 2010 was an important driving force. In that year, China’s contribution to world economic growth reached more than 50%.

　　In previous G20 leaders’ summits, China has always been the main force to promote and adhere to multilateralism, carry forward the spirit of partnership, and seek win-win, win-win and win-win in open cooperation. The Supreme Leader of president, China has participated in five summits in succession since 2013. As the head of state of the rotating presidency, he presided over the 2016 Hangzhou Summit.

　　In the past five G20 summits, the top leaders repeatedly stressed that all countries should build an "open world economy" and resolutely "oppose trade and investment protectionism" because "all countries will benefit from the expansion of world trade. The shrinking of the world market is not good for all countries. " He also called on all countries to "continue to be the standard-bearers of global free trade, safeguard the multilateral trading system, build a mutually beneficial and win-win global value chain, and cultivate a large global market".

　　At the G20 Hangzhou Summit in 2016, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader proposed and actively promoted the transformation of G20 from the past crisis response mechanism to the long-term mechanism of global economic governance, emphasizing that "in today’s economic globalization, there is no isolated island", "coordination and cooperation is an inevitable choice", and "partnership spirit" is G20′ s most valuable asset and "the choice for all countries to jointly meet global challenges".

　　Undoubtedly, during this decade, other leaders of G20 summit also put forward many good policy proposals and suggestions.

　　Looking back on the G20 in the past ten years, people look back on each previous summit and its theme, as well as the challenges they need to face from the rearview mirror, and feel more and more that this year’s summit in Argentina needs "practical actions of coordination and cooperation and the spirit of mutual benefit and win-win partnership" than ever before.

　　According to the latest data of the World Trade Organization, since May to October this year, there have been 40 trade restrictions among G20 members, involving 481 billion US dollars of trade, which is the highest point since the relevant statistics were available in 2012.

　　All these have made many analysts feel anxious, fearing that the G20 Argentina Summit will stage a "silent ending" like the G7 Summit in June this year and the APEC informal leaders’ meeting in November.

　　G20 Summit is a mechanism, not a quick-acting medicine that can solve all problems at once. In 2013, when political security problems plagued the G-20 St. Petersburg Summit, some media once pointed out: "When this week’s summit is held, the world needs G-20 leaders to rekindle their willingness to unite and cooperate … … Even meeting and chatting is valuable, because the more mutual understanding, the less unexpected risks. "

　　Today, I read this passage in the rearview mirror and it still applies.

　　Many overseas media quoted and forwarded "International Sharp Review" articles:

　　As of November 30, 2018, Channel News Asia has quoted relevant content and materials for 7 times.

　　As of November 30, 2018, Sky News Arabia (British Sky News Arabic Channel) quoted relevant content and materials three times.

　　As of November 30, 2018, Al Hurra (American Free Television) quoted relevant content and materials twice.

　　As of November 30, 2018, Channel 5 St Petersburg (Channel 5 in St. Petersburg, Russia) has quoted relevant content and materials twice.

　　On November 30, 2018, Tagesschau 24 (German Daily News 24 TV) quoted relevant content and materials.

Facebook account of French LCF radio station was forwarded on November 29, 2018.

"European Times" German website forwarded on November 29, 2018

India’s "Daily Morning News" website was forwarded on November 29, 2018

Kazakhstan’s "Industry News" website was forwarded on November 29, 2018

Chinese headline app forwarded on December 1, 2018

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po was published on December 1, 2018.

Open column language

In April, 1994, China fully accessed the Internet and became the 77th member of the international Internet family. This year is the 30th year of China’s full-featured access to the Internet, and it is also an important node of "half a child".

In just 30 years of development, there are many "things" worth remembering. In the past 30 years, the Internet in China has grown from scratch, from small to large, from large to strong, and many objects, applications or platforms have been born. The value of the above objects or applications is not only in business, but also a kind of feeling, which embodies people’s long-term memory of life and emotion.

To this end, Beijing News Shell Finance and China Internet Development Foundation China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund launched the topic "Internet 30 Years and 30 Things". I hope that by telling the story of the landmark objects, applications or platforms in the history of Internet development in China, I can outline the evolution of Internet in China in the past 30 years and see where it will go in the future.

A network cable 30 years ago connected China to the world. Nowadays, the Internet is half-baked and China is in the ascendant after the "Internet".

Art leader andy warhol said, "Everyone can be famous in 15 minutes" and "Everyone can be famous for 15 minutes". However, in the era of short video, it takes only 15 seconds for a person to become famous.

After nearly 20 years of development, the short video industry has experienced the evolution from the micro-film era to the mobile era, and then to the national era. It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

microfilm

In 2005, with the improvement of network speed and bandwidth, as well as the popularity of personal computers (PCs) and video recorders, the Internet began to enter the video era from the graphic era. Tudou, Thunder, VeryCD (electric donkey download) and other companies have been established.

It was also at the end of this year that an animator named Hu Ge edited the film "The Promise" into a short film "A Bloody Case Caused by a Steamed Bread" and detonated the network. The download volume even beat the original film "The Promise", which was considered as the embryonic form of a micro-movie. Micro-movies promote the grassroots of short videos, and inadvertently cultivate the awareness of netizens using fragmented time to shoot, make, upload and watch.

Established in 2006, Six Rooms introduced Hugo and launched his follow-up works, which brought huge traffic. With the gradual formation of video sharing atmosphere, Six Rooms, Tudou, Youku, Kuliuwang, etc. have stood in the ranks of domestic first-line video sharing websites.

Initially, these video websites were positioned as platforms for uploading and publishing original videos, which is quite similar to the concept of short video platforms today. However, at that time, user habits were still in the cultivation period, and shooting equipment and uploading costs were expensive. In 2010, Iqiyi, Youku and other players brought copyrighted content and capital into the market, and the wave of mobile Internet hit. At that time, the PC-side video sharing website was closed down or changed hands, and the six rooms gradually turned to the direction of performing arts live broadcast.

watershed

2016 can be said to be a "watershed" in the short video industry, and ByteDance’s entry is a landmark event. Before ByteDance announced "All-in Short Video", the number of short video platforms was close to 400, and Aauto Quicker, Second Shot, Watermelon Video, American Shot, Volcano Video, Tudou and other platforms quickly emerged and rushed into the first camp. They either seize the first-Mover advantage of segmentation and quickly accumulate a huge user base, or rely on Internet traffic giants.

