In 2016, the General Secretary was with us.

Special planning of the first issue of Party Construction magazine in 2017

Written by our reporter Weng Huainan, Wang Jinhui, Yang Lianyuan and Chen Rong.

  Editor’s note:This is another year in which the overall layout of "Five in One" has been promoted in an overall way, and the strategic layout of "Four Comprehensives" has been promoted in a coordinated way, and remarkable results have been achieved. It is also another year in which the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core cares for the people and the masses, goes deep into the grassroots, cares about people’s livelihood, shares the same breath, shares the same destiny and unites with the people to run towards a well-off society. This year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader went deep into the grassroots, institutions, enterprises, military camps and schools in the vast urban and rural areas, listened to the voices of the masses, and discussed with the people about major issues. China is full of sound, and every word warms people’s hearts. This magazine selects some shots of the Supreme Leader General Secretary with the people in 2016, and asks the witnesses to tell the warm stories.

  Supreme Leader: The "Belt and Road" construction has provided Chongqing with a bigger platform for "going out", and promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has provided Chongqing with an important carrier for better integration into the central and eastern regions. Chongqing has great development potential and bright prospects.

"I grew up with the development of Orchard Port and submitted an application for joining the Party."

  Ameliia(On-site tallyman of Chongqing Orchard Bulk Terminal Co., Ltd.): As a member of the youth front line of Orchard Port of Port Logistics Group, I am very excited to meet the Supreme Leader General Secretary. The general secretary kindly asked us where we came from and what kind of work we were engaged in. His kind smile and words of concern made our nervous hearts suddenly relax, and he cared for us like an elder.

  Our orchard port has a special geographical position. The general secretary said that the "Belt and Road" construction has provided Chongqing with a bigger platform to "go global", and promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has provided Chongqing with an important carrier to better integrate into the central and eastern regions. Chongqing has great development potential and bright prospects. He also sent a message, "There is great hope here".

  The general secretary’s message brought greater encouragement to Orchard Port. Over the past year, the orchard port has been changing every day, and the speed of construction is also accelerating. I also grew up with the development of Orchard Port. I strengthened my determination to actively move closer to the party organization, submitted an application for joining the party, and participated in the training of the party organization.

On January 8, 2016, the 2015 National Science and Technology Awards Conference was held in Beijing. The supreme leader presented awards to the winners.

"The general secretary encouraged me to make persistent efforts."

  Xiang Libin(Vice President of China Academy of Sciences, shaking hands with the General Secretary in the picture): At 10: 00 am on January 8, 2016, with warm applause, I received the National Science and Technology Progress Award from the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader. The general secretary held my hand and said, "Make persistent efforts and make greater achievements." At that moment, I felt extremely glorious and proud, but also felt a heavy mission and great trust.

  Innovation is the first driving force for development. For more than 20 years, I have been mainly engaged in the research work in the field of space and optical remote sensing, and I have completed more than 30 scientific research tasks. The research results are widely used in economic and social development and national defense security construction. I have always insisted on innovation, led the team to fill the gaps in some fields in China, and promoted China’s spectral imaging remote sensing technology and space security related technologies to rank among the top in the world.

  Science and technology are the foundation of a strong country. As a young and middle-aged scientific and technological worker in China, I deeply appreciate the support and expectation of the motherland and people. I will continue to carry forward the spirit of seeking truth from facts and being brave in innovation, make my own contribution to accelerating the construction of an innovative country, and strive to make achievements worthy of the times.

On January 12, 2016, the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in communist party, China.

  Supreme Leader: The punishment of corruption must be firmly grasped, the sword hung high, and no restricted area, full coverage and zero tolerance should be adhered to.

"The general secretary explained some important ideas and viewpoints from heart to heart."

  Fan yaogeng(President of China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper): On the morning of January 12, 2016, I attended the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in Jingxi Hotel, and had the honor to listen to the important speech delivered by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary has delivered an important speech at the plenary session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection every year, which reflects the special attention paid to the comprehensive and strict administration of the party, the building of a clean and honest party style and the anti-corruption work. In his speech, the general secretary is reasonable, earnest and earnest; Talk about the problem, get to the point and get to the point; Tell history, quote classics and explain; Talking about measures is forceful and hit the floor. Deep thoughts, accurate analysis and firm attitude, calm tone and rich voice can be described as natural integration and complement each other. The general secretary explained some important thoughts and viewpoints from heart to heart, such as: there is no rest in fighting corruption and promoting honesty, and we must be unremitting and consistent; To create a political green mountain is to have a clear political ecology, and so on, incisive and impressive.

  Supreme Leader: Strive to build a military commission with iron general belief, iron general belief, iron general discipline and iron general responsibility, and contribute to the realization of the Chinese dream of strengthening the military.

  On February 1, 2016, the inaugural meeting of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Theater was held in Beijing Bayi Building. The supreme leader awarded military flags and issued instructions to the eastern theater, the southern theater, the western theater, the northern theater and the central theater.

  Supreme Leader: To build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must make the old revolutionary areas that have made important contributions to the birth of the People’s Republic develop better.

"The general secretary said that a poor family should not be left behind on the road to poverty alleviation."

  Peng shuisheng(Old Party Secretary of Shenshan Village, Mao Ping Township, Jinggangshan City, Jiangxi Province): On February 2, 2016, it happened to be a small year, with light sleet and cold weather. I heard that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader had come to our village, so I rushed to the village. The general secretary is in the village party branch, looking at the plan, books and records, while asking in detail. The general secretary is very happy to learn that gratifying changes have been taking place in the village over the years.

  In the home of poor household Zhang Chengde, the general secretary sat down and asked what was planted and raised at home, and what difficulties and needs were there. The hostess said that the general secretary has done a good job for the people of the whole country and the people feel very happy. The general secretary responded that our country is the people who are the masters of the country, and all leading cadres, including me, are people’s servants.

  In the village, every family is busy preparing new year’s goods. Everywhere the general secretary goes, he says hello to the villagers. He also sent last year’s goods to poor households and schoolbags to children. He told the villagers that on the road to poverty alleviation, we should not leave a poor family and a poor people behind. The sincere and enthusiastic words of the General Secretary warm our hearts.

On February 19, 2016, the top leader communicated with villagers in Chixi Village, Ningde City, Fujian Province through video in the studio of People’s Daily.

  Supreme Leader: The party’s news and public opinion work is an important work of the party, and it is a major event in governing the country and ensuring national security.

"The General Secretary is concerned about the people of Chixi Village"

  Hubo(People’s Daily People’s Daily reporter): On the morning of February 19, 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to the People’s Daily Studio to connect with the People’s Daily reporter through video and communicate with the villagers in Chixi Village, Ningde City, Fujian Province.

  Chixi village used to be a poor village, and it has achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation under the care and guidance of the general secretary for many years. In the video, the general secretary talked with Du Jiazhu, secretary of the village party branch, and Wang Shao, a retired cadre who has long been concerned about supporting poverty alleviation in Chixi Village. He said hello to the villagers and told them to protect the green mountains and green mountains and embark on a path of green development and ecological enrichment.

  After the 8-minute connection, I saw that Wang Shao, who was over 60 years old, was as excited as a child, feeling that the general secretary was still as friendly as before, and there was no difference at all.

  Seeing the joy of Chixi villagers receiving "reply" through online media, I realized what is the golden key to touching people’s hearts! What is the real grounding gas! Now, when I see the sign "People’s Daily" at work every day, I realize more and more the meaning and weight of the word "people"!

  Supreme leader: solidly promote ecological environmental protection, solidly promote poverty alleviation, and solidly promote the development of ethnic areas.

"The General Secretary has fulfilled his promise to the people’s representatives"

  He feng(Deputy to the National People’s Congress, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and President of Qinghai University for Nationalities): On the morning of March 10, 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the deliberation of the Qinghai delegation at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress. I was fortunate to present Hada to the General Secretary.

  On that day, the general secretary approached us and shook hands with us. Watching the news at night, I saw the brightest smile in my life, and I felt extremely happy around the general secretary!

  The general secretary listened to the deliberation speeches of the delegates and shook hands with each delegate again before leaving. He held my hand and asked about the production and life of our Tu people with concern, and said that he had been to my hometown. I said excitedly, "The people of all ethnic groups in Qinghai are looking forward to your visit to Qinghai. Please visit my hometown again." He repeatedly said, "Good, good." To my surprise, on August 23, he really came to Qinghai and even went to the home of the Tu people!

  The general secretary has fulfilled his promise to the people’s representatives, and he is also fulfilling his solemn promise of "realizing a well-off society in an all-round way, and no nation can be less"!

  Supreme Leader: Carry forward the spirit of planting trees by predecessors and enjoying the cool by future generations, plant a variety of trees, plant good trees and manage them well, make the mountains and rivers green and make the people’s living environment beautiful.

"Grandpa Xi planted trees with us"

  Zhang Wanqiu(Class 5, Grade 6, Xinghai School, Daxing District, Beijing): At about 9: 30 am on April 5, 2016, Grandpa, the supreme leader, came to the site for planting trees. He shook hands with my classmates and me kindly and said kindly, "Let’s plant trees together!" "

  As soon as we started, we picked up the shovel and bucket and followed Grandpa Xi to a white pine tree. Grandpa Xi waved a shovel to fill the soil into the tree pit, and also picked up a bucket to water the tree. Every process was done meticulously. Next, Grandpa Xi planted six more trees with us, including Ginkgo, Pinus bungeana, Acer truncatum, Prunus ulmoides and so on.

  Grandpa Xi told us to plant more trees and protect the environment. He kindly asked us about our recent study. Seeing that we were all wearing glasses, he told us that we must protect our eyes. I hope we can grow up healthily like these young trees and become pillars of the motherland.

  Grandpa Xi also said that it takes ten years to plant trees and a hundred years to cultivate people. Ten years later, 20 years later, you can come back to this place to see how the saplings you planted by yourself grow. This is a very meaningful thing.

On April 19, 2016, the Supreme Leader hosted a symposium on network security and informatization in Beijing and delivered an important speech.

  Supreme Leader: In order to achieve our goal, concentric circles should be formed online and offline.

"It is the general secretary’s earnest expectation for network letter workers to gather together and become a civilized person."

  Xie Xinzhou(President of Peking University New Media Research Institute): On April 19th, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader hosted a symposium on network security and informatization in Beijing and delivered an important speech. As an educator engaged in network research, being able to experience this historic conference has become the most precious memory left for me and my team in 2016. In my speech, I talked about the importance of "drawing concentric circles", which was discussed by the general secretary in face-to-face communication. He emphasized that the media at all levels should draw concentric circles well under the leadership of the party and carry out their work under the leadership of the party. The majority of party and government cadres should also take the initiative to touch the net, do not evade problems, do not cover up contradictions, stand firm with an open and inclusive attitude, become civilized people, and hold the center position of concentric circles. It is the general secretary’s ardent expectation for network letter workers to gather together and become a civilized person. In the future work, we hope to find a breakthrough in the ecological governance of complex networks from the "construction of trusted cyberspace" and build an Internet governance dialogue platform with multi-party participation and concerted action. Only in this way can the Internet benefit the country and people better.

On April 25, 2016, the Supreme Leader visited Yan Jinchang, the leader of the year, in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province.

  Supreme Leader: The earth-shaking changes in Xiaogang Village are a microcosm of China’s reform and opening up.

"The general secretary hopes that our farmhouse will be better and better."

  Yan Jinchang(Villagers in Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province): On April 25, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Xiaogang Village and came to my farmhouse. He recognized me at a glance. He said with a smile, we have met, and you are a member of the "Report Group on Comrade Shen Hao’s Advanced Deeds". When talking about the future development path of Xiaogang village, I said to the general secretary, "You put forward the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and Xiaogang village also has Xiaogang dream." The general secretary was very happy and said, "When these little dreams are gathered together, they can become a big dream." Before leaving, the general secretary said to our family: "farmhouse music, happy farmhouse music." I wish your Jinchang restaurant farmhouse better and better! "

  Our all-in-one responsibility spirit is to dare to think and do. Nowadays, the business of farmhouse is getting better and better. I plan to expand a four-story building and build a consumption center integrating catering, accommodation, entertainment and leisure, so as to truly make farmhouse bigger and better. I believe that with the joint efforts of all the villagers, Xiaogang Village will surely become a beautiful new Xiaogang with economic prosperity, social harmony, beautiful environment and villagers’ happiness.

On May 17, 2016, the Supreme Leader hosted a symposium on philosophy and social sciences in Beijing and delivered an important speech.

