We will continue to introduce regulations to regulate the management of non-staff personnel in government agencies and institutions.

　　According to China Organization, in order to standardize the management of supernumerary employees in government agencies and institutions, Yan ‘an City, Shaanxi Province issued the Management Measures for supernumerary employees in government agencies and institutions in Yan ‘an. The rights and obligations of the employing unit and the supernumerary employees are defined from the aspects of the scope of application, total amount verification, employment procedures, personnel management and salary system.

　　The above-mentioned measures formulated by Yan’ an City make it clear that non-staff employees are not allowed to be employed in key positions such as civil servants (including staff in civil service law management institutions), important confidential positions, administrative law enforcement positions and personnel finance. Institutions in operational income generally do not approve supernumerary employees with financial burden. If there are vacancies and supernumerary staff can guarantee the work, supernumerary staff will not be approved. Logistics services such as security, sanitation, maintenance, landscaping, vehicle driving, etc. shall be socialized and marketized, and labor services shall be outsourced, and no supernumerary employees shall be approved.

　　Yan’ an City has also defined the requirement of "controlling the total amount" for the management of non-staff personnel in government agencies and institutions: the total amount of non-staff employees at the municipal level shall be applied for by the employer for employment plan, which shall be reviewed by the competent department in the first instance, reviewed and summarized by the Municipal Party Committee and submitted to the editorial board of the Municipal Party Committee for approval before implementation. The total number of non-staff employees shall be managed dynamically and reviewed and adjusted regularly.

　　In terms of funds, Yan ‘an City has made it clear that the average salary standard of non-staff employees should be controlled within 2,800 yuan/month, and all social insurance expenses should be based on 60% of the average monthly salary of employees in urban units in the previous year. The expenses required for non-staff personnel are included in the financial budget.

　　Recently, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province also issued the Measures for the Administration of Non-staff Employment in Xuzhou Municipal Organs and Institutions.

　　The first of the four principles listed by Xuzhou is "strict control and quota management": municipal organs and institutions should strengthen their ability to perform their duties, and the existing staff can ensure the normal work, and no supernumerary employment is allowed. The existing establishment is really difficult to meet the needs of the work of the unit, and the quota must be approved according to the prescribed procedures. After the quota is declared and approved, supernumerary employment can be used.

　　Xuzhou stipulates that municipal government agencies and institutions should check the quota and adjust it dynamically when using supernumerary labor. According to the responsibilities and tasks of the employing unit, the existing staffing structure and personnel situation, the quota of supernumerary employment is controlled within 15% of the approved staffing of the unit in principle. Institutions and institutions with a high proportion of existing non-staff personnel may be reduced in proportion according to the number of existing non-staff personnel. Municipal organs and institutions with financial difficulties, frozen staffing, overstaffing and no supernumerary employment shall not approve the quota in principle. Employers with weakened functions and irregular management will dynamically reduce the quota of supernumerary employment.

　　The "Implementation Measures for the Management of Non-staff Temporary Employees in Municipal Organs and Institutions (Trial)" recently issued by Ankang City, Shaanxi Province mentioned that Ankang City has established a joint meeting system for the management of non-staff temporary employees in municipal organs and institutions, which is composed of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, organization, preparation, auditing, finance, human society and other departments.

　　Ankang City also made it clear that, except for high-level talents introduced by policies, no supernumerary temporary employees shall be used for positions of government civil servants (including staff of civil service management institutions); Important confidential positions, administrative law enforcement positions and key positions such as personnel and finance are not allowed to use supernumerary temporary employees.

　　At the county level, some places have made it clear that the total number of non-staff personnel is "only reduced, not increased".

　　For example, according to the website of the Office of the Organizational Establishment Committee of Anhui Provincial Party Committee, in recent days, in order to standardize the management of supernumerary personnel, Feixi County of Hefei City has continuously launched a series of new measures from personnel entrance to assessment and supervision to effectively improve the management efficiency of supernumerary personnel.

　　Feixi County clearly and strictly controls the entrance: the county follows the principles of "total control, approved use, open selection, contractual agreement and dynamic adjustment", and the organization establishment department conducts saturation assessment on all applications for non-staff personnel to ensure that the total number of non-staff personnel "only decreases without increasing". It is understood that this task has been incorporated into the node platform of the county. Since the beginning of this year, non-staff personnel have achieved zero growth.