Han Kun, one of the founders of Kuliu.com, and Zhang Hongyu, one of the founders of PPS, have been working hard in the field of short video for a long time. After Kuliu.com was acquired by Shanda.com, Han Kun founded a technology company in 2012, which is the parent company of Second Shot, xiaokaxiu and Live Broadcast, and entered the mobile video sharing. Zhang Hongyu joined Aiqiyi as PPS was acquired by Aiqiyi, and became an early investor of Second Shot. Secondhand relies on the strategic cooperation and investment relationship with Weibo, and has many stars and opinion leaders under Weibo’s banner. Most of the broadcast traffic is realized in Weibo.

Aauto Quicker was born in 2011. It was originally a tool for making moving pictures. In 2012, it transformed into a short video community and quickly accumulated influence among residents in third-and fourth-tier cities. However, Aauto Quicker said: "Aauto Quicker is not doing short videos or live broadcasts, but just wants to bring the ability of recording and sharing to everyone with technology. This technology can also be in other forms in the future. We hope that everyone can have equal opportunities for communication. "

The beauty shoot emphasizes the beauty function, the positioning is feminine and vertical, and the users are mostly women.

During the Spring Festival of 2014, hundreds of stars, including Lee MinHo, Fan Bingbing and He Jiong, gathered in Microvision to pay New Year’s greetings and broadcast them on TV in turn, which brought a small climax to Microvision: this application, which was launched in 2013, remained in the top five in the App Store for several days, with 45 million daily active users. From New Year’s Eve to the first day of the first year, millions of people released and watched short videos of New Year’s greetings through Microvision, with a total broadcast volume of hundreds of millions of times. Ten months after its launch, Microvision was established as an independent department.

ByteDance’s entry in the second half of 2016 became a watershed in the short video industry. In September 2016, ByteDance founder Zhang Yiming announced "All-in Short Video", and successively launched three short video products, namely watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok. According to reports, the three products have different positioning. Tik Tok is mainly a short music video for young people, volcano video is a daily life sharing platform, and watermelon is a mobile short video platform, which uses AI algorithm to push content to users.

With the strong entry of ByteDance, the short video industry has entered a new competitive pattern, and mainstream Internet companies have focused their attention on the short video field, unwilling to miss the new outlet.

The battle of giants

The "war" was first burned on the subsidy. In September 2016, Tencent and ByteDance almost simultaneously proposed their own short video subsidy plans of 1 billion yuan; In the first half of 2017, Baidu and Ali followed up. Baidu announced that it would divide the accumulated content producers into 10 billion yuan, while Ali proposed to support content creation with 2 billion yuan subsidies; In November 2017, Tencent opened its platform with 10 billion yuan of subsidies and resources at its partner conference, focusing on supporting short video entrepreneurship and even opening its own copyrighted content for producers to use; ByteDance’s watermelon video immediately announced that it would pay 2 billion yuan as the creator’s advance production fee.

At the same time as the subsidy, the platform is built. At first, BAT (Baidu, Ali, Tencent) did not set up a separate short video aggregation platform, but chose to add short video functions to their original super applications, and encouraged content providers to settle in various "accounts" to realize "one account settled in" and multi-platform distribution. Tencent’s Penguin is responsible for such functions, and Ali’s Big Fish is responsible for such functions. Baidu, Netease and Sohu have also followed suit to open various distribution accounts.

In the second half of 2017, under the temptation of the powerful broadcast volume and duration of short videos, major Internet companies also launched their own single short video platforms. In November 2017 alone, the short video industry ushered in four new products directly hatched by Internet companies, namely 360′ s "Fast Video", Baidu’s "Good Video", Tencent’s "Microvision" and Weibo’s "Cool Burning". In the first half of 2017, Ali upgraded the acquired Tudou to a short video platform. Tencent emphasizes social relations, Ali focuses on e-commerce, ByteDance plots information distribution, and Internet giants make short videos in their own good directions.

In the field of short video, capital layout has already begun. The second shot was first incorporated by the giants. In July 2013, September 2014, November 2015 and November 2016, Sina Weibo Fund invested in the parent company’s technology for four consecutive rounds, and was the lead investor in at least two rounds. At the critical moment, Weibo took Secondshot as its exclusive short video platform, helping Secondshot win the tough battle with platforms such as Meipai and Xiaoying.

Followed by Aauto Quicker, in March 2017, Aauto Quicker received $350 million in financing, and Tencent led the investment; In its tens of millions of dollars in financing in March 2016, Baidu Investment Department appeared. The veteran player "Mei Pai" belongs to Meitu, a Hong Kong-listed company. Watermelon video, volcano video and Tik Tok are big trees backed by ByteDance.

China’s Internet giants completed the power assembly of the short video sector in early 2018. From the perspective of capital, various short video platforms have embraced the giant’s thighs and "achieved each other" with resources and capital. From the perspective of application attributes, there may be few independent short video platforms in the future, and most of them are integrated into super applications as tools to attract traffic and distribute content.

Move forward in adjustment

By the end of 2019, short video traffic has basically been divided. QuestMobile data shows that as of June 2019, the number of newly installed users in the short video industry was close to 100 million, and the total monthly active users were close to 821 million, basically covering all netizens in China at that time. Among them, ByteDance (Tik Tok, Watermelon and Volcano) ranks first with nearly 600 million monthly activities after weight reduction, while Aauto Quicker ranks second with nearly 350 million monthly activities, followed by Tencent (micro-vision, hot pot) and Baidu (good-looking, all-people) with huge traffic portals.