  Supreme Leader: All philosophical and social science workers with ideals and ambitions should set the trend of the times, learn from the changes of the past and the present, and be the first voice of their thoughts, actively make statements and suggestions for the party and the people, and shoulder the glorious mission entrusted by history.

"Keep in mind the requirements of the General Secretary for philosophical and social scientists"

  Shen Zhuanghai(Professor, School of Marxism, Wuhan University): On May 17, 2016, a symposium on philosophy and social science work was held in Beijing. As a young scholar, I feel very honored to attend the meeting and speak. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader listened carefully to everyone’s speeches and interacted with us on relevant topics from time to time. He said that many of your speeches were insightful and heartfelt, and they were very inspired. Subsequently, the General Secretary delivered an important speech. This speech profoundly answered a series of important questions such as the fundamental symbol, essential characteristics and construction path of China’s philosophy and social sciences with characteristics, and established a program of action to guide the prosperity and development of China’s philosophy and social sciences with characteristics at a new historical starting point. Every worker of philosophy and social sciences should keep in mind the requirement of "setting the tide of the times, connecting the changes of the past and the present, and being the first voice of ideas" put forward by the General Secretary, always adhere to the guidance of Marxism, set up the ideal of learning for the people, focus on the major issues facing contemporary China and the contemporary world, make persistent efforts for a long time, and strive to produce their own subjective and original achievements.

On May 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader had a cordial conversation with his family and neighbors at Liu Yangshun’s home, a forest farm worker of Xishui Management Office of Shangganling Forestry Bureau in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province.

  Supreme Leader: The economic transformation and development of forest areas will face some temporary difficulties, and the Party committee and government will certainly care about it, so that everyone can live a better life, and everyone should be self-reliant and find new ways.

"The general secretary saw the dishes in our pot."

  Liu yangshun(Staff of Xishui Management Office of Shangganling Forestry Bureau, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, the first on the right hand side of the general secretary in the picture): At 4 o’clock in the afternoon on May 23, 2016, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and his party came to our house. He took our old couple’s hands into the yard, and when they walked, they did not forget to tell the people accompanying them: "Don’t step on the yard, the seedlings are all out." When the general secretary entered the kitchen, his wife lifted the lid and said, "General secretary, let me show you the dinner prepared by my family." Braised fish, stewed beans and pasted cakes, the general secretary looked at them and said with a smile, "It looks delicious." At this time, the yard was full of neighbors who heard the news, and the general secretary chatted with everyone sitting on the bench in front of the wooden table in the yard. He talked about the employment and entrepreneurship of employees from our income problem. Finally, the general secretary said, I am very happy to see that you have found some outlets for production and life. The CPC Central Committee has always cared about everyone, the policies of the party and the government will be consistent, and everyone will have to rely on their own efforts to find new ways to rejuvenate Yichun old forest area. Although the forest area has stopped cutting, we must not "look at the forest and sigh", but strive to find ways to start a business, seek benefits from green mountains and green mountains, and walk out of a new path of transformation and development in our forest area.

On July 1, 2016, the conference to celebrate the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in Beijing. The Supreme Leader delivered an important speech and presented awards to outstanding Communist party member, outstanding party workers and representatives of advanced grass-roots party organizations.

  Supreme Leader: Facing the future and facing challenges, all party comrades must not forget their initial intentions and move on.

"The general secretary kindly called out my name."

  jian liqun(Director, Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University): On July 1, 2016, the conference to celebrate the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held in the Great Hall of the People. I was fortunate to receive the award as the representative of the outstanding Communist Party of China, party member, but I never thought that it was the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader who gave me the award.

  When receiving the award, the general secretary called out my name and told me to make persistent efforts. I was so excited and nervous that I didn’t have time to say a few more words to the general secretary. In fact, I want to say that this honor belongs not only to me personally, but also to Beijing Children’s Hospital and all medical workers. We will not live up to the expectations of the country and the people. At the meeting, the general secretary encouraged all party comrades not to forget their initial intentions and move on. As a communist party member, an ordinary doctor, the dream of the families of thousands of children in Qian Qian is also my biggest dream: that is to make the children better, grow better and live better. For this dream, for the doctor’s initial heart, I think all persistence and dedication are worthwhile.

On July 18th, 2016, the Supreme Leader had a cordial conversation with his family and villagers’ representatives at Mark Jun’s home in Yangling Village, Dawan Township, Jingyuan County, Guyuan City, Ningxia.

  Supreme Leader: Good days are obtained through hard work. Developing industry is the fundamental strategy to get rid of poverty.

"The general secretary took my hand and called me bro."

  Makjun(Villager in Yangling Village, Dawan Township, Jingyuan County, Guyuan City, Ningxia, shaking hands with the General Secretary in the picture): I used to see the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on TV. I didn’t expect to communicate with him face to face one day. On July 18, 2016, the arrival of the General Secretary made our family very lively. He first came to the cowshed in the corner of the yard. At that time, five cows were raised at home. The general secretary asked me how much it cost to build a cowshed and raise cattle, how much the state subsidized, and how much a cow could earn. When I came to the house, the general secretary sat on the kang of my house, took my hand and said, "You are younger than me, and you are my brother. I am very happy to see that the life of you and the villagers is getting better and better. " The scene always excites me when I recall it. The general secretary said that this was his third visit to Guyuan. This time, he learned that the village had solved the drinking water problem, the living conditions such as housing had improved significantly, and he began to find a way to get rid of poverty in the industry. He was very pleased. Before leaving, the general secretary asked me, "Do you have confidence in getting rid of poverty in the future?" I replied: "Now the party’s policy is so good, as long as people are diligent, they will definitely get rich, and I have confidence in getting rid of poverty!"

  Supreme Leader: Each of us should cherish life, pursue health, and strive to create a wonderful life worthy of the times.

"General Secretary came to Tangshan to visit our paraplegic wounded"

  Li guomin(The paraplegic wounded in Tangshan paraplegic sanatorium, Hebei Province, shaking hands with the general secretary in the picture): I am 60 years old. I used to work in No.8 Farm in Tang Haixian (now caofeidian area), Tangshan City. I was paraplegic in 1976 due to the earthquake.

  At 10 am on July 28th, 2016, I was doing rehabilitation training with three other paraplegic patients in the rehabilitation room. Just then, the Supreme Leader General Secretary came to the recovery room with a smile on his face. He said, "I want to shake hands with everyone here." The general secretary shook hands while chatting with us like a family member and asked us in detail where we were injured at that time. How long was the treatment? Is there any other discomfort in your body now? Who are there in the family? Do family members often come to visit? How is life now? What does this exercise do? Care for us is really meticulous.

  After leaving the rehabilitation room, the general secretary visited everyone in the reading room, the patient convalescent room and the activity room.

  The arrival of the general secretary made us very excited and very proud and happy. We will continue to live an optimistic life and continue the miracle of life in the "mother’s home" of paraplegic sanatorium.

On July 29, 2016, the ceremony of the promotion of the rank of general by the Central Military Commission was held in Beijing Bayi Building. The supreme leader issued a writ to the officer who was promoted to the rank of general.

On August 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader inspected the ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation at the construction site of Banyan Village, Fifty Town, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province.

  Supreme Leader: Resettlement is an effective way to get rid of poverty. Migrant relocation should fully solicit the opinions of farmers and let them participate in the planning of new villages.

"The villagers are very sad that they didn’t present a Hada to the general secretary and propose a glass of highland barley wine."

  Lv Zhiwu(Villagers in Banyan New Village, Fifty Town, Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Haidong City, Qinghai Province, the third from the left in the front row): More than 100 families in Banyan Village are scattered in the slope of Shanlianggou, drinking cellar water for a long time, and the crops have been dry for ten years. Since the implementation of precision poverty alleviation, a new poverty alleviation village has been built.

  On the morning of August 23, it was raining lightly. The Supreme Leader General Secretary wore rain boots and stepped on the dirt road to visit our new village under construction. I am very honored to accompany you all the way. While walking, the general secretary asked me about the crop harvest this year and the annual income and expenditure. Walking into my new courtyard, the general secretary said happily that the water, electricity and communication in the new village are convenient, and I hope the villagers will live a better life.

  The general secretary is also very concerned about our plan to get rid of poverty and get rich after moving, and encourages us to stand on our own feet and get rid of poverty as soon as possible. Regrettably, we didn’t present a Hada to the General Secretary or a glass of highland barley wine, but greeted the General Secretary empty-handed, and the villagers felt very sad.

On August 25th, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with all members of the China sports delegation in the 31st Olympic Games.

  Supreme Leader: The performance of Chinese athletes at the Rio Olympic Games showed strong positive energy and the spirit of "how many times can life have".

"The general secretary said: ‘ Comrade Lang Ping, congratulations ’ "

  Jane Lang(At that time, the head coach of the national women’s volleyball team): In late August 2016, we just won the championship at the Rio Olympic Games and returned to Beijing, when we received the notice that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader would meet the China Olympic delegation in the Great Hall of the People on the 25th. For all the coaches and athletes of the delegation, this is the greatest affirmation and encouragement, and it also reflects the attention and concern of the party and the state for sports undertakings and sportsmen in China. Many of us are excited and nervous when we meet the general secretary for the first time. On the way, I also remembered that Comrade Xi Zhongxun, the father of the General Secretary, visited the China Women’s Volleyball Team at Zhangzhou Training Base in Fujian more than 20 years ago, and asked about our training competition with special concern. How many years have passed … … When I met the general secretary, I said "Good Chief" and the general secretary said: "Comrade Lang Ping, congratulations!" Later, in his speech, he also specifically mentioned the China Women’s Volleyball Team, praising us for not giving up our efforts in such a difficult situation, fighting hard and playing Chinese’s ambition! We are greatly encouraged by the encouragement of the General Secretary. China Women’s Volleyball Team will certainly continue to inherit and carry forward the tenacious struggle and enterprising spirit of the old women’s volleyball team. Do not forget your initiative mind will continue to work hard and live up to the high expectations of the General Secretary and the people of the whole country.

  Supreme Leader: I hope that students will keep and develop their football hobbies, and feel the collective strength, experience the fun of sports and strengthen their physical fitness in football.

"Grandpa Xi watched us dribble."

  Zhang Dongliang(Class 2, Grade 6, Beijing Bayi School): On the morning of September 9, 2016, we were having a football class on the playground. Suddenly, a tall and familiar figure appeared in front of us, and when we looked intently, it was the Supreme Leader Grandpa! We excitedly ran to Grandpa Xi and immediately surrounded Grandpa Xi. Grandpa Xi patted us on the shoulder happily and asked about our football training. He was very kind. We slowly relaxed our nervous mood and unambiguously showed Grandpa Xi the basic skills of football — — Vertex ball

  习爷爷笑着对大家说,50多年前我就在这个地方踢过球,那时候还是土场子。我们的球队在北京市比赛中拿过冠军,在全国比赛得了第4名。

  习爷爷还与我们合了影,他希望八一学校足球队将来出一批足球人才。习爷爷鼓励我们要努力,要有不服输的精神。每当我要放弃的时候,习爷爷的话就萦绕在我的耳边,时刻激励着我。奋斗吧!少年,为中华崛起!

“总书记和我们一起向人民英雄致敬”

  谢均岩(中国矿业大学[北京]教师):2016年9月30日上午,烈士纪念日向人民英雄敬献花篮仪式在北京天安门广场隆重举行。我校46名师生代表参加了仪式。

  人民英雄纪念碑北侧花坛上,红白两色花朵组成的花环,寄托着人们对英烈的无限哀思。最高领袖总书记等党和国家领导人登上纪念碑基座,在花篮前深情驻足凝视。之后,总书记走上前,仔细整理花篮缎带。接着,缓步绕行,瞻仰人民英雄纪念碑。

  In the solemn ceremony, the representatives of teachers and students in our school were listed in the first phalanx, holding pale yellow chrysanthemums and silently expressing their admiration to the people’s heroes. When I followed the footsteps of the General Secretary and paid tribute to the Monument to the People’s Heroes, I saw countless scenes of revolutionary ancestors fighting bloody battles, knowing that a happy and peaceful life is hard-won. We should inherit the legacy of the martyrs and make unremitting efforts to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

On October 21, 2016, the conference to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army’s Long March was held in Beijing. The supreme leader delivered an important speech at the conference.

  Supreme Leader: Carry forward the spirit of the Great Long March and take the road of today’s Long March.

"Listening to the general secretary’s speech on the Long March, my eyes filled with tears."

  Wang Dingguo(104-year-old Red Army, Mrs. Xie Juezai): On the morning of October 21st, 2016, a conference was held in the Great Hall of the People to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army’s Long March. Early in the morning, I asked someone to help me get dressed and put on my favorite Red Army hat and the commemorative medallion for the 80th anniversary of the Long March victory.