　　Yuhua District of Changsha City has also made it clear that according to the principle of "keeping things but not keeping people", we will adopt the method of "standardizing a batch and transforming (digesting) a batch" to orderly promote the cleaning of supernumerary personnel in patrol, co-management, landscaping and logistics service support, and gradually realize the digestion and streamlining of supernumerary personnel through merit-based transcription and government purchase of services. Since 2019, Yuhua District has recovered and transferred 70 employees’ real-name management personnel, and digested 130 non-staff personnel through government purchase services, streamlining by nearly 5%.

　　According to The Paper’s previous report, Chuxiong in Yunnan, Huizhou in Guangdong and Shiyan in Hubei are further standardizing the management of supernumerary employees, and a number of management measures have been put in place one after another.

After repeated exposure by the media, "naked loan" has entered the field of vision of more and more people. Xiao Jing (a pseudonym), a sophomore girl in a vocational school in Hefei, borrowed money to spend money with her boyfriend through "naked loan" and ended up in a quagmire. The principal borrowed for personal use is less than 50,000 yuan, less than one year, and the loan principal owed has reached 300,000 yuan, and the total principal and interest is more than 500,000 yuan. After he couldn’t afford the money, his photo of naked ID card was exposed to the Internet, and his family’s phone calls were also blasted by debt collection calls. As a last resort, the family is selling the only house for repayment while calling the police.

Event: Girls spend a lot of money on boyfriends, nude photos mortgage high-interest loans.

Some time ago, a netizen broke the news on Weibo, saying that Xiao Jing, a sophomore girl in a vocational college in Hefei, had been missing for a week on the grounds that she only loved the investment in cold light whitening instruments, mortgaged her nude photos and forged her father’s guarantee, defrauding and absconding with money. At present, there have been many victims of fraud. Weibo Middle School also exposed the photos of girls with "naked" ID cards, and their home address, school dormitory address, major, contact information of parents, school teachers and even classmates were all announced one by one, and Weibo immediately caused an uproar.

According to the contact information in the picture, the reporter contacted Xiao Jing’s father, Zhang Xu (a pseudonym). He told the reporter that Weibo’s disclosure was false except that his daughter forged her own guarantee. "She did owe a lot of money outside, but she didn’t cheat." Zhang Xu told reporters that her daughter had a boyfriend in her freshman year without telling her family, which cost a lot and her family was average. When she had no money, she borrowed money through the online lending platform by means of "naked loan", and the principal was as high as 300,000 yuan. There were as many as 59 online lending platforms and lenders who had "loans" with her. "Most of this 300,000 yuan is not borrowed, but borrowed to repay the debts owed in the previous period. In this way, robbing Peter to pay Paul, resulting in more and more debts. The real money she borrowed for her own use was almost less than 50,000 yuan, and the result was less than one year. Now the total principal and interest is more than 500,000 yuan. " Zhang Xu told reporters that the weekly interest rate of her daughter’s "naked loan" loan is as high as 3 points, and "the interest of 10,000 yuan a week is as high as 3,000 yuan."

Multiple creditors are not allowed to spread their photos and other privacy when collecting debts.

Xiao Jing first borrowed money through "campus loan". Later, the more money he borrowed, the less he could pay, so he had to use the naked loan to "borrow and support the loan". Through her father, she stressed to reporters that these so-called "victims" who claimed to cheat money were not their own so-called partners, but all lenders. They exposed their photos online in order to force her to pay off her debts.

In fact, after Xiaojing’s overdue payment, the object of the lender’s forced debt has spread to people around her. Some lenders exposed her information in the post bar of Xiaojing’s school, and even sent false messages to her classmates. Even those who have contacted her in the last three months have received these false information. In addition to Xiao Jing, the lives of Zhang Xu and other family members were also "disturbed" by the phone calls of the debtors. "On average, more than 30 dunning calls can be received every day, and there are 15 at least one day." Zhang Xu said. "Now that things have gone out, my daughter is under great pressure. I am now in contact with these lenders to see if I can repay the principal first and then compensate some interest. " Zhang Xu said that most lenders are better. "There are six or seven lenders who are not very talkative. They posted photos of my daughter on Weibo, and rumors that she lost contact after fraud are also among them." Zhang Xu said, "My daughter is still wet behind the ears, and she realizes that she has made a mistake. What I can do now is to minimize the impact of these photos on her future life. Give her another chance. "

Father is going to sell the house to pay off debts and has reported to the police station.