Many commercial actions have been carried out almost simultaneously, and almost all the means of realizing advertisements, e-commerce, live broadcasts, enterprise numbers and short videos have been opened to content producers this year. Many content entrepreneurs bluntly say that it is precisely because of the "attack" of Tencent Microvision and Baidu’s good-looking videos that Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker are willing to open all these original platforms, such as e-commerce and advertising, to content entrepreneurs, so that they can get more shares in the ecology.

It can be said that short video has become the biggest outlet in the 4G era, and no giant wants to be absent. Although Tencent and Baidu were behind Aauto Quicker and ByteDance at that time, they all hoped to stay at the poker table and wait for the next outlet in the 5G era. Just one year later, "lucky" Tencent and others came to the WeChat video number, while Baidu "hastily" announced at the end of 2020 that it would acquire YY live broadcast under Huanju Group for over 3 billion yuan.

While the short video industry is in sturm und drang, the industry supervision is becoming stricter. In 2018, short video platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Volcano Video, Meipai and Tik Tok were successively ordered to be rectified by relevant departments. At that time, Tik Tok initiated the initiative of all sectors of society to jointly draft the Tik Tok Community Convention on the platform to strengthen self-discipline; At the beginning of 2019, China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued "Management Specification for Network Short Video Platform" and "Detailed Rules for Auditing Network Short Video Content" to guide the standardized development of the industry; In 2020, xiaokaxiu and pear videos were successively removed; The year 2021 coincides with the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the short video industry is facing the "strongest supervision in history". The China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association issued the Detailed Rules for the Audit Standards of Network Short Video Content, which regulated and restricted the short video content in more detail.

According to the latest data, in 2023, 112,918,700 hours of Internet video programs were added, including 547,462,600 hours of short videos. Internet users watched Internet audio-visual programs (including short videos) for about 3 hours every day, and more than 750 million users uploaded short videos.

It is generally judged in the industry that more and more short video platforms will begin to diversify, taking into account a variety of content and forms of expression; Industry players tend to be more concentrated, relying on the support of giants, and realizing the integration of Lian Heng through capital and resources. As a form of content expression and distribution, short video will be more and more integrated into various super applications. At the same time, with the strengthening of supervision and technological progress, the short video industry will also usher in a more compliant and broad development.

This activity is supported by China Positive Energy Network Communication Special Fund of China Internet Development Foundation.

Beijing News Chief Reporter Bai Jinlei Editor Yue Caizhou Proofread Liu Baoqing.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that from 28th to 30th, affected by a new cold air, there will be strong winds and cool weather in most areas from northwest to southeast. Autumn and winter are the seasons with high incidence of respiratory diseases. How to prevent them scientifically?

　　Xiamen, Fujian: The number of outpatients in respiratory department has increased significantly.

　　In the past two days, the reporter found in the respiratory clinics of several hospitals in Xiamen, Fujian that many patients were waiting in line for treatment.

　　According to doctors, the number of patients with respiratory diseases has increased by about 30% in the past two weeks, and many of them even come from married with children to see a doctor.

　　Lian Qingrong, Deputy Director of Pediatrics, Xiamen Hongai Hospital:Patients mainly focus on some diseases of respiratory system, and the most common one is actually acute upper respiratory infection.　

　　Beijing: Influenza-like cases increased by 16.69% after the cold wave.

　　Let’s look at the colder north. The results of influenza surveillance by Beijing CDC show that from 15th to 21st of this month, there were 11,689 people receiving influenza-like cases in hospitals above the second level in Beijing, an increase of 16.69% compared with the same period last year. Why has it changed so much? Take a look at the weather before this week.

　　According to the data of China Weather Network, with the arrival of the two cold waves on November 7 and 22, the temperature fluctuation in this month is much larger than that in the same period of last year. Especially in this cold wave that started on the 7th, the temperature difference in one week is nearly 11℃. It seems that everyone should prevent colds before a new round of cooling.

　　Correct distinction: the general symptoms of influenza are obvious, such as high fever and pain.

　　Everyone has respiratory symptoms. How can you tell the common cold from the flu? Experts tell us that the most obvious difference is that the most uncomfortable part of patients with common cold is usually the upper respiratory tract, and once they get the flu, the whole body symptoms will be more obvious.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:The common cold generally does not have obvious systemic symptoms, that is, runny nose, sneezing, phlegm-blocking symptoms, a lot of runny nose, and then there may be throat discomfort, but the flu will be high fever and body aches are very obvious.

　　After the correct distinction is made, how to effectively prevent and treat it? What misunderstandings need to be avoided?

　　How to find the flu symptoms as soon as possible?

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:Now the flu has begun to show signs of epidemic. You may have contacted some people. For example, in such a unit, someone at home has fever symptoms, and then you are infected. At this time, if his infection symptoms are, for example, high fever, chills, even muscle aches and headaches, this is a typical flu performance, which can be basically clarified.

　　Experts said that at present, it is in the high season of influenza, coupled with the need for epidemic prevention and control. If there are symptoms such as high fever, it is recommended to seek medical advice as soon as possible to judge the condition.

　　You can’t carry the flu hard, especially for key people.

　　Because influenza can easily lead to serious complications, people at high risk of influenza, such as the elderly with basic diseases and children with weak immunity, should pay special attention.

　　Hu Shaoming, Deputy Chief Physician of Jialian Street Community Health Service Center, Xiamen City, Fujian Province:Patients with chronic diseases and low immunity will have some serious complications, such as pneumonia, meningitis, or gastrointestinal diseases, which will cause some serious organ failure.

　　You can’t take medicine blindly to prevent influenza.

　　Some people in life often drink cold granules or take other drugs orally after feeling cold or flu symptoms. Experts say that you can’t take medicine blindly to prevent colds.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:You are a high-risk influenza patient. Under special circumstances, this group of people can use some preventive drugs appropriately. For example, there are some effective drugs for influenza, such as oseltamivir, which can be used selectively, but this group must be controlled and not generalized.

　　To prevent influenza, wearing a mask and frequent ventilation are standard.

　　Experts emphasize that vaccination is still the most effective way to prevent influenza. In addition, you should wear a mask and wash your hands frequently. Whether at home, office, school or nursing home, you should always be ventilated.