  At 10 o’clock, the speech of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader began. I was so excited that tears filled my eyes. When the general secretary proposed that "all of us stand up in silence for the revolutionary martyrs who died heroically on the way to the Long March and in the revolutionary struggles in various places", although the staff had told me in advance that I didn’t have to stand up, I still asked people to stand in silence with help.

  When the general secretary said, "The Long March is long in duration, large in scale, long in journey, sinister in environment and fierce in fighting … …” I can’t help being immersed in deep memories.

  "The Long March is always on the road. A nation that doesn’t remember its route is a nation with no way out … …” After the general secretary’s speech, I still applauded hard for a long time. (Wang Dingguo’s son Xie Yaxu finishing)

From October 24 to 27, 2016, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of communist party, China was held in Beijing. The supreme leader made an important speech.

  Supreme Leader: The key to China’s success lies in the Party, and the key lies in the Party’s management and strict administration of the Party.

"The general secretary’s demand for strict administration of the party is the hope of the people and the aspiration of the party."

  Ye Xiaowen(Former Party Secretary of the Central Institute of Socialism): Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way is the distinctive theme of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee. As a participant, I deeply feel: Why can things in China be done well? Because the people always support the leadership of the party, and the party strictly manages the party for the people. With the political courage of self-revolution, we should try our best to solve the outstanding problems of our own existence, overcome all the problems that affect the creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the party, thoroughly treat all the diseases that damage the advanced nature and purity of the party, and resolutely eliminate all the cancers that breed on the healthy body of the party.

  The plenary session deliberated and adopted "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation" and "Regulations on Inner-Party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC)". Orders are forbidden, and words are followed. Seriously, there are marks on the iron.

  People’s expectations: The key to China’s success lies in the Party. The party’s aspiration: it is necessary to be hard to strike the iron and strictly manage the party.

  Supreme Leader: It is the common will of all Chinese people to ensure the integrity of the country and safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.

"The general secretary said that it is necessary to ensure the integrity of the country and not be divided."

  Chen jianxing(Xinhua News Agency): On November 1, 2016, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader met with a delegation from the Kuomintang of China led by President Hong Xiuzhu in Beijing.

  I participated in the report of this meeting, and the general secretary put forward six opinions on the development of cross-strait relations. He emphasized that the two sides of the strait are a community of destiny that is constantly giving up. Adhering to the political foundation of the "1992 Consensus" which embodies the one-China principle, maintaining peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and maintaining the peaceful development of cross-strait relations are the mainstream public opinion of compatriots on both sides of the strait. It is the common will of all Chinese people to ensure the integrity of the country and safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. It is an irresistible historical trend to realize national rejuvenation and create a prosperous China.

  The general secretary’s speech put forward important ideas to promote the development of cross-strait relations at present and in the future, answered questions that compatriots on both sides of the strait are generally concerned about, played an important guiding role in promoting the development of cross-strait relations under the new situation, and produced positive and enthusiastic responses among compatriots from all walks of life on both sides of the strait.

On November 7, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with all the representatives of the 9th Council of the All-China Journalists Association and the winners of the China Prize for Journalism and the Taofen Prize for the Yangtze River in Beijing.

  Supreme Leader: Be a journalist trusted by the Party and the people.

"I saw the concern, sincerity and respect in the eyes of the general secretary."

  Guan Bin(Winner of Taofen Award in Yangtze River, senior reporter of Economic Daily): At 8: 00 am on November 7, 2016, I took a bus with everyone to the Golden Hall on the third floor of the Great Hall of the People. All the representatives of the 9th Council of the All-China Journalists Association and the winners of China Prize for Journalism and Taofen Award in Yangtze River lined up in a photo queue.

  At 9: 30, I saw the Supreme Leader General Secretary coming to us with a smile, wearing a black suit, a white jacket and a red tie. He shook hands from the left to the right of the queue in turn, and warm applause surged like a flood, turning the golden hall into a sea of joy and happiness.

  When the general secretary’s generous hand shook mine, a force like "how the Yellow River’s waters move out of heaven" ran through my heart. When I looked at the general secretary, I saw the concern, sincerity and respect in his eyes.

  After taking a group photo, the general secretary delivered an important speech. I am deeply moved and encouraged, and I will never forget it in this life.

On November 9, 2016, the Supreme Leader came to the China Manned Space Engineering Command Center and had a cordial conversation with Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, astronauts of Shenzhou XI, who were on a mission in Tiangong-2.

  Supreme Leader: We are very happy to see that you are in good condition.

"President Xi said: ‘ Your birthday is in the sky, which is a high-level birthday ’ "

  Jing Haipeng(Deputy Military Astronaut of the Astronaut Brigade of China People’s Liberation Army): On the afternoon of November 9, 2016, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader came to the China Manned Space Engineering Command Center and had a cordial conversation with two astronauts, Chen Dong and I, who were on a mission at Tiangong-2. President Xi’s words are very warm: "We are very happy to see you in good condition."

  At 10 o’clock on the morning of December 20th, President Xi met with our Shenzhou XI flight crew and participants. He took my hand kindly and asked, how is your physical recovery? I thought it was just a short conversation. I didn’t expect President Xi to hold my hand all the time and say with a smile, "I heard that your birthday was in the sky. It’s a high-level birthday." President Xi is busy, and I still remember my birthday. I am very moved and very happy. President Xi went on to say, "You went to space three times, and it was the general who went to space." I replied excitedly: "Thank you for your concern and the cultivation of the Party." President Xi told me: "Haipeng, I hope you will continue to work hard and make new contributions."

On November 15, 2016, the top leader voted in the election of deputies to the District People’s Congress at Huairentang polling station in Zhongnanhai constituency, Xicheng District, Beijing.

  Supreme Leader: The election work should adhere to the party’s leadership, persist in promoting democracy, act in strict accordance with the law, and protect the people’s right to vote and stand for election.

"I witnessed the general secretary cast a solemn vote as an ordinary voter."

  Tian Jude(Secretary of the Working Committee of West Chang ‘an Street, Xicheng District, Beijing): November 15, 2016 is a day that I will never forget. As a grass-roots staff member, I have the honor to witness the Supreme Leader General Secretary cast a solemn vote as an ordinary voter in the general election of people’s congresses in Beijing. Later, the general secretary also shook hands and talked with us cordially, and asked with concern about the development of the election work, the protection of the style and features of Wenbao District, and urban management in Xicheng District. In the meantime, the general secretary also deeply recalled the unforgettable years when he lived in the old Gulou area of Beijing in his youth, and asked with concern about the improvement of people’s livelihood problems such as the difficulty in buying food and parking in the bungalow area there, and earnestly told us to do our best to make people’s lives more convenient. The general secretary took time out of his busy schedule to take the lead in grassroots democratic elections, and chatted with us kindly. He was very concerned about the safety and well-being of the masses and deeply concerned about the frontline work at the grassroots level. This warm scene has been deeply fixed in my heart.

On November 30th, 2016, the 10th National Congress of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the 9th National Congress of Chinese Writers Association opened in Beijing. The supreme leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech.

  Supreme Leader: Strive to build a literary peak in the era of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

"Keep in mind the entrustment of the General Secretary and tell the story of China to the world."

  Yu Kuizhi(Famous Peking Opera Performing Artist): On the morning of November 30, 2016, as a literary and art worker, I listened to the important speech of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.

  Wen Yun is linked with the national movement, and the context is linked with the national context. The general secretary stressed that the vast number of literary and art workers should adhere to creative transformation and innovative development, hold high the torch of national spirit, blow the horn of the times, and produce more excellent works that reflect the voice of the times, show the people’s struggle, inspire the national spirit and cultivate noble sentiments, and strive to build a literary peak in the era of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

  The general secretary’s words made me deeply feel the mission and responsibility. The general secretary cares about Beijing opera and has watched Beijing opera performances many times. The General Secretary has earnestly entrusted that Peking Opera is the quintessence of China and should tell the story of China well to the world. In order to achieve this goal, in addition to our own tireless exploration of Beijing opera art, we should also pay attention to strengthening publicity and expanding the influence of Beijing opera. At the invitation of Canada, I will appear on the stage of "Happy Chinese New Year Overseas Spring Festival Gala" on Canadian national television in the Spring Festival of 2017 to spread the splendid Chinese culture and let the world know more about China.

The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting.

Review and standardize the relevant treatment of party and state leaders and other documents

  On November 30, 2016, a meeting was held in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, at which documents regulating the treatment of party and state leaders, Regulations on Working Organs in the Communist Party of China (CPC) (Trial) and Several Provisions on Democratic Life Meeting of Leading Cadres of Party and State Organs in party member at or above the county level were reviewed and approved. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the meeting.

  The meeting held that the treatment of office space, housing, car use, transportation, staffing, vacation and rest for party and state leaders should be further stipulated, and it was clearly stated that the office space should be vacated in time when the party and state leaders retired; Can not be equipped with vehicles exceeding the standard, take vehicles exceeding the standard, and go out without pomp to minimize the impact on people’s production and life; According to the regulations, staff should be equipped and education management should be strengthened, and relatives and staff around them should be strictly restrained; Reduce the rest time for vacations in other places and implement a strict approval system. These regulations adhere to strict requirements, unify norms and strengthen constraints in accordance with the principle of "ensuring the needs of work and giving appropriate treatment at a low level", which is an important measure to implement the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, an expansion and deepening of the eight central regulations, and is of great significance to strengthening the party’s work style. It fully embodies that the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core insists on setting an example and taking the lead in setting an example, and has an important demonstration and leading role for the whole party.

On December 7-8, 2016, the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities was held in Beijing. The supreme leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech.

  Supreme Leader: Ideological and political work in colleges and universities is related to the fundamental problem of what kind of people colleges and universities train, how to train them and for whom.

"Listening to the inculcation of the General Secretary makes me feel warm, confident and motivated."

  Jiang yuyuan(Deputy Director of Organization Department of Northeastern University Party Committee): December 7, 2016 is a day that I will never forget. On this day, the CPC Central Committee held a national conference on ideological and political work in colleges and universities in Beijing. The Supreme Leader General Secretary made clear requirements for strengthening and improving ideological and political work in colleges and universities under the new situation and made major arrangements. The scene where the general secretary was with us that day still haunts my mind.

  There is nothing more touching than affection. At this landmark meeting, the general secretary spent three hours, combining his own growth and work experience, and exchanging the ideological and political work in colleges and universities with the delegates in an affectionate and simple way, as usual. The general secretary is handy and eloquent about the law and development direction of ideological and political work in colleges and universities, which fully reflects the general secretary’s attention and familiarity with the work in colleges and universities. Warm applause broke out many times at the meeting. As a grass-roots party worker in colleges and universities, I was able to listen to the inculcation of the general secretary on the spot, which made me feel warm, confident and motivated.

  Supreme Leader: We should attach importance to the construction of family civilization, and strive to make thousands of families in Qian Qian an important starting point for national development, national progress and social harmony, and a place where people dream of sailing.

"I want to be the leader of creating a civilized family and let the general secretary rest assured."

  Wang laxu(Winner of the first "National Civilized Family" and Director of Xingdong Mine Production Department of Hebei Jizhong Energy Co., Ltd.): As a representative of the national civilized family, I was received by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader. The first time I had the opportunity to shake hands with the general secretary, I was particularly excited.

  Building a civilized family is what every citizen should do, but the party has given me such a great honor. The deeds of other representatives attending the meeting also moved me to tears, and each of their families had touching stories. Professor Li Baoguo has been fighting with farmers in the front line of poverty alleviation through science and technology for more than 30 years, and his whole family fully supports him. Their family is an example for me to learn. Some heroes have won prizes, but they can never see their medals … … Compared with them, I feel that I have done nothing. Taking part in this activity, I received a spiritual baptism.

  I found the direction from the general secretary’s high evaluation and ardent expectation of civilized families. When I go back, I will definitely be the leader in creating a civilized family. With more civilized families in the country, the country will be stable, which will reassure the general secretary.

On December 20, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with the astronauts of Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou-11 manned missions and representatives of the participants.

  Supreme Leader: I hope that the vast number of astronauts will bravely climb the peak and keep moving forward on the journey of space development, and make contributions to building a space power and a world science and technology power.

"Keep in mind President Xi’s entrustment and contribute to the realization of the dream of a powerful country."

  Zhao pisheng(Associate Research Fellow, Environmental Control and Life Insurance Research Office, China Astronaut Research and Training Center): On the morning of December 20th, 2016, I was cordially received by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader in the Great Hall of the People as a representative of the technical cadres of Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou-11 manned missions. Although I have been engaged in manned space flight for 20 years, I am very excited and proud to participate in such activities for the first time.