　　Attending physician Cai Jinghuang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University:For example, if a patient with a cold sneezes here, all his cold viruses are in this room. We should ventilate in time to reduce the concentration.

　　Li Haichao, Vice President of Peking University First Hospital and Professor of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine:Don’t be overtired, keep warm when the weather changes, don’t gather, and maintain your resistance. You eat well and sleep well, so you are also resistant to the flu virus.

In the summer of 2009, Pizza Hut cancelled its salad self-service in China chain stores, but foreign media seemed to have just recovered. The British "Post Online" news website analyzed and reported on the 29th of this month why Pizza Hut’s buffet salad was withdrawn in China, and listed in detail the case that Chinese became a "salad engineer" when he arrived at Pizza Hut, and concluded that "Pizza Hut could not afford to play after meeting Chinese". For the whimsy of China diners, foreign netizens also have different views. Some netizens envy and hate, "My mother Mia, it looks so good, I will do the same!" Some netizens criticized, "I don’t think we should waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … …”

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

The following is the full text of the report:

A few years ago, Pizza Hut closed the salad buffet in China, and the official statement was that it was part of the menu reform. But many people think that the real reason is that the Pizza Hut diners in China can always make the Big Mac salad tower, so the cunning China diners came up with this idea.

Because compared with the generous Pizza Hut in Europe and America, the Pizza Hut in China only allows diners to help themselves with salads at the salad counter at one time. Therefore, diners in China certainly won’t waste this opportunity, which is also the only one. They invented the "salad tower" and piled up all kinds of fruits and vegetables in order to get more salads at one time.

China Diners’ "Masterpieces"

As a result, this kind of "salad tower" has become a trend. Many people post their "salad tower" on the Internet to show off, so everyone wants to surpass others and build a higher Pizza Hut "salad tower". Those "salad engineers" also shared their experience of stacking on the Internet. For example, if you want to stack the "salad tower" very high, you must first put the crispy foods such as carrots and cucumbers on the base and lay a good foundation.

Because Pizza Hut is positioned as a high-end restaurant in Asia, not a cheap fast food restaurant, when Pizza Hut restaurant in China announced that it would no longer set up its own salad service in China, people took it for granted that the "salad tower" was the cause.

Of course, after learning the bad news, Chinese seems to be more keen on building a "salad tower" to make up for the regret of the accumulation of colorless lacquers.

Kotakure website commented that Pizza Hut still kept some salad self-service in China’s capital, but this kind of play has gone out.

Foreign netizens also have different views on the whimsy of China diners. The following are excerpts from foreign netizens’ comments:

Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" — — Pure handmade

My mother Mia, it’s so awesome. It looks good. I’m going to do the same!

I think it’s better not to waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … … Forget it. Forget it.

Well, it’s really incredible!

Aren’t they afraid that eating all these at once will hurt their stomachs?

Wonderful Pizza Hut "Salad Tower"

I’m not surprised at this at all. I have lived in China for three years, and sometimes when I have brunch in a five-star hotel on weekends, I am really shocked every time. Chinese always fills the plate with food, as if it were their last meal. Whether it’s salad, caviar or dessert, Chinese can eat all the food you can name, and he eats a lot.

I remember that when people went to Pizza Hut for dinner a few years ago, they had to pay extra for salad. At that time, I always put salad in a bowl, because I could take more. I think I didn’t know I was dwarfed until I went to the East. I still like the way diners in China do, and I have learned a lot from them. I often go to Pizza Hut after returning to China, and then pile up salads to make all kinds of "salad towers", and I enjoy the feeling that employees and other guests stare at me. I think I am awesome!

Chinese has never eaten western food. You see that China is full of Pizza Hut, McDonald’s and KFC, and supermarkets are full of Tesco and Wal-Mart. Have you ever seen China-branded restaurants or other chain stores in Britain and America?

God-like existence — — Pizza Hut Salad Tower

I think Chinese’s "salad tower" is the greed of a few people that has damaged the interests of many people.

This looks very unsightly. I’m curious when was the last time they ate, and why did they keep stuffing food into their mouths?

I think only people who like salad very much can take so much at a time, otherwise it will be so heavy that all the food below will be crushed, and I feel disgusting.

I have a very simple way. Salad service is charged by weight. Let’s see if they will still take so much!

Although it is short, it is full of Pizza Hut "salad tower"

I can’t figure it out. In all Pizza Huts in the United States, the food in the salad bar is full, and few people take it … … Except, of course, Pizza Hut near Los Angeles Airport.

Real men eat potatoes and meat, not salads!

Ok, this really shocked me, but the salad in Pizza Hut tastes ok, so why put so much!

Well, they really have time to do this. When it’s done, the pizza will get cold.

Teach you how to build Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" by hand.

Original post address: British Post Online, Longteng.com.

　　It is necessary to grasp the node that opens every profit window and rationally arrange the positions that need to be hedged.

　　"It’s cold, do you want to save something to eat?"

　　"Rice and oil are easy to say. Can vegetables be eaten after a week in the refrigerator?"

　　Epidemic prevention and control has entered a normal state, but many friends have become accustomed to "hoarding" food in the refrigerator — — So, are meat and vegetables frozen or refrigerated? How many degrees is the most suitable for preservation? Can I eat it after a week?

　　Meat should be "cold" and vegetables will be "frozen"

　　The bought fish can’t be kept, and the vegetables will rot in the refrigerator for a few days. Is the meat taken home refrigerated or frozen … … "hoarding goods" not only makes the elderly scratch their heads, but also makes the young people confused.

　　"Generally speaking, the requirements for the preservation environment of various foods are different, and it is definitely not possible to stuff them all into the refrigerator." According to industry insiders, in professional supermarkets, the storage temperature of all kinds of foods is relatively fixed; Consumers pick and choose and take them home and stuff them into the refrigerator, often only to find that they have gone bad when they eat them.

　　"If you go to a big supermarket like Metro in summer, you may have to bring a thick coat to the meat sales area." The reporter learned the "best storage temperature" of different foods in Metro: frozen products are at-18℃ ~-22℃, cold meat is at 0-4℃, fish is at 12-16℃, and fruits and vegetables are at 12-14℃; Therefore, even in summer, the area where meat products are sold is very "frozen". The person in charge of the Metro member store said: "Different foods require different storage temperatures, and only by taking correct temperature control measures can the freshness, hygiene and safety of foods be guaranteed."

　　In general, the freezing temperature of household refrigerators is -18℃, while that of cold storage rooms is 0-4℃. Therefore, the cold meat bought home can be stored in the cold storage room if it is eaten soon, and there is no need to freeze it. In the current weather, fruits and vegetables don’t have to be put in the refrigerator when they are bought home. They can be stored at room temperature and eaten as soon as possible. It should be noted that even frozen food should be eaten within 90 days; The flavor and nutritional value of foods frozen for too long will be greatly reduced even if they are not "spoiled".

　　Constant temperature in the whole process is very important, and "thawing and freezing" is not advisable.

　　If you buy too much meat and freeze it, take it out and cut it, and put the rest back, okay? The answer is: no.

　　"Frozen food is easy to breed bacteria during repeated thawing and freezing." Nutrition experts said that some institutions have done relevant comparative tests, frozen and thawed the same piece of meat for four times, and carried out bacterial inspection every time. The results showed that the total number of colonies increased sharply after thawing and refreezing, and the total number of colonies in the last time was 15 times that of the first inspection.

　　The reason is that food will inhibit the growth of bacteria when it is frozen at low temperature, but in the process of thawing, with the increase of external temperature, bacteria in food will multiply rapidly; When we put the food in the refrigerator again, the low temperature environment can inhibit the growth of bacteria, but it can’t "kill" the bacteria that grew before. When it is thawed again, the bacteria will double.

　　"Big supermarkets can guarantee the ‘ of purchasing, processing and sales areas; Whole cold chain ’ But often consumers don’t care after buying it back, which will lead to food deterioration, "nutrition experts pointed out." Therefore, fresh products should be put into the freezer immediately and frozen products should be put into the freezer as soon as Metro, a supermarket that takes a "whole cold chain" approach to meat, comes home, keeping the "last link" still in the cold chain.

　　If you can’t eat it all at once, it is recommended to freeze it in small pieces and thaw as much as you eat. Whether consumers purchase frozen products or fresh ingredients themselves, it is better not to "thaw twice" after freezing. Zhang hongmei

CCTV News:On the afternoon of October 14th, the State Council Information Office held a press conference. The relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Customs introduced that in the first three quarters of this year, the economic operation was generally stable, the import and export of goods grew steadily, and the foreign trade structure continued to be optimized.

According to customs statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, China’s import and export was 32.33 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.3%; Among them, the export was 18.62 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.2%; Imports reached 13.71 trillion yuan, up by 4.1%.

In the first three quarters, the historical period exceeded 32 trillion yuan for the first time, and the import and export in each quarter exceeded 10 trillion yuan, 11 trillion yuan and 11.17 trillion yuan respectively, which was also the first time in the historical period.

Tu Xinquan, Dean of the China World Trade Organization Research Institute of the University of International Business and Economics, said: "This year’s foreign trade performance is still very bright. The total import and export volume in the first three quarters exceeded 10 trillion yuan, showing the strong growth momentum of China’s foreign trade. The most fundamental factor behind this lies in the overall improvement of China’s international trade competitiveness, and our competitiveness comes from a highly complete manufacturing supply chain, huge economies of scale and rapid technological progress. Although the current world economic situation is turbulent and there are many unfavorable factors, strong international competitiveness is the basis and guarantee for the continuous expansion of our products in the world market. "

In the past two days, a large-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier under construction of Dalian Shipping Company docked at the dock berth, and nearly 1,000 workers were outfitting the ship. On the other side of the dock, an LNG dual-fuel container ship is undergoing final debugging before delivery. This marine "Big Mac" is powered by natural gas and oil, which can reduce carbon emissions by more than 20% and sulfur oxide emissions by 100%.

Since the beginning of this year, under the background of decarbonization and transformation of the shipping industry, Liaoning shipbuilding enterprises are promoting the transformation and upgrading of mainstream products, actively providing green, safe and intelligent green ships to the world, and the number of products delivered has increased significantly. In the first eight months of this year, shipping enterprises in Dalian exported a total of 12.11 billion yuan worth of various types of ships, up 31.3% year-on-year.

The steady growth of import and export depends on both supply and demand.

According to the foreign trade data released on the 14th, China’s import and export maintained steady growth in the first three quarters. A reporter asked what were the main factors driving the growth. According to the relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Customs, the steady growth of China’s import and export depends on both supply and demand.

On the demand side, from an international perspective, the latest WTO report raised the forecast of the annual growth rate of goods trade. The World Bank, OECD and other institutions believe that the global economy is stabilizing and the recovery of external demand has created favorable conditions for China’s exports. In the first three quarters, China’s exports to traditional markets such as Europe, America and Japan increased by 4.2%, while exports to emerging markets such as ASEAN and Latin America increased by 12.3% and 13.7% respectively.

Domestically, since the beginning of this year, China’s industrial production has grown steadily, driving the import of coal, natural gas and iron ore to increase by 11.9%, 13% and 4.9% respectively in the first three quarters. With the cyclical upswing of the consumer electronics industry, the imports of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, integrated circuits and flat panel display modules have all achieved double-digit growth. The consumer market continued to grow steadily, and the imports of specialty fruits, wine, clothing and other consumer goods increased by 7.1%, 28.9% and 6.1% respectively, effectively meeting the diversified domestic consumer demand.

From the supply side. At present, China is accelerating the development of new quality productivity, and the trend of high-end, intelligent and green manufacturing is very obvious. Innovation makes China manufacturing more widely favored.

In the first three quarters, China’s high-end equipment exports increased by over 40%.