  At 10 o’clock in the morning, accompanied by warm applause, President Xi walked slowly towards us. I applauded warmly with everyone, staring at President Xi, watching President Xi and the representatives in the front row shake hands and have a cordial conversation. At that moment, there was only one thought in my heart, that is, I kept reminding myself that I must stand up straight and show my best image to President Xi, so that President Xi could rest assured of our space team. After taking a group photo with everyone, President Xi delivered an important speech. After listening to President Xi’s speech, I deeply feel that the mission of manned spaceflight I am engaged in is great and glorious. In the future, I must bear in mind President Xi’s entrustment, make persistent efforts and make unremitting efforts to contribute to the journey of realizing the dream of becoming a powerful country.

On December 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader met with Leung Chun-ying, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, who was in Beijing on duty.

  The Supreme Leader said that on major issues such as curbing "Hong Kong independence" and handling street violence in accordance with the law, the Basic Law, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s interpretation of the Basic Law and the laws of the Special Administrative Region were strictly followed, thus safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and maintaining Hong Kong’s economic development and social stability. The Supreme Leader asked the Chief Executive to convey his and the Central Government’s New Year greetings to the people of Hong Kong.

On December 23, 2016, the Supreme Leader met in Zhongnanhai with Chui Sai On, Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, who came to Beijing to report on his work.

  The Supreme Leader hopes that the Chief Executive and the SAR Government will unite and lead all sectors of society to inherit and carry forward the tradition of loving the country and Macao, and persist in planning and carrying out their work from the overall situation of national strategy and the overall prosperity and stability of Macao; Insist on developing the economy and improving people’s livelihood in the first place; Adhere to effective administration according to law and make Macao more beautiful, better and more prosperous. The Supreme Leader asked the Chief Executive to convey his and the Central Government’s New Year greetings to the people of Macao.

How terrible is the explosion of ammonium nitrate? A cargo ship full of fertilizer blew up thousands of buildings.

Original SME SME technology story

Chemical plant explosions have occurred frequently at home and abroad, which is frightening.

One to two, people have a fear of dangerous chemicals.

But life is always inseparable from chemistry, and even the fertilizer used in the cultivation of essential grain may be explosive and dangerous goods. Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used agricultural fertilizer, but it is also the "culprit" that caused the worst industrial disaster in American history.

Smoke billowing from the explosion in the worst industrial disaster in American history.

This chemical with the word "nitrate" as the head is always disturbing.

Perhaps it is because they are often known together with explosions. For example, trinitrotoluene, the main component of TNT explosives, is made by nitration of toluene.

The great power of TNT has long been recognized. A Grenade thrown on the battlefield killed and injured a large area only contains 50 grams of TNT, and 14 kilograms of TNT can destroy a football field.

As early as the mid-19th century, Swedish engineers applied for a patent to support mixed explosives with ammonium nitrate and other combustion improvers.

Ammonium nitrate has since become a widely used raw material for industrial explosives.

A quarter pound TNT Grenade

Although ammonium nitrate can be used as an explosive, pure ammonium nitrate without combustion improver is actually the most difficult nitric explosive to detonate.

It does not burn by itself at room temperature, and ammonium nitrate is extremely insensitive to impact.

The experimental study shows that the 50kg hammer falls on solid ammonium nitrate from a height of 50cm, and its explosion probability is 0;

Compared with the famous explosive nitroglycerin, a 200g hammer can be detonated 100% when it falls from a height of 20cm.

At the same time, ammonium nitrate has a high nitrogen concentration and stable performance, so people often use it as a nitrogen-containing fertilizer.

Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly helpful to improve the yield and quality of crops.

As everyone knows, ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which made people relax their vigilance, triggered a sudden compound disaster of land, sea and air.

Ammonium nitrate fertilizer

After World War II, although the United States won the war, most areas fell into the post-war economic depression.

However, the southern city of Texas is a different story.

This coastal city is busy day and night, with chemical plants and oil refineries running nonstop, and there are endless cargo ships in the port.

At that time, Texas was praised as a "port of opportunity" by major American media and newspapers, and it was the core of industrial development in the South.

This prosperity made the whole country envy, but soon, the prosperous industrial development also brewed a small Mars that destroyed everything.

By 1947, about 2,500 ships visited the ports in Texas every year, and even Monsanto opened a chemical plant in the town.

On April 16th, the wharf began to operate before dawn as usual, but it was a special day recorded in American industrial history.

There is a cargo ship, the Grand Camp, moored beside the port. This French cargo ship has been staying for five days.

The ship is loaded with some oilfield equipment, drill pipes, hemp ropes and weapons and ammunition shipped from Belgium.

And its main "passenger" is actually 2300 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

At 8 o’clock in the morning, the crew was carrying the few remaining bags of ammonium nitrate into the cabin, when a smell of smoke caught their attention.

They looked intently and saw that the smoke seemed to be coming from the No.4 cabin where fertilizer was piled up.

Perhaps some ignorant crew member or docker ignored the no-smoking sign and smoked on the ship, which caused the fire.

The fire quickly spread to the deck and hull surface, and the smoke became bigger and bigger.

The crew quickly picked up fire extinguishers and fire pipes to put out the fire, and more than 20 firefighters arrived in time.

Seeing that the fire did not decrease, it became more and more intense, and the crew came up with another fire extinguishing method.

Rescuers stopped using water to put out the fire, but sealed the warehouse with slats and covered it with tarpaulins;

Then the high-temperature steam is introduced into the cabin, and it is intended to squeeze out the oxygen in the cabin in this form.

In this way, without one of the three elements of combustion, combustion can not continue.

This method was a common fire fighting method for cargo ships at that time, and the captain also mixed selfishness in it-reducing the loss caused by the wet goods.

* Note: Material combustion requires three elements: combustion improver, combustible and temperature reaching the ignition point. Among them, oxygen is the most common combustion promoter.

People never expected that this method was really good, but it was equivalent to adding fuel to the fire for the cargo ship transporting ammonium nitrate.

More terrible than the fire of ammonium nitrate is the explosion.

Although ammonium nitrate is resistant to impact, it is very fragile in the face of high temperature.

When the temperature reaches about 165℃ or comes into contact with an open flame, solid ammonium nitrate will rapidly decompose to produce nitrous oxide and water vapor.

Nitrous oxide will also be converted into oxygen at high temperature, and the gas that rescuers tried their best to remove reappeared.

At this time, the reaction brewing in the air is not just as simple as burning.

The high temperature and high pressure environment created by firefighters made the warehouse a closed container to accelerate the explosion reaction.

People didn’t know anything about it at that time, only to find that even with powerful rescue forces, the fire was still too big to control.

At 8: 30, the captain ordered to abandon the Grand Camp and bear the loss of all the goods.

However, he was only distressed to lose a ship and cargo, but he didn’t expect the fire to turn into a bigger disaster.

At 9: 12, a loud bang from the port made almost the whole city tremble.

A fireball went straight into the sky and turned the sky red. Thick smoke soared to an altitude of 610 meters and spread everywhere. Part of the hull melted into pieces and jetted out of the dock.

Two planes accidentally flew over at this time and were directly destroyed and fell.

The explosion near the wharf caused the 160km water body in Fiona Fang to be choppy, which triggered a tsunami, and set off waves as high as 4.5m, hitting the land.

Even Houston, 40 kilometers north of Texas, felt a violent vibration, and the window glass of some houses was directly shattered.

This has become a major disaster facing the sea, land and air in all directions.

In the sudden explosion, none of the first firefighters who entered the rescue survived.

Nearby residents took refuge at home with trepidation, but they still could not escape the surging tsunami.

The fire that continues the explosion is still going on, which makes people afraid to get close.

The busy Texas dock is not a harbor of the Grand Camp, but dense cargo ships and chemical plants and refineries along the coast have become another hidden danger.

Just 15 hours after the explosion, people have not recovered from it, and the second explosion happened.

A large number of chemical plants and refineries are densely distributed.

On the coast 200 meters away from the Grand Camp, there is also a cargo ship named Success.

This cargo ship also contains nearly 1000 tons of ammonium nitrate and 180 tons of sulfur.

The explosion and fire extended to the USS Success, bringing a second thrilling explosion.

The explosion triggered a series of chain reactions, and nearby freighters and factories exploded one after another.

Successive disasters eventually killed 581 people and injured more than 3,500 people. At that time, more than a quarter of the population in Texas was killed or injured in the disaster.

Thousands of residential buildings and commercial buildings were destroyed by the tsunami, and 1,100 docks were damaged.

At that time, the prosperous capital and industrial city of Texas lost about $100 million (equivalent to more than $1 billion now).

This is the worst disaster in American industrial history, and the reasons behind it are complicated and strange.

First of all, there was a small fire in the cabin for reasons that have not been clear so far.

Then rescuers used self-defeating fire fighting methods, which eventually aggravated the explosion.

At the same time, the government regulatory agencies themselves have many loopholes.

In the era of post-war economic recovery, the industrial process has become the most important thing beyond laws and policies, and managers can only ignore the interests.

After the accident, a large-scale funeral was held for the unidentified victims.

At that time, there were about 6,000 fertilizer chemical plants in the United States, but most of them did not report the storage of ammonium nitrate in the Department of Homeland Security, although the inventory was as high as 1,300 times that of the mandatory review.

It is conceivable that the industrial intensive Texas was equivalent to hiding countless stealth bombs at that time, just waiting for an opportunity to detonate.

Once detonated, it will lead to irreparable loss of life and property.

Only in this way can the federal government face up to the audit and supervision of chemical plants and dangerous chemicals.

The government has drawn up new standards and improved the management and transportation system of dangerous chemicals. Enterprises have also established an industrial mutual aid system, and agreed to join hands in the event of danger.

This appalling Texas explosion has become history, and the United States has entered a new era of strict industrial management.

Afterwards, major media rushed to report the accident.

But no matter what era the strict system is put in, there will always be people who exploit loopholes.

Dangerous chemicals such as ammonium nitrate are never kind to those who neglect them.

In 2013, also in Texas, another chemical fertilizer factory exploded.

However, this time, it was no longer because of people’s ignorance that the mistake was made, but the chemical fertilizer plant built a non-compliant ammonia storage tank privately.

Up to 24 tons of anhydrous ammonia accidentally triggered an explosion, killing 35 people.

Sadly, some people were killed innocently in the explosion of ammonium nitrate, and some people deliberately used ammonium nitrate as a weapon for terrorist attacks.

In 2011, a nightclub in Bali exploded. This is a vicious explosion in which 202 people were killed by terrorists using ammonium nitrate.

In 1995, terrorists used ammonium nitrate to make explosives to blow up the federal building.

Chemicals usually have both advantages and disadvantages for human beings.

Ammonium nitrate is a common industrial explosive, but it is also a good fertilizer.

Nitroglycerin, which can be used as an explosive, is also a good medicine for cardiovascular diseases …

People often suffer while using them to achieve certain interests.

However, the progress of human beings lies in that no matter how dangerous the substance is, it can be controlled by human beings and finally serve human beings.

Ammonium nitrate. Wikipedia, June 26, 2019.

MarcLallanilla, LiveScience. What Causes Fertilizer Explosions? ScientificAmerican, 2013.04.18.

1947 TexasCity Disaster. Moore Memorial Publiclibrary.

MichaelBaumann. How a Fertilizer Accident Led to the Deadliest Industrial Disaster inAmerican History. The Ringer, 2017.08.24.

SteveOlafson. The Explosion: 50 Years Later, Texas City still Remembers/’Texas Cityjust blew up’/A powerful chemical explosion 50 years ago propelled a small porttown into an unwelcome national and world spotlight. Chron, 1997.04.13.

Original title: "How terrible is the explosion of ammonium nitrate? A cargo ship full of fertilizer blew up thousands of buildings.

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Guanyun innovation mode pays close attention to attracting major projects

  "Going out for investment promotion 147 times, and the main leaders went out for investment promotion 37 times. In the first eight months of this year, 165 new projects were under discussion, with a planned total investment of 78.2 billion yuan, including 19 projects with a total investment of more than 1 billion yuan. The total planned investment of newly contracted projects is 38.8 billion yuan, and the target progress is 97%. 8 projects ranging from 1 billion yuan to 5 billion yuan, achieving 100% of the target progress; Over 10 billion yuan project, 100% of the target schedule. The total planned investment of newly started projects is 17.4 billion yuan, and the target progress is 75.7%. " Yesterday, the relevant person in charge of the Guanyun County Bureau of Commerce introduced.