At the press conference, the person in charge of the General Administration of Customs introduced that at present, China is accelerating the development of new quality productivity, and the trend of high-end, intelligent and green manufacturing is obvious.

Customs statistics show that in the first three quarters of this year, China’s export product structure was optimized, and the export of high-end equipment increased by over 40%. The export of mechanical and electrical products was 11.03 trillion yuan, up 8%, accounting for 59.3% of the total export value. Among them, the export of high-end equipment increased by 43.4%, and the export of integrated circuits, automobiles and household appliances increased by 22%, 22.5% and 15.5% respectively. In addition, the export of traditional labor-intensive products was 3.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.8%.

Foreign trade business entities remain active, and private enterprises grow rapidly.

Statistics released by the General Administration of Customs show that in the first three quarters of this year, all kinds of business entities in China remained active, and private enterprises achieved rapid growth. Taking Jiangsu, which has the largest manufacturing cluster in China, as an example, relying on the complementary advantages of industrial structure with overseas countries, foreign trade enterprises keep a close eye on the wind direction of global industrial chain supply chain and continuously improve the export of high-tech products.

Since the beginning of this year, Jiangsu has continuously strengthened the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and the export contribution of high-tech products has been continuously enhanced. In the first nine months, the export of high-tech products exceeded 860 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of about 10%.

In recent years, the private economy has made remarkable achievements, and the import and export scale has hit record highs. Not only that, private enterprises have also become a new force leading innovation and creation, and are the largest import and export subject of high-tech products in China.　

According to customs statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, the import and export of private enterprises in China was 17.78 trillion yuan, up 9.4%, accounting for 55% of the total foreign trade, up 2.1 percentage points; The import and export of foreign-invested enterprises was 9.53 trillion yuan, up by 1.1%, increasing for two consecutive quarters; The import and export of state-owned enterprises was 4.95 trillion yuan, an increase of 0.1%.

Tu Xinquan, Dean of the China World Trade Organization Research Institute of the University of International Business and Economics, said: "Private enterprises have played a major role in China’s foreign trade for many years. I think this is mainly due to the deepening of China’s reform and opening up. The continuous improvement of market economic system reform has created an increasingly optimized business environment for the development of private enterprises, and the continuous expansion of opening up has helped private enterprises to better learn, digest and absorb the world’s most advanced technology and experience, and keep up with or even lead the latest trend of world industrial development. Foreign-funded enterprises continue to play an irreplaceable role in China’s economic development and international exchanges. Opening up is not only our national policy, but also our firm belief. China will continue to expand its opening up and welcome foreign-funded enterprises to participate in the construction of Chinese modernization and share the development opportunities of China. "

Trade with more than 160 countries and regions around the world has grown.

According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs on the 14th, in the first three quarters of this year, the import and export of foreign trade between China and its major trading partners maintained a growth momentum, and the international market layout with close regional cooperation and diversified progress continued to be optimized.

These two days, in this food production company in Yunnan, workers are busy packing a batch of 850 kilograms of bagged rice noodles, which will be exported to Britain after passing the customs inspection.

Crossing the bridge rice noodles is a local traditional snack. After processing and upgrading, it carries Yunnan’s unique food culture and historical details and gradually "goes out of the circle" to the world.

With the help of efficient customs clearance and other measures, this year’s 1-mdash; In August, the export of ready-to-eat and fast-cooked products in Yunnan Province increased by 28.7% year-on-year, and the export value increased by 23.8% year-on-year.

Customs statistics show that in the first three quarters of this year, China’s market diversification was steadily advanced, and trade with more than 160 countries and regions around the world increased. The import and export of countries that jointly built the "Belt and Road" was 15.21 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.3%, and the proportion increased to 47.1%. Imports and exports to other RCEP member countries reached 9.63 trillion yuan, up 4.5%, of which imports and exports to ASEAN reached 5.09 trillion yuan, up 9.4%. In the same period, the import and export to the EU and the United States were 4.18 trillion yuan and 3.59 trillion yuan respectively, up by 0.9% and 4.2% respectively.

Tu Xinquan, Dean of China World Trade Organization Research Institute of the University of International Business and Economics, said: "China’s foreign trade market diversification has continuously made new progress. While consolidating the traditional market, it has occupied an increasing share in emerging markets. This is the result of the concerted efforts of the Chinese government and enterprises. On the one hand, our government has actively signed various trade agreements with trading partners to explore ‘ Belt and Road ’ Market, constantly expand the circle of friends. On the other hand, Chinese enterprises have a strong sense of pioneering and flexible market strategies, and constantly develop emerging markets, so that China’s foreign trade competitive advantage can be fully exerted. "

　　China Net Finance August 29th Today, China Consumers Association released an investigation report on the disclosure of personal information of App. In order to more accurately grasp the content scope, possible ways, problem forms, rights protection willingness and other relevant information of consumers’ personal information disclosure, and better safeguard consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, China Consumers Association organized a questionnaire survey on "App Personal Information Disclosure" from July 17 to August 13, 2018. The survey was conducted online, and a total of 5,458 valid questionnaires were collected.

　　I. Main findings of the survey

　　(1) Over 80% of the respondents have experienced personal information disclosure.

　　According to the survey results, the overall situation of personal information disclosure is relatively serious, with 85.2% of people having experienced personal information disclosure and 14.8% not having experienced personal information disclosure.

　　Figure 1: Have you ever encountered personal information disclosure?

　　(2) Common problems encountered after personal information is leaked: harassing sales calls or text messages, receiving fraudulent calls, and receiving spam.

　　According to the survey results, when consumers’ personal information was leaked, about 86.5% of the respondents were harassed by sales calls or text messages, about 75.0% of the respondents received fraudulent calls, and about 63.4% of the respondents received spam, ranking the top three. In addition, some interviewees have received illegal information such as illegal links, and even more, personal account passwords have been stolen.

　　Figure 2: Expression of Personal Information Disclosure

　　(C) Two key concerns of consumers’ personal information: being used for fraud and theft, and selling or exchanging it to a third party.

　　According to the survey results, if the mobile App leads to the disclosure of personal information, the most worrying issue is being used for fraud and theft, accounting for 70.5%. Followed by selling or exchanging to a third party, accounting for 52.4%, being harassed by promoted advertisements accounting for 37.7%, and reputation damage accounting for 6.6%.

　　Figure 3: Concerns about personal information disclosure

　　(D) Operators’ unauthorized collection of personal information and intentional disclosure of information are the main ways of personal information disclosure.

　　According to the survey results, the main way of personal information leakage is that the operator collects personal information without his consent, accounting for about 62.2% of the total sample of the survey; Second, operators or criminals intentionally disclose, sell or illegally provide personal information to others, accounting for about 60.6% of the total sample of the survey, and 57.4% of personal information is leaked due to loopholes in the network service system. There are also criminals stealing and defrauding personal information through Trojan horses and phishing websites, and operators collecting unnecessary personal information, accounting for 34.4% and 26.2% respectively.

　　Figure 4: Ways of Personal Information Disclosure

　　(5) About one-third of the respondents chose to admit that they were unlucky after the disclosure of personal information.

　　According to the survey results, after personal information is leaked, respondents will take various measures to safeguard their rights and interests, such as complaining to consumer associations and relevant administrative departments, and some respondents will choose to negotiate with service providers and give feedback to relevant industry organizations.

　　It is noteworthy that in the end, about one-third of the respondents chose to "admit that they are unlucky", which may be based on their inability to cope, on the other hand, they may accept the status quo after failing to cope.

　　Figure 5: Measures taken after personal information is leaked.

　　(6) Reading the APPlication authority and user agreement or privacy policy when installing and using the mobile app.

　　1. In terms of reading habits, the respondents who choose "occasional reading" are the most.

　　According to the survey results, when users install and use mobile apps, few people read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, and most of them read occasionally and never read. Always reading accounts for 18.1%, often reading 8.2%, sometimes reading 16.4%, occasionally reading 31.2% and never reading 26.2%.

　　Figure 6: Habits of reading application permissions and user agreements or privacy policies.

　　2. From the reading level, the respondents who chose "probably reading" were the most.

　　According to the survey results, among 73.8% of the respondents who have read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, only 26.7% of the respondents can carefully read the written descriptions of the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, less than 30%; Nearly 40% of the respondents will probably read the relevant policies, accounting for the highest proportion; About 20.0% of the respondents will choose to read the key chapters; Some respondents will occasionally check the application rights and user agreement or privacy policy text during the use process.

　　Figure 7: The extent of reading application permissions and user agreements or privacy policies.

　　3. "You can’t use it without authorization" is the main reason why respondents "never read".

　　According to the survey results, among the 26.2% respondents who never read the application rights and user agreements or privacy policies, the main reason for choosing never to read them is that they can’t use them without authorization, and they can only be forced to accept them, accounting for 61.2%. There are also 22.2% of the respondents who trust the App operators, and 16.6% of the respondents think that the contents of the App user agreement are similar.

　　Figure 8: Reasons for never reading application rights and user agreement/privacy policy.

　　(7) More than 60% of the respondents take measures to fill in some personal information to protect the safety of personal information.

　　According to the survey results, respondents mainly protect personal information security by filling in only a part of personal information when using App, accounting for 67.2%. 32.7% chose to turn off personalized services (such as location), 29.5% refused access to software, 24.6% installed relevant protection software, 18.0% used some false information during registration, and 4.9% of the respondents said they didn’t care.

　　Figure 9: Personal Information Protection Measures

　　(8) The permissions required by App are mainly to obtain location information and access contacts.

　　According to the survey results, the right to read location information and the right to access contacts are the most frequently encountered when installing and using mobile apps, accounting for 86.8% and 62.3% respectively. The proportion of respondents who were asked to read the phone records (47.5%), read the short message records (39.3%), turn on the camera (39.3%) and record the microphone (24.6%) was relatively high.

　　Figure 10: Permission required to install and use mobile APP.

　　(9) Nearly 70% of the respondents believe that mobile apps gain user privacy rights when their functions are unnecessary.

　　According to the survey results, it is more serious for mobile apps to obtain users’ privacy rights when their own functions are unnecessary. 67.2% of the respondents encountered this situation, and only 32.8% of the respondents did not.

　　Figure 11: Do you get user privacy rights when using the mobile APP without its own functions?

　　(10) Nearly 80% of the respondents believe that the reason why mobile apps collect personal information is to promote advertisements.

　　According to the survey results, respondents believe that promoting advertisements is the most important reason for mobile apps to collect personal information, accounting for 77.0%. Other reasons were selling and exchanging personal information (45.9%), digging up users’ habits and providing better services (42.6%) and fraud and theft (24.6%).

　　Figure 12: Why the mobile App collects personal information.

　　(11) The main reasons for personal information security problems in mobile App are weak personal safety awareness and inadequate supervision.

　　According to the survey results, weak awareness of personal information security protection and inadequate supervision are the main reasons why respondents believe that personal information security problems occur in mobile apps, accounting for 64.0% and 57.3% respectively. Imperfect relevant laws (39.3%), difficulty in obtaining evidence, high cost of rights protection (24.6%), weak awareness of rights protection (19.6%) and lack of self-discipline in the industry (18.0%) are also important reasons for personal information security problems in mobile apps.

　　Figure 13: Reasons for Personal Safety Problems in Mobile APP

　　(12) More than 80% of the respondents believe that the current mobile App needs to be strengthened in the protection of users’ personal information.

　　According to the survey results, respondents believe that the current mobile App needs to be strengthened in terms of users’ personal information, with 62.3% of respondents thinking it is very necessary and 23.0% necessary, accounting for more than 80% of the total sample of the survey. The proportion of people who think it is unnecessary, unnecessary and completely unnecessary is relatively small.

　　Figure 14: The willingness to strengthen the protection of users’ personal information in the current mobile App.