  Carry out accurate investment promotion in the industrial chain. Guanyun County has always adhered to the principle of "going out, please come in", and participated in the Suzhou Station of the 2022 Guanyun Victoria’s Secret Town Yangtze River Delta Investment Promotion Conference and the 2022 Guanyun (Hangzhou) Digital Economy Investment Promotion Conference, focusing on promotion and expanding influence. In the introduction of projects, we should conscientiously do a good job in project demonstration, highlight industries, attach importance to industrial projects, attract investment in the industrial chain and attract investment accurately, and pay attention to leading projects with large investment scale, strong radiation capacity and high industrial correlation. Focus on leading industries such as new chemical materials, healthy food, equipment manufacturing, high-end textiles, airport economy and modern agriculture to attract investment and make full use of Guanyun — Jiangyin’s "North-South Linkage" is an opportunity to innovate investment ideas and seize the opportunity of Jiangyin’s industrial reform to seize a number of good projects.

  Implement the project pre-examination mechanism. Pre-audit the industrial policy, various planning, technical level, energy consumption, ecological environment impact, safety assessment, investment intensity, output benefit and other factors involved in the settled projects, further improve the quality of investment projects, standardize investment behavior, enhance the rationality of project layout and scientific decision-making, and speed up the project landing.

  Unswervingly grasp big projects. Adhering to the principle of "project is king" and implementing the "four ones" promotion mechanism, Shenghong Group’s aramid project with an investment of 15.8 billion yuan has been signed, and other pre-project procedures such as planning and design conditions, environmental assessment, energy assessment and safety assessment are being promoted in an orderly manner.

  Optimize the construction of business environment. We will carry out the special action of "Optimizing the Business Environment to Attack the Hard Year" to further optimize the business environment and continuously enhance the vitality of market players. Always adhere to the mechanism of "optimizing the business environment and serving investment projects", improve the basic facilities, improve the service quality, create a "government ruled by law, honest government and service government", and continuously activate the driving force of economic development. Introduce the service concept, sort out the service list, establish special service classes, and improve the service quality. (Reporter Villi correspondent Xia Xingyu)

  (Source: Lianyungang Release)

From the Spring Festival in China to the Iranian Spring Festival, these China experts race against time.

  Soymilk, fried dough sticks and tea eggs. In Teheran, the capital of Iran, far from home, the China Red Cross assisted the Iranian volunteer medical expert team to have a Chinese breakfast specially prepared for them.

  March 20th is the traditional Iranian festival Nowruz, which is the Iranian New Year, equivalent to the first day of the Spring Festival in China.

  The local Chinese-funded enterprises specially sent these love breakfasts early in the morning to express their gratitude to the China experts who have been busy in Iran in recent days and provided them with epidemic prevention training, epidemic question and answer, diagnosis and other services.

  China expert group visited Iranian local hospitals. (Image provided by the interviewee)

  From the Lunar New Year in China to the traditional Iranian New Year, these China experts have been racing against the epidemic all the way without stopping. After eating the love breakfast, they immediately set off and started a new day’s intense work.

  An expert from China who moved to Iran from Wuhan said that he hoped that Iran would welcome spring flowers like Wuhan as soon as possible.

  Looking forward to, looking forward to, the pace of spring is closer.

  Iran’s most deserted traditional festival

  Look forward to spring.

  Around March 20th every year is the most important traditional festival in Iran — — Nowruz, the Iranian New Year. Similar to the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival in Chinese, local people usually visit relatives and friends and greet each other during the festival to welcome the coming of spring.

  On March 19, Iranian people wore masks to pick flowers and prepare to celebrate the festival. Xinhua news agency

  However, this holiday season, Iran is still mired in the epidemic, and the confirmed data is still in a period of rapid growth. As of March 20th, the number of confirmed cases in COVID-19 has approached 20,000. According to the Iranian Ministry of Health on the 19th, an average of 50 people are diagnosed every hour in Iran.

  The Iranian government called on residents to stay at home to celebrate the festival and prevent the spread of the epidemic.

  On March 19, Iranian citizens wore masks to go shopping and prepare to celebrate the festival. Xinhua news agency

  According to Xinhua News Agency, many Iranians canceled their travel plans and stayed at home for the holidays. On the first day of the Iranian New Year, Tehran, with a permanent population of more than 8 million, is like an empty city, standing silently in the mountains at the southern foot of the Elbers Mountains.

  "I have lived for almost 60 years and have never seen the streets of Tehran so deserted." Local resident Motametti told Xinhua News Agency.

  On March 20th, the streets of Tehran, the capital of Iran, were very deserted. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tony chen photo

  On March 20th, the streets of Tehran, the capital of Iran, were very deserted. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tony chen photo

  From Shanghai and Wuhan to Iran

  Race against time all the way

  The epidemic situation in Iran has spread rapidly and the death rate is high. It is no exaggeration to say that epidemic prevention and treatment work must race against time.

  In the early morning of February 29th, a team of five volunteers from China Red Cross Society arrived in Teheran, the Iranian capital, with some medical supplies from China. Chang Hua, China’s ambassador to Iran, and officials from the Iraqi Ministry of Health greeted him at the airport. (Image from official website, Embassy of China in Iran)

  Since February 29th, China’s expert group has been working in Iran for 20 consecutive days, and has been going to various parts of Iran to discuss and exchange with Iranian medical workers and experts in the field of public health, and to explore the treatment plan.

  Zhou Xiaohang, leader of the expert group and director of the Shanghai Red Cross Relief and Rescue Department, said that in order to fight the epidemic, most members of the expert group canceled all vacation plans and have been working since the Spring Festival, and some of them were transferred immediately after finishing their work in the domestic anti-epidemic front line.

  Qian Zhiping, a member of the expert group and chief physician of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, has been working in Shanghai’s anti-epidemic front line since January 20th, which can be said to be from China New Year to Iranian New Year.

  "It’s a pity that I have been out all the time and have been home several times occasionally, but I haven’t had time to eat a meal at home." Qian Zhiping said, "I didn’t have much rest after coming here. I had work arrangements every day. After coming for 20 days, I walked with my colleagues to the nearby community as far as possible and inspected the protection of residents."

  I hope Iran will be as blooming as Wuhan as soon as possible.

  Wang Dongsheng, a respiratory doctor in the First Affiliated Hospital of China University of Science and Technology, and Li Ming, a laboratory doctor, were new members who reinforced Teheran in March.

  Wang Dongsheng just finished his anti-epidemic task in Wuhan. He said that Wuhan has gradually returned to normal, hoping to bring China’s anti-epidemic experience to Iran, so that Iran can be as blooming as Wuhan at an early date.

  China experts are communicating with local doctors. (Image provided by the interviewee)

  The expert team covers experts in many fields such as disease control, prevention and clinic. In Iran, they exchange experiences with the local Ministry of Health and frontline medical workers every day. After returning to the residence in the evening, we will have a collective meeting to summarize the opinions exchanged with local counterparts and experts, and then jointly study the prevention and treatment plan.

  There is no point in going to work and no point after work. This is the normal state of their work in Iran.

  The Iranian people kept saying: Thank you China, thank you.

  What makes the China expert group particularly gratified is that both the detection ability of Iranian hospitals, people’s awareness of protection and the cure rate have been significantly improved. Experts from China gave everything to each other, which was also well received by local professionals and the public.

  Zhou Xiaohang said, "The Iranian people are very enthusiastic about us. No matter the partners we meet at work or the people we meet on the street, when they see that we are wearing China Red Cross jackets, they will come over and ask for a group photo, and they will keep thanking us and saying, ‘ Thank you, China. Thank you. ’”

  He said that at present, Iran’s previous measures have achieved certain results, but Iran will still face a critical period of anti-epidemic in the next two weeks and still cannot relax.

Summary of China’s educational reform and development achievements since the 18th CPC National Congress.

  If education is strong, the country will be strong, and if education is prosperous, the nation will prosper. Education is not only related to individual development and family happiness, but also to national prosperity and national rejuvenation.

  Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, giving priority to the development of education, from unified thinking to positive action, the whole country played a game of chess and promoted the tide of educational reform and development in China.

  Strengthen top-level design and give priority to education.

  In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "building an educational power is the basic project for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must give priority to education, deepen educational reform, speed up educational modernization, and run a satisfactory education for the people."

  Education is an important way to improve people’s comprehensive quality and promote their all-round development, an important cornerstone of national rejuvenation and social progress, and a cause of decisive significance to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Education determines today and the future of mankind; Education inherits the past, creates the present and creates the future, which is an important force to promote the progress of human civilization — — These ideas have become a high consensus of the whole party and the whole country. Adhering to the strategic position of giving priority to education has a solid ideological foundation, so the direction of action is clearer and the pace of progress is more forceful.

  The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core advocates and sets an example of the idea of giving priority to education with practical actions, so that the concept and strategy of giving priority to education are implemented. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made a series of important expositions and issued a series of important instructions on the essence of education and its position and role in the Chinese dream journey of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, there have been more than a dozen documents and plans related to education reform at the meeting of the Central Committee for Deep Restructuring and Deep Reform chaired by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader. Rural Teacher Support Program (2015— 2020), Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Educational System and Mechanism, Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World-class Universities and First-class Subjects, Several Opinions on Promoting the Reform and Development of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education Integration, Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teachers’ Team Construction in the New Era, Opinions on Standardizing the Development of Off-campus Training Institutions and Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Standardized Development of Preschool Education, etc., have carried out pragmatic and accurate top-level design, pointing to the difficulties of reform and having far-reaching influence.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all localities have been actively promoting the reform and development of education, giving priority to investment in construction, introducing talents, solving difficulties and publicizing typical cases, and putting education in a strategic position of giving priority to development.

  A century-long plan, education-oriented. Strengthening the Party’s leadership over education, the Central Deep Reform Group and the Committee for Deep Reform made many decisions on major issues of education reform and development, which further enhanced the status of education, strengthened coordination and effectively promoted the reform and development of education.

  Policy guarantee investment, "4%" is a milestone.

  Continuous investment in education is a basic and strategic investment to support the long-term development of the country, and it is increasingly becoming an important indicator to evaluate whether a country or a region gives priority to the development of education.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party and the state have attached great importance to education. Attach importance to education and be input-based. In 2012, China’s fiscal education expenditure accounted for more than 4% of GDP for the first time, exceeding 2 trillion yuan, and remained above 4% for six consecutive years. In 2017, the national fiscal education expenditure reached 3.42 trillion yuan.

  In recent years, the party and the state have been steadily increasing investment in education. Last year, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Education" issued by the State Council further clarified that the proportion of national fiscal education expenditure to GDP should generally not be less than 4%, that the fiscal general public budget education expenditure should only increase year by year, and that the average general public budget education expenditure should only increase year by year.

  The development of education depends on both the city and the countryside. The party and the government are concerned about the healthy growth of rural students. Since 2011, the central government has allocated a total of 159.1 billion yuan to implement the nutrition improvement plan for rural students in 1631 counties in 29 provinces, covering all key poverty alleviation and development counties in the country and benefiting more than 37 million students.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has accelerated the construction of educational informatization and successfully completed the project of "Full Coverage of Digital Education Resources in Teaching Points". At present, the internet access rate of primary and secondary schools in China has increased from 25% to 94%, and the proportion of multimedia classrooms has increased from less than 40% to 87%.

  Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities strive to give priority to education development in economic and social development planning, give priority to financial funds to ensure education investment, give priority to public resources to meet the needs of education and human resources development, and support sound and rapid economic and social development with priority development of education.

  The support of real money and silver is widely praised by all walks of life. According to international empirical data, when the proportion of fiscal education funds to GDP reaches about 4%, the proportion of fiscal revenue to GDP is generally 30%— 40%。 China reached 4% when the fiscal revenue accounted for less than 30% of GDP, which strongly shows that the party and the government attach unprecedented importance to education.

  Grasp the key tasks and implement the priority development of education.

  The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China described the grand blueprint of "basically realizing socialist modernization" by 2035 and "building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power" by the middle of this century.

  For the development and progress of the whole society, education plays a leading, overall and basic role. Building an educational power is the basic project for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Only with the rise of education can there be the development of science and technology and the rise of national strength.

  Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, historic changes have taken place in education in China, and historic achievements have been made. The overall development level of education in China has entered the upper-middle class in the world. China’s educational opportunities are increasing. At present, the net enrollment rate of primary school-age children and the gross enrollment rate of junior high school exceed or equal to the average level of high-income countries, and the gross enrollment rate of senior high school is higher than the average level of middle-and high-income countries. In 2017, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China was 79.6%, an increase of 15.1 percentage points over 2012; The average educational years of the population aged 15 and above reached 9.6 years, and the average educational years of the working-age population reached 10.5 years. Higher education is rapidly moving towards the stage of popularization. In 2017, the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 45.7%, which is higher than the average level of middle-and high-income countries.