　　1. Personal information disclosure is quite serious, and there are various ways and forms of information disclosure. According to the statistical results, the main ways of personal information leakage of consumers are that operators secretly collect personal information without their consent, operators or lawless elements deliberately disclose, sell or illegally provide personal information to others, and there are loopholes in the network service system, resulting in personal information leakage; When consumers’ personal privacy information is leaked, the most common situations are receiving fraudulent calls, sales calls, SMS harassment, spam and so on.

　　2. Over-collection of personal information by mobile apps shows a general trend. According to the survey results, there are many kinds of permissions that mobile apps need to obtain, the most prominent of which is to obtain location information and access contact rights; Moreover, the user’s privacy rights are obtained when the function of the App itself is not necessary, which increases the risk of personal information disclosure; Most respondents believe that the reason why mobile apps collect personal information is to promote advertisements.

　　3. The frequency and depth of consumers’ reading of mobile App application rights and user agreements or privacy policies need to be improved. According to the survey, more consumers never or occasionally read the text descriptions such as the application rights of mobile App and the user agreement or privacy policy. Moreover, due to the lack of knowledge of network technology and the length of written expression, some consumers will not fully read the written description of privacy policy, or browse it roughly, or read key chapters, and they are not deeply aware of it, and it is easy to miss key information or key descriptions. There are also a large number of consumers who can’t use the App without authorization and have never read the application rights and user agreement or privacy policy of the app.

　　4. The countermeasures after the disclosure of consumers’ personal information are insufficient. According to the survey data, after the disclosure of personal information, consumers are most worried about being used for fraud and theft or handing it over to a third party; However, it is worth noting that there are not a few respondents who choose to respond negatively and feel unlucky, and consumers’ awareness of active rights protection needs to be strengthened.

　　5. Consumers have a strong awareness of personal information security but lack effective protection means. The survey shows that users protect personal information security by filling in some information, and the weak awareness of personal safety and inadequate supervision are the main reasons for personal information security problems in mobile apps. On the one hand, consumers and mobile App service providers are often in an unequal position, and they can only agree or be forced to agree to format terms and information access rights; On the other hand, although consumers have a sense of self-protection, they don’t know how to protect themselves more effectively, and it is difficult to deal with them effectively.

　　Iii. suggestions

　　This survey shows that with the rapid development of the mobile Internet, the leakage of consumers’ personal information is not optimistic, and there is a general trend of over-collection of personal information by mobile apps. Consumers have many concerns, but they often lack sufficient effective countermeasures to protect consumers’ personal information and privacy. How to protect consumers’ personal information and privacy, respect consumers’ values and wishes, and make consumers’ personal information and privacy data no longer "streaking" and be reasonably respected and protected is inseparable from the extensive participation and common governance of all sectors of society. To this end, the China Consumers Association suggests:

　　1. Improve relevant laws and regulations to provide a solid foundation for the long-term development of the industry. At present, China has issued some normative documents and recommended standards to regulate and guide the collection of personal information by App, but the disciplinary measures and compensation issues that consumers are generally concerned about are not deep enough. It is suggested to further clarify the rights and obligations of both parties in the network information service, especially the obligations and responsibilities of App service providers, do a good job in coping with and judging the risks and problems related to the application of personal information and data, and let the data industry in the network era develop within the scope of the rule of law.

　　2. Strengthen the dynamic supervision of enterprises to provide a solid guarantee for the orderly development of the industry. The supervision of mobile App and the protection of personal information need the cooperation and dynamic supervision of the relevant departments such as industrial credit, market supervision, public security, culture and network security. First, strict access threshold and registration and filing, such as the review of developer qualifications, the registration and filing of App, the review of App service functions and contents, and all aspects of violation punishment mechanism should form a linkage to strengthen source governance; Second, severely punish all kinds of violations of laws and regulations, severely crack down on the black industrial chain of personal information trafficking, and form a normalized supervision mechanism for violations of consumers’ personal privacy information; The third is to pay close attention to the development trend of App in the market, such as jointly establishing an App spot check system and a blacklist system, and promptly publicizing the blacklisted software to remind consumers to download it carefully.

　　3. Urge enterprises to be self-disciplined and provide internal motivation for the healthy development of the industry. First of all, App service providers must establish the awareness of the first person responsible for consumer rights protection, adhere to the "safety" bottom line, and strengthen the responsibility to protect consumers’ personal information; Secondly, enterprises should obtain user data in a reasonable and legal way, and take effective measures to ensure the safety of users’ personal information and data, and win consumers’ choice and trust with service quality and security guarantee; Third, enterprises should avoid misunderstanding and misreading by consumers in a concise, eye-catching and easy-to-understand way when providing relevant services and fulfilling their obligation to inform; Fourth, enterprises should fully listen to and respect consumers’ reasonable demands and opinions and give timely feedback to improve consumers’ satisfaction and trust.

　　4. Encourage the public to participate and strengthen the popularization of network knowledge and safety education norms. On the one hand, it is necessary to widely mobilize social forces to jointly deal with the information leakage of mobile App through social propaganda, social mobilization, social participation and social supervision, strengthen the popularization of network knowledge and safety education norms, and enhance consumers’ awareness of personal information security protection and rights protection; On the other hand, it is necessary to unblock complaint channels and rights protection channels, and let consumers actively participate in the actions to safeguard personal information security through the construction of convenient complaint, report, feedback and handling channels, so as to enhance consumers’ rights protection will and effect.

　　5. Cultivate good information credit awareness and usage habits. Consumers should pay attention to "four attentions" when choosing to use mobile App: First, they should pay attention to choosing safe and compliant App products and services, and choose formal and effective channels for download and installation; Second, we should pay attention to carefully reading the Application authority and user agreement or privacy policy description of the app to understand the operational precautions; Third, we should pay attention to cultivate good habits, do not arbitrarily open and agree to unnecessary reading rights, do not arbitrarily input personal privacy information, and regularly maintain and clean up relevant data; Fourth, we should pay attention to seriously deal with the problem of personal privacy information being leaked. When personal information is found to be leaked, we should take the initiative to protect rights in time through effective means and report it to relevant departments when necessary, so as to protect more consumers from it.