  To promote the reform and development of education, we should grasp the main contradictions. Being good at grasping the key points not only reflects the overall analysis and judgment of the work, but also reflects the ability to solve problems and resolve contradictions.

  Chen Baosheng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Education, said: to grasp the key task of giving priority to the development of education, the education front must comprehensively implement the party’s education policy, implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue, and develop quality education; Adhere to the people-centered, continue to promote education equity, and fill the shortcomings of people’s livelihood; Coordinate the development of all kinds of education at all levels with the new development concept, deepen the comprehensive reform in the field of education, and accelerate the construction of a learning society.

  One of the key points to give priority to the development of education is to build an educational governance system that adapts to the new era and realize the modernization of educational governance capacity, so as to solve the total problem caused by insufficient educational development and the structural problem caused by unbalanced educational development.

  Education, especially higher education, is an important combination of the first productivity of science and technology and the first resource of talents. At present, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have made a major decision to speed up the construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines, run universities based on China, and strive to improve the level of higher education and enhance the core competitiveness of the country. Colleges and universities have developed into an important part of the national scientific and technological innovation system, and have produced a number of landmark achievements that serve the national strategy and have international influence in manned spaceflight, supercomputers and other fields. China’s colleges and universities have moved forward greatly in the ranking of many universities in the world. According to the ranking of world universities published by QS Global Education Group, six universities in mainland China have entered the top 100, and some disciplines have reached or approached the world-class level.

  At present, China has established educational cooperation and exchange relations with 188 countries and regions in the world, and there are more than 2,360 Chinese-foreign cooperative education institutions and projects nationwide. The international competitiveness and influence of China’s education have been significantly enhanced.

  We are striding forward from a big education country to a strong education country, and looking to the future. We firmly believe that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, more than 1.3 billion people will enjoy a better and fairer education and gain the ability to develop themselves, contribute to society and benefit the people. Education in China will surely gather a steady stream of intellectual resources and provide strong talent support for realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

  Our reporter Dong Hongliang Zhao Yuna Zhang Shuo Ding Yashong

Looking back at the history of bicycles and motorcycles from the military, we can explore the wonderful past of "going to war alone"

Ride all the way to the battlefield

■ Zhang Naiqian

"Helicopter+motorcycle", can you imagine that this will become a "magic combination" on the modern battlefield? At the Dubai Air Show held not long ago, a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter displayed by the United Arab Emirates carried an electric all-terrain motorcycle through a special side hitch. According to reports, the "combination" aims to use helicopters to bring the special warfare team into the mission area and complete the rapid assault by riding a motorcycle in the "last mile" of the battlefield.

Riding all the way to the battlefield was once a real historical picture. Whether bicycles or motorcycles, these "small two-wheeled land vehicles" were quickly put into the battlefield as soon as they came out, and a number of classic weapons were successively produced in magic change. Today, we can still see them in the armies of various countries.

In this issue of "Wide Angle of Weapons", let’s look back at the "Hundred Years’ Military History" of bicycles and motorcycles and explore the wonderful past of "going to war alone".

They have a "hundred years of military history"-

The battlefield iron horse emerged.

In the classic French comedy film "Escape from Danger" of World War II, the scene of German soldiers riding military motorcycles and chasing British pilots all the way made people sweat for the brave and tenacious pilots, and at the same time, they deeply realized the unique role of military motorcycles in mobile operations on the battlefield. In another World War II movie "War Day", the Danish army that resisted the German "Armored Corps" turned out to be an army equipped with bicycles.

Look at all kinds of bicycles and bike-sharing now shuttling through the streets. Have you ever thought that their "predecessors" used to be "iron horses in the battlefield"? Since ancient times, the pursuit of flexibility and mobility has been the eternal goal of the armies of various countries. Compared with horses, they need to be fed and carefully cared for. Bicycles are light and flexible to use, do not consume fuel, have low noise and are easy to hide. They can not only transport soldiers, but also cross rugged mountain roads. It’s no wonder that bicycles were quickly favored by armies of various countries after their birth.

On the battlefield of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the first military bicycle appeared. Prussian messengers rode bicycles to transmit information and orders on the battlefield, and the French army also sent bicycle squads to frequently penetrate the Prussian rear to spy on information. During the First World War, bicycles became one of the main equipment of the armies of the participating countries. France, Belgium and Britain each have more than 100,000 bicycle troops. Every light infantry battalion of the German Army has specially set up a bicycle company.

During the Second World War, the United States, the Soviet Union and Germany each had their own star "war horse". The American Harley-Davidson WLA motorcycle shines brilliantly on the battlefield, and the Soviet M-72 motorcycle is easy to produce and durable. The BMW R12, R35, R71 and R75 are all favored by the Germans. During the Iran-Iraq War, Iranian soldiers riding motorcycles quickly attacked the Iraqi army’s tank cluster, using rocket launchers, anti-tank grenades and burning grenades to storm the tank forces, and interpreted a unique war history of "motorcycles hitting tanks".

Today, bicycles and motorcycles are still indispensable and important "cars" for soldiers under complex terrain conditions. Regardless of the war in Afghanistan or Iraq, the U.S. military defines bicycles as special auxiliary equipment for Stryker armored vehicles and Hummer off-road vehicles. Once the vehicle breaks down, is destroyed or cannot pass through the terrain, the US military can take out its bicycle and ride all the way to the battlefield. In the open exercise screen of the Iranian Army in 2021, you can also see the scene of soldiers riding motorcycles to quickly launch a battlefield assault.


Swiss M93 military bicycle.

Bmw R75 motorcycle.

Not just a means of transportation—

Focus on operations and install "magic change"

At the China International Aviation and Aerospace Expo in 2018, China Aerospace Science and Technology Group displayed the "Cang Lang" missile launching system, which installed a multi-purpose missile launcher on an all-terrain motorcycle. The "infantry assault vehicle" equipped by the Nigerian Army can fully adapt to the local combat environment by installing protective shields and RPK series machine guns on motorcycles, and realize the integration of battlefield mobility and fire assault.

Since bicycles and motorcycles joined the army, they have been used for battlefield maneuvering, improving quick reaction ability, undertaking reconnaissance, vigilance and transportation tasks, and also quickly entered the battlefield "magic change" era with various weapons. British-designed BSA military bicycle has a rifle support clip installed at the seat strut for fixing guns; Italians who dare to "try early" put Maxim’s heavy machine guns on tandem two-seater bicycles; Germany also installed anti-tank weapons and light mortars on TR-FA bicycles. These "machine-gun chariots" react quickly, and the bomb load is not small in the case of multi-vehicle cooperation. They are strange weapons with both offensive and defensive functions on the battlefield.

Compared with bicycles, motorcycles are also a good platform for carrying weapons. During World War II, the Germans equipped heavy-duty sidecar motorcycles with machine guns, carrying several boxes of machine gun bullets and sometimes a light mortar. During the Battle of Berlin in 1945, the Germans used armed bicycles and motorcycles to infiltrate and sneak attack Soviet armored forces and destroyed a number of Soviet tanks.

Another one written in the history of weapons is the German Sdkfz.2 semi-crawler motorcycle. The first half of this motorcycle is no different from ordinary motorcycles, but the second half uses staggered load wheels and crawler-type walking devices, so it is called "Centaur". In 1941, this type of motorcycle was officially put into operation on the eastern front by the German army in the Barbarosa operation, showing its strong passing ability on the muddy road conditions on the battlefield. In fact, whether it is transporting ammunition, pulling artillery, or pulling a few heavily armed soldiers to support the front line, its battlefield performance is remarkable, and the German Air Force even uses it to tow aircraft, which is called the "all-purpose oil" equipment of the Germans on the battlefield.


Will motorcycle.


German semi-crawler motorcycle.

Get through the "last mile" of the battlefield-

The wheels are rolling and the stage is vast.

With the smoke of World War II dispersed, mechanization and informatization have become the main theme of military development in various countries, and a large number of mechanized equipment have been installed one after another. As "veterans" in the military, bicycles and motorcycles seem to be slowly retiring. In fact, as a portable vehicle that can get through the "last mile" of the battlefield, cycling vehicles still have a broad stage in the modern battlefield.

Rapid force delivery should not be underestimated. As the most "bicycle-loving" army, the Swiss bicycle force was not abolished until the beginning of this century. When you open the map, you can find that Switzerland, which has many mountains and lakes, is a "paradise" for cycling troops. They can cross most mountain roads without fuel and fight in various complex terrain conditions. For this reason, even though the special bicycle troops were cancelled, Switzerland still has not given up military bicycles. Besides exercising physical fitness and adapting to the unique mountain environment, it is also specially used for special forces. Compared with bicycles, armies all over the world still keep a certain number of military motorcycles. Germany’s latest "BMW" F850 GS military motorcycle is a cross-country motorcycle specially used for fast maneuvering.

Folding portability is favored by officers and men. In addition to constantly improving the attack capability, folding and portability has also become the direction of bicycle and motorcycle modification. During World War II, British and German airborne troops were equipped with folding paratroopers’ bicycles. Britain has specially designed Will folding motorcycles for British special operations forces and airborne troops. After the motorcycle is folded and airdropped by a special umbrella bag, it can be unfolded and set off within 10 seconds. In the 1980s, multifunctional mountain bikes and foldable paratroopers developed by the US Department of Defense entered the US military service. The "Paratrooper" folding bicycle weighs 14 kilograms, can carry 150 kilograms, and the length and width of the body are not more than 90 centimeters. The bicycle can be folded or unfolded within 30 seconds. Because it is light and small, the "paratrooper" folding bicycle can be tied to the outside of tanks and armored vehicles, or hung on the paratroopers’ chest to skydive together, giving paratroopers flexible and fast mobility.

Electric silent or become the trend of the times. The electric car has good mute performance, and the sound it makes is even smaller than the voice of people. It can be used for special forces to quickly pass through rugged terrain and launch battlefield raids quietly. The "EZ Rider" electric vehicle being tested by the US Special Forces and the Israel Defense Forces can haul 250 kilograms of materials and travel nearly 40 kilometers on a single charge, which is suitable for special forces. The "Golan" electric off-road vehicle developed by Russia has a top speed of 110 kilometers per hour and a cruising range of 370 kilometers with additional batteries. Russia also specially installed AK-74 rifles, RPG rocket launchers and Grenade launchers for the "Golan" electric off-road vehicle, in order to play an important role in future special forces’ ambush and reconnaissance operations.

Layout design: Xie An

E-mail for this edition: jfjbbqdg@163.com

Brake failure, driver school delivery hit students, how to define the responsibility? The court ruled!

On the way back to the classroom after class exercises.

The driver injured a student in school because the brakes were out of control.

Who should be responsible for drivers and schools?

recent days

The Ziyang District Court of Yiyang City, Hunan Province heard this case.

Cases involving campus safety

Please see this case ~

The picture comes from the network.

In February, 2022, when Li delivered the goods to a vocational school in Yiyang by car and returned to the downhill section of the campus, he lost control of the brakes and collided with 17-year-old Song, who was on his way back to the classroom after class exercises, causing Song to be injured. Later, Song was sent to the hospital for treatment, and the medical expenses were 34,176.29 yuan. After identification, Song’s right medial and lateral ankle fracture line involved the epiphysis, which was a grade 10 disability; Multiple fractures of the right foot cause complete destruction of the arch structure of the right foot, which is a grade 9 disability.

Afterwards, Song sued a vocational school, Li and the vehicle insurance company driven by Li to the court, demanding compensation for medical expenses, follow-up treatment fees, hospitalization food subsidies and other losses totaling 296,673 yuan.

After trial, the court held that citizens’ right to life and health was protected by law. If another person infringes upon a citizen’s personal rights due to his fault, he shall bear civil liability for compensation. The vehicle involved in the accident is owned by Li and has been insured with compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance. According to Article 43 of the Regulations on Compulsory Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident Liability Insurance, for Song’s loss, the insurance company shall be liable for compensation within the limit of compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance, and the rest shall be liable for compensation according to the degree of fault of all parties.

In this case, when driving on campus, Li should ensure the safety of pedestrians, especially on downhill roads, and pay attention to avoiding pedestrians. Li injured Song, who was returning to the classroom because of brake failure, and his fault was the root cause of the accident, and he should bear all the responsibility for the accident; A vocational school failed to fulfill the corresponding obligation of prompting and supervising the vehicles coming to the school. During the dissolution of recess exercise, it should try to avoid the traffic of vehicles on campus, thus inferring that a vocational school failed to fulfill its management responsibilities, and according to the provisions of Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), it was determined that the school should bear 30% of the supplementary liability for compensation.

Based on the above situation, the court ruled that the insurance company compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 180,000 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of the judgment; Li compensated Song for medical expenses, follow-up treatment expenses, hospital food subsidies, nursing expenses and other losses of 81,536.99 yuan within 10 days from the effective date of this judgment; A vocational school shall bear the supplementary compensation liability within the range of 24,461.09 yuan when Li can’t pay off the above sum. After the school bears the above supplementary compensation liability, it has the right to recover from Li.

01

The accident happened in a closed campus. Is it a road traffic accident?

This case is a dispute over damages caused by an accident when a vehicle passes outside the road. If a motor vehicle is damaged by a traffic accident, it shall be liable for compensation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the road traffic safety law. Article 77 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that accidents that occur when vehicles pass outside the road shall be handled with reference to the relevant provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law. Article 25 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Road Traffic Accident Damage Compensation Cases stipulates that the provisions of this Interpretation may be applied with reference to damage compensation cases caused by motor vehicles passing outside roads. In this case, Song was injured by a motor vehicle in a non-road traffic accident on campus, and his personal injury compensation can be handled in accordance with the above-mentioned legal provisions.

02

Who will bear the responsibility for the traffic accident on the way to delivery?

According to the provisions of Article 1191 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a student suffers personal injury from an off-campus person while he is at school, the infringer shall bear the responsibility. If the staff of the employing unit causes damage to others due to the execution of work tasks, the employing unit shall bear the tort liability. In this case, a maintenance service co., Ltd. contracted the maintenance and cleaning project of the drainage ditch and septic tank in the male and female dormitory of the school. Li, an outsider in this case, is not a worker or employee of the company, but a deliveryman. Because of his fault, he should bear all the responsibilities.

03

Does the school take responsibility for the accident on campus?

According to Article 1201 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), if a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct suffers personal injury from a third person outside the kindergarten, school or other educational institution during his study and life, the third person shall bear the tort liability; Kindergartens, schools or other educational institutions that fail to fulfill their management responsibilities shall bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. Article 9, paragraph 2, of the Measures for Handling Student Injury Accidents stipulates that if the school safety management system has obvious omissions or management confusion and fails to take timely measures to cause student injury, the school shall bear corresponding responsibilities according to law.

At the time of the incident, Song was a person with limited capacity. During the dissolution of the class exercise, when Li was driving on campus, the school did not have managers to stop reminding him. It can be seen that the school’s safety management was negligent and did not do its due management duties, which caused Song’s personal injury accident. If the school is at fault, it should bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities. After the school assumes the supplementary responsibility, it can recover from Li.

In addition, students are injured from time to time due to construction on campus. During construction, the school should not only educate students about safety, but also make necessary control over related work, always reminding them to pay attention to the safety of teachers and students and create a safe campus environment.

Original title: "Brake failure, driver school delivery hits students, how to define the responsibility? The court ruled! 》

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Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring! You need to pay attention →

According to Guangzhou CDC

Recent monitoring data show that

For nearly a month,

The level of influenza activity, mainly influenza A, continues to rise.

The momentum is rapid.

Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring.

What are the symptoms of influenza?

How will it spread?

How to prevent and treat it scientifically?

How to tell whether it is the flu or the common cold?

……

One article will take you all to know.

What is the flu?

△ Xu Yi, Director of Internal Medicine Department and Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center

Xu Yi, director of internal medicine department and director of infectious diseases department of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, said that influenza, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza virus and belongs to Class C infectious disease. Influenza A (subtype A H1N1 and subtype A H3N2) and influenza B (strain Yamagata and strain Victoria) are the most prevalent seasonal viruses in the population. Influenza A virus is more likely to spread rapidly among people, and many large-scale outbreaks of influenza in history are related to influenza A virus. Recently, the rising level of influenza activity in many places in China is also caused by the subtype of influenza A (H1N1).

In the past three years, we have taken non-drug interventions, such as wearing masks and limiting social distance, which have effectively curbed the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. At the same time, it also reduces the exposure to influenza in the population, resulting in the decline of pre-existing immunity in the population, which has a certain risk of influenza epidemic. In the south, there may be a single annual influenza peak from April to June every year.

In the face of influenza virus, we have two sharp weapons to "defeat the enemy": special antiviral drugs and influenza vaccine. As long as you pay attention to personal precautions and maintain good hygiene habits, the possibility of a persistent influenza pandemic is already small, so you don’t have to be nervous and afraid.

How does the flu spread?

Influenza patients and recessive infections are the main sources of seasonal influenza infection. Influenza is mainly transmitted by air droplets, and it can also be transmitted by direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as mouth, nose and eyes. It can also spread in the form of aerosol in a crowded, closed or poorly ventilated room.

What are the main symptoms of influenza?

The onset of influenza is urgent, and most of them are self-limited. Mainly with fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise; The body temperature can reach 39~40℃, which is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as muscle and joint pain, fatigue and loss of appetite. Often sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, discomfort behind the sternum, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and so on. Some patients have mild or no symptoms. Mild flu is often similar to the common cold, but flu fever and systemic symptoms are more obvious.

How to distinguish

H1N1 and the common cold?

The child has flu-related symptoms

What circumstances need to be sent to the doctor in time?

1. Persistent high fever > 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration of pus, blood sputum, or chest pain;

2. Breathing frequency is fast, breathing is difficult, and the lips are cyanotic;

3. Slow response, lethargy, restlessness, etc.;

4. Severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration such as less urine and less tears;

5. pneumonia;

6. When the original underlying disease is obviously aggravated.

It should be emphasized that younger children must see a doctor when they have persistent high fever or ultra-high fever in the first 1-2 days of illness, and the antipyretic drugs and physical cooling effects are not obvious, or when they have convulsions.

How to treat the flu?

Generally, children are advised to stay at home and keep the room ventilated after symptoms appear. Get enough rest, drink plenty of water, and the diet should be easy to digest and nutritious. Minimize contact with others and avoid infection. The focus of treatment is to relieve flu-like symptoms such as fever and cough, and the patient’s condition should be closely observed.

Children under 5 years old or obese are more likely to have serious complications, so antiviral treatment under the guidance of a doctor as soon as possible can alleviate flu symptoms, shorten the course of flu and reduce the mortality rate of severe flu.

Remember: antibiotics and hormones are ineffective against influenza virus. )

The flu is coming

How to prevent it scientifically?

1. Personal protection: During the flu season, try to avoid going to crowded places and contacting people with respiratory symptoms; If the child has respiratory symptoms, he should rest at home, conduct health observation, and enter the park and attend classes without illness; Maintain good hygiene habits such as hand hygiene and cough etiquette.

2. Maintain environmental sanitation: keep the residence clean and ventilated, and regularly clean and disinfect key parts such as door handles and handrails.

3. Strengthen the health monitoring of collective units: schools and kindergartens should strengthen morning and afternoon inspections and full-day observation; Children with flu-like symptoms should rest at home to reduce the spread of the disease.

4. Vaccination against influenza is the first line of defense against influenza, and children over 6 months old can have protective effect after vaccination according to recommended procedures. The peak time and duration of influenza activity vary from place to place every year. In order to ensure that the recipients can get immune protection before the flu season, it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as the vaccine is available.

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Original title: "Guangzhou has entered the high incidence of influenza in spring! You need to pay attention → "

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Foreign netizens hotly discussed that "Salad Tower" forced Pizza Hut to cancel salad self-service in China.

In the summer of 2009, Pizza Hut cancelled its salad self-service in China chain stores, but foreign media seemed to have just recovered. The British "Post Online" news website analyzed and reported on the 29th of this month why Pizza Hut’s buffet salad was withdrawn in China, and listed in detail the case that Chinese became a "salad engineer" when he arrived at Pizza Hut, and concluded that "Pizza Hut could not afford to play after meeting Chinese". For the whimsy of China diners, foreign netizens also have different views. Some netizens envy and hate, "My mother Mia, it looks so good, I will do the same!" Some netizens criticized, "I don’t think we should waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … …”

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

The following is the full text of the report:

A few years ago, Pizza Hut closed the salad buffet in China, and the official statement was that it was part of the menu reform. But many people think that the real reason is that the Pizza Hut diners in China can always make the Big Mac salad tower, so the cunning China diners came up with this idea.

Because compared with the generous Pizza Hut in Europe and America, the Pizza Hut in China only allows diners to help themselves with salads at the salad counter at one time. Therefore, diners in China certainly won’t waste this opportunity, which is also the only one. They invented the "salad tower" and piled up all kinds of fruits and vegetables in order to get more salads at one time.

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

China Diners’ "Masterpieces"

As a result, this kind of "salad tower" has become a trend. Many people post their "salad tower" on the Internet to show off, so everyone wants to surpass others and build a higher Pizza Hut "salad tower". Those "salad engineers" also shared their experience of stacking on the Internet. For example, if you want to stack the "salad tower" very high, you must first put the crispy foods such as carrots and cucumbers on the base and lay a good foundation.

Because Pizza Hut is positioned as a high-end restaurant in Asia, not a cheap fast food restaurant, when Pizza Hut restaurant in China announced that it would no longer set up its own salad service in China, people took it for granted that the "salad tower" was the cause.

Of course, after learning the bad news, Chinese seems to be more keen on building a "salad tower" to make up for the regret of the accumulation of colorless lacquers.

Kotakure website commented that Pizza Hut still kept some salad self-service in China’s capital, but this kind of play has gone out.

Foreign netizens also have different views on the whimsy of China diners. The following are excerpts from foreign netizens’ comments:

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" — — Pure handmade

My mother Mia, it’s so awesome. It looks good. I’m going to do the same!

I think it’s better not to waste food. It is said that there are still some children in China who don’t have enough to eat … … Forget it. Forget it.

Well, it’s really incredible!

Aren’t they afraid that eating all these at once will hurt their stomachs?

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Wonderful Pizza Hut "Salad Tower"

I’m not surprised at this at all. I have lived in China for three years, and sometimes when I have brunch in a five-star hotel on weekends, I am really shocked every time. Chinese always fills the plate with food, as if it were their last meal. Whether it’s salad, caviar or dessert, Chinese can eat all the food you can name, and he eats a lot.

I remember that when people went to Pizza Hut for dinner a few years ago, they had to pay extra for salad. At that time, I always put salad in a bowl, because I could take more. I think I didn’t know I was dwarfed until I went to the East. I still like the way diners in China do, and I have learned a lot from them. I often go to Pizza Hut after returning to China, and then pile up salads to make all kinds of "salad towers", and I enjoy the feeling that employees and other guests stare at me. I think I am awesome!

Chinese has never eaten western food. You see that China is full of Pizza Hut, McDonald’s and KFC, and supermarkets are full of Tesco and Wal-Mart. Have you ever seen China-branded restaurants or other chain stores in Britain and America?

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

God-like existence — — Pizza Hut Salad Tower

I think Chinese’s "salad tower" is the greed of a few people that has damaged the interests of many people.

This looks very unsightly. I’m curious when was the last time they ate, and why did they keep stuffing food into their mouths?

I think only people who like salad very much can take so much at a time, otherwise it will be so heavy that all the food below will be crushed, and I feel disgusting.

I have a very simple way. Salad service is charged by weight. Let’s see if they will still take so much!

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Although it is short, it is full of Pizza Hut "salad tower"

I can’t figure it out. In all Pizza Huts in the United States, the food in the salad bar is full, and few people take it … … Except, of course, Pizza Hut near Los Angeles Airport.

Real men eat potatoes and meat, not salads!

Ok, this really shocked me, but the salad in Pizza Hut tastes ok, so why put so much!

Well, they really have time to do this. When it’s done, the pizza will get cold.

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Foreign netizens hotly discuss Chinese Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" to force it to cancel salad self-service.

Teach you how to build Pizza Hut "Salad Tower" by hand.

Original post address: British Post Online, Longteng.com.

Design and implementation of hedging scheme for copper smelting enterprises

  It is necessary to grasp the node that opens every profit window and rationally arrange the positions that need to be hedged.


铜冶炼企业套保方案的设计与实施


  A profit structure and risk characteristics of smelting enterprises


  The profit of copper smelting enterprises can be deduced by the following formula: profit = selling copper price-copper concentrate cost-smelting and processing cost = selling copper price-(purchasing copper price-smelting and processing cost)-smelting and processing cost = (selling copper price-purchasing copper price)+(smelting and processing cost-smelting and processing cost), in which the difference between smelting and processing cost is the core profit of copper smelting enterprises, which depends on the smelting technology, equipment and production management level of enterprises. The fluctuation of selling copper price and purchasing copper price is the external market risk faced by enterprises. If it is not managed or poorly managed, it will greatly infringe on the processing profits of enterprises. Therefore, smelting enterprises and traders above designated size often hedge their prices and lock in profits through the futures market.


  China’s copper resources are scarce, and the dependence of smelting enterprises on the import of raw materials is as high as 70%, while the finished electrolytic copper is basically sold domestically. Therefore, it is necessary to synchronize hedging in the internal and external markets. The actual hedging plan needs to weigh the scale of production and sales of enterprises, the differences in pricing benchmarks, pricing methods and pricing timing at both ends of the purchase and sale, and at the same time, the fluctuations and changes of macroeconomics and exchange rates cannot be ignored.


  The pricing of overseas purchased ore is based on LME price in London, and the pricing of domestic electrolytic copper is based on SHFE price in Shanghai Futures Exchange. The price changes of LME and SHFE are not completely synchronized, and the price difference exists for a long time and fluctuates violently. The calculation formula is "the current price of No.1 electrolytic copper in Yangtze River -(LME copper-swap fee+Yangshan copper premium) ×(1+ VAT rate )× exchange rate-miscellaneous fees".


  Theoretically, only when the above-mentioned tax-free static spread is greater than zero, the profit can be locked when the LME market imports the spot price and simultaneously sells the hedging in SHFE.


  Because the time node where the above price difference is positive is limited, usually there are only 3-4 opportunities throughout the year, it is very important for smelting enterprises to pay close attention to market dynamics and seize the right time to lock in the right amount of raw materials.


  B hedging scale and structure


  Before confirming the scale and structure of hedging, it is necessary to analyze the quantity and structure of raw materials and finished products of smelting enterprises. Because of the same pricing basis, the domestic purchased and sold parts can be hedged naturally, and only the purchased raw materials and the domestic finished products can be hedged. If the copper output of a smelter is 500,000 tons/year, and the monthly price of raw materials and finished products is 41,700 tons, of which 60% of raw materials depend on imports, then the specific structure of hedging.


  Raw material part


  The average monthly import of copper concentrate is 25,000 tons, based on the spot average price of LME market in QP month or the spot price before entering QP month; Purchasing 16,700 tons of copper concentrate in China every month is based on the monthly average price of copper in SHFE that month.


  Finished product part


  The ratio of long orders to zero orders for electrolytic copper sales in the industry is 7∶3, that is, the monthly sales volume of long orders is 29,200 tons, based on the average price of SHFE in that month; Sporadic sales of 12,500 tons, based on the timely copper price of SHFE in the current month (that is, the spot price), and referring to the spot price of Yangtze River Nonferrous Metals.


  Natural hedging


  In order to reduce the occupation of hedging funds, based on the same pricing basis, 16,700 tons of copper concentrate purchased in China and 16,700 tons of electrolytic copper sold in long orders can be naturally hedged.


  Hedging scale and structure


  In the product part, 12,500 tons of electrolytic copper sold in long-term orders and 12,500 tons of electrolytic copper sold in retail orders are hedged in SHFE market; The corresponding monthly import of 25,000 tons of raw materials, buy hedging in LME market.


  Capital occupation


  If an average of 25,000 tons of raw materials are hedged every month, 5,000 lots of copper contracts need to be sold in SHFE. At the current price of 48,000 yuan/ton, calculated according to the margin ratio of 10%, it needs to occupy the trading margin of 120 million yuan; In order to reduce the risk and ensure the safety of positions, the continuous margin should be appropriately increased.


  C hedging strategy implementation of QP in different pricing periods


  The so-called pricing period is the validity period of pricing agreed by buyers and sellers in international trade. For example, the pricing period of copper concentrate is the second month after transportation, and the time of transportation month is subject to the ocean bill of lading. With the increasing concentration of the global copper concentrate market, the international mining monopoly oligarchs will not distribute the annual agreed trade volume to each month in a balanced way. Even QP quantity is only of theoretical significance, and uneven QP quantity is the normal state of international trade.


  Hedging strategy under QP uniformity


  At this time, the quantity of copper concentrate imported every month is 1/12 of the annual agreed quantity. The importing enterprises must seize every opportunity that the tax-free price difference is beneficial to import, and lock in the processing fee income through the operation of selling and buying at the same time in the domestic and foreign futures markets. Usually, there are three or four import hedging opportunities periodically every year, and the number of active months of SHFE copper contracts is also three to four months, which can basically meet the demand of imported enterprises for uniform hedging in domestic and foreign futures markets throughout the year, and the hedging operation is relatively simple.


  Hedging strategy under the condition of uneven QP


  Copper concentrate suppliers will take advantage of the strong market position and deliberately increase the QP in the traditional peak consumption season, so as to increase the copper price in LME market after entering this month, thus indirectly increasing the sales price of copper concentrate. At this time, it is only through the combination of positive cross-market and inter-period arbitrage that the imported enterprises can achieve the expected hedging effect.


  In January, May and June, 2019, there were hedging opportunities in which the tax-free spread was greater than zero. For example, on January 16th and 17th, the import profits were all around 400 yuan/ton, which was worth operating. If the refinery contract situation is that the amount of QP in February, March and April is small, totaling 34,000 tons, while the amount of QP in May is as high as 41,000 tons, then the total amount of QP in February, March and April should be bought into the LME3 March contract; Corresponding to China, SHFE2 contracts in February, March and April should sell 11,300 tons. If LME’s May date price (the third Wednesday of each month) and SHFE contract also have hedging opportunities, we can buy all or part of the May QP in LME market, and at the same time, we can choose to sell the same amount of goods on the contract with tax-free spread greater than zero in SHFE market, with the equivalent month or the active distant month as the top choice, and then adjust the monthly contract quantity evenly when the SHFE contract structure is suitable for short positions, thus solving the problem of "uneven import QP quantity". When the spot price is higher than the contract price of the month with the largest short position, the spot can be oversold and the contract of the month can be closed first, and the contract of the month can be suspended.


  It should be noted that the profit should be locked in advance by buying LME and throwing SHFE copper before QP month. Because after entering QP month, buying raw materials can only be priced according to the average settlement price of LME market spot month, it is difficult to grasp the timing of selling hedging positions in China at this time. Back to the above case, if the amount of QP in February exceeds the average, and the amount of QP in March, April and May is less, the extra amount of QP in February should be dealt with when there is an arbitrage opportunity without tax spread in January. In addition, we need to pay attention to the influence of the market structure of internal and external markets on the hedging effect.


  The fluctuation of exchange rate is of great significance to importing enterprises, and the fluctuation of RMB against the US dollar will greatly affect the profits of enterprises. Therefore, while locking the price comparison during the import profit window, we should lock the exchange rate at the same time to hedge the risk of RMB depreciation. Specific operation can choose to buy RMB/USD futures (CUS) of HKEx or RMB/USD futures (UC) of SGX, and the contract month corresponds to the domestic SHFE copper contract month.


  Let’s take the above example. For example, on January 16th, 34,000 tons of copper were bought at the LME market for $5,900/ton, with a total market value of $ 34,000× 59,000 = 2,006 million. The first-hand RMB futures of SGX were $100,000, so it was necessary to buy 2,006 lots of RMB futures, with a margin of about 2.5% and a capital of about $50 million.


  D factors affecting import profit and loss


  Judging from the formula of tax-free spread, it is easy to find that the profit and loss of imports depend on the following factors:


  First, the linkage and differentiation of the relative trend of the internal and external disk. For copper, due to the existence of a large number of cross-market hedging arbitrage positions, it is difficult for the two cities to get out of the differentiated market, and more is just the different ups and downs. Generally speaking, the trading time of Luntong copper is long, and the market leads Shanghai copper to move towards and ahead of Shanghai copper, and the fluctuation range often exceeds Shanghai copper. In this regard, we can intuitively observe with the ratio of the inner disk to the outer disk, and the increase in the ratio indicates that the increase in the inner disk is higher than that in the outer disk, and vice versa.


  For example, from the end of 2017 to the beginning of 2018, Luntong continued to rise in December, hitting a new high of $7,312.5/ton on the 28th. As shown in the figure below, the ratio of the main contract of the internal market to the closing price of LME3 at 3 pm in March shows a gradual downward trend in the first box, which means that Shanghai copper is gradually weakening relative to Luntong. During this period, the average import loss was around 600 yuan/ton. Subsequently, on January 23, 2018, Luntong fell by 2.49%, but the decline of Shanghai Copper did not follow. On the 22nd, the ratio of Shanghai Copper was 7.64, and on the 23rd, it rose sharply to 7.80, and the import profit on that day exceeded 1000 yuan/ton.


  The second is the impact of CNH exchange rate changes. Of course, the influence of Shanghai-Shanghai ratio on import profit is not absolute. From the opening in mid-June to mid-July, 2018, the import window was always closed. Judging from the basis difference between the internal and external disks at that time, they were all in a positive structure and were in a spot discount state. Yangshan copper premium remained at a high level of about $80/ton. However, from March 27th to August 15th of that year, the offshore RMB CNH depreciated from 6.2355 to 6.9583. As can be seen from the second box in the figure below, the exchange rate trend wears the Shanghai-Lun ratio, which means that the exchange rate decline far exceeds the increase of the Shanghai-Lun ratio. This factor alone can determine the state of import profit and loss, which shows the importance of exchange rate management.



图为SHFE主力与LME的3月合约收盘价



  The picture shows the closing price of the March contract between SHFE main force and LME.



图为LME库存与现货升贴水



  The picture shows LME inventory and spot discount.


  The third is the influence of the different basis structure of the inner and outer disks. On August 13-22 and August 31-September 11, 2018, two long-lasting profit windows were opened, and the highest import profit was almost equal to 1000 yuan/ton. At that time, LME went to stock by canceling warehouse receipts. On August 13th, the cancellation of warehouse receipts accounted for less than 10%, and LME’s cash-3s was greatly discounted at about $30/ton. With the opening of the import profit window, the profit-driven inventory moved to Asian warehouses. On August 31st, the proportion of cancelled warehouse receipts rose rapidly to 53%, and LME’s cash-3s discount shrank to USD 7/ton. At the same time, CNH also cooperated with the withdrawal from a relatively high level and was in a state of slight appreciation. Domestic consumption entered the peak season, and the spot premium rose to about 200 yuan/ton. At this time, the internal and external disks echo each other, and the spot market is in a rare common heat.


  Fourthly, the influence of spot copper premium in Yangshan foreign trade market. With the development of the breadth and depth of the market, the financial attribute of copper gradually fades, and the commodity attribute is increasingly enhanced. The import quantity basically reflects the rigid demand of the real economy. When the import profit expands, traders are profitable, and the import clearance volume is greatly increased, and the Yangshan copper premium rises. Therefore, the spot copper premium in foreign trade market is a dependent variable determined by the above three factors, and its own change has been difficult to affect the import profit window.



图为洋山铜溢价与进口盈亏对比



  The picture shows the comparison between Yangshan copper premium and import profit and loss.


  E market outlook and enterprise countermeasures


  In 2019, the TCbenchmark was US$ 80.8/ton, while the spot TC of copper concentrate fell all the way to below US$ 60/ton, and the price of sulfuric acid continued to fall. Some small smelters with few long-term associations have fallen below the production cost. Although the output of electrolytic copper decreased by 50,000 tons in the first half of the year, it is estimated that the crude refining capacity will increase by 800,000 tons and the refining capacity will increase by 1 million tons during the year. At the same time, due to various unexpected disturbances, woodmackenzie has predicted the negative growth of copper concentrate output. As far as the industrial chain as a whole is concerned, it is obviously bad for smelting enterprises, so it is particularly important to maintain due profits.


  At present, the global economic growth is slowing down and the trade friction is constant. On April 17th, the copper price of Luntong continued to drop from a high of 6,608.5 USD/ton to 5,740 USD/ton on June 7th. At present, with the staged achievements of the Sino-US trade agreement, Luntong has once again returned to the 6,000 USD/ton mark. From the perspective of terminal consumption, domestic automobile consumption may be in a state of bottoming out, air conditioning production is no longer strong, and cable orders are not optimistic. Superimposing the international political and economic environment that may be repeated, it is difficult for copper prices to get out of the trend of unilateral rise. The current rise is more about repairing the low volatility for a long time before.


  During the observation period, the depreciation rate of the exchange rate was slightly larger than the price comparison between the internal and external markets. Due to the weakening of downstream consumption, Yangshan copper premium fell sharply, and the import profit window was opened from time to time, but it didn’t last long and the profit margin was limited. Therefore, for smelting enterprises, it is more important to grasp the nodes that the profit window opens every time and rationally arrange the positions that need to be preserved.

(Editor: Zhao Peng)