Zhang Xu works as a driver in a private enterprise, earning more than 4,000 yuan a month. His wife charges in the local vegetable market, and he gets more than 1,000 yuan a month. There is also a young son who has just entered the fifth grade at home, and his life is already difficult. In order to pay back the money, he began to borrow money, and he begged his colleagues, neighbors, relatives and friends all over again. Because of the high interest rate, the debt is still snowballing. In desperation, Zhang Xu decided to sell the house she lived in online. "How can a normal family sell the only house? The current economic situation of our family is really collapsed. " He said.

At present, Mr. Zhang has reported to the police station in the jurisdiction that his daughter’s photo was exposed to the Internet by the other party, and the police are investigating the matter.

In the interview, Zhang Xu told reporters that around her daughter, this kind of campus loan in the form of "naked loan" is very rampant. "In a very well-known 211 university in Anhui, a student used to borrow money through’ naked loan’, and the principal and interest were more than 100,000 yuan. Later, it was not available, and the family knew it. I tried to pay her back. At present, she is lending money to others, and my daughter has borrowed money from her. "

Zhang Xu told reporters that after contacting the lender, "she is also a good person, and for the sake of conscience, she reduced part of my daughter’s debt."

Zhang Xu said that the harm of "naked loan" is very far-reaching. The reason why he stood up for an interview with reporters was to warn other students in the society, including their parents, to recognize the true face of this "campus loan" and not to be deceived again. "As parents, it is especially important to supervise their children’s behavior on campus and their financial situation. Educate children to be diligent and frugal, and spend according to their abilities. " Zhang Xu hopes that there will be fewer victims like her daughter in the future.

Statement: operating campus loans without a license violates the crime of illegal business.

Lawyer Zhu Zheng of Anhui Zhongtianheng Law Firm told reporters that they have also seen this kind of rights protection case in which private photos were leaked on the Internet due to "naked loan", and the final result was that the lender was convicted for spreading obscene articles. According to Zhu Zheng, if "campus loan" is not individual and sporadic, but organized and large-scale normal lending, it belongs to the category of lending business. If there is no relevant license, it may violate the crime of illegal business in the Criminal Law. According to its introduction, on August 24th this year, four ministries and commissions, namely China Banking Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security and Network Information Office, officially issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Business Activities of Information Intermediaries in peer-to-peer lending, which will definitely have a strong regulatory and governance effect on online loans such as campus loans. At present, the status quo is that after the introduction of this method, many campus loan business forms have changed from the legal situation to being directly characterized as illegal. "Many campus loans have disappeared."

(The original title is "Naked Debit", and the nude photos of sophomores are exposed.)

　　[Global Times Comprehensive Report] "Nearly 15% of Irish adults have been raped, and one-third of them have experienced some form of sexual violence." A recent study in Ireland is surprising. According to a report in the Irish Times on the 25th, the survey on the probability of sexual violence in Ireland analyzed the data of 1,020 voluntary respondents. The definition of rape in this study mainly refers to the behavior of the perpetrator’s genitals entering the victim’s vagina, anus or mouth. The study found that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men had been raped, and about 31% Irish adults said they had been sexually harassed to varying degrees.

　　At the same time, there is a significant gender gap between the victims. The results show that 49% of women have been sexually assaulted or harassed, while the probability of male victims is 19%. Among the interviewees who have experienced sexual violence, about 8.5% said that sexual assault occurred in childhood, 15.8% in adolescence and 16.7% in adulthood. (He Shan)

1905 movie network news The daughter of a senior musician died of a rare disease in 2021 at the age of 22. After his daughter died of illness, Bao Xiaobai became bald overnight because of the pain. In order to reunite with his daughter across time and space, in 2022, he began to study for a doctoral degree and study the AI ? ? reconstruction heritage technology.

The emergence of ChatGPT has set off a global AI wave. After repeated attempts and training, Bao Xiaobai recreated the "digital daughter" as he wished. Bao Xiaobai successfully restored her daughter’s voice by using three dialogues left by her daughter before her death.

Bao Xiaobai said in an interview that a family of three sang a birthday song together on his wife’s birthday a few days ago. "AI is a tool for pinning thoughts and an expression of thoughts."　He admits that although some people may not understand his approach, it is a simple wish for him: to hear his daughter’s voice again and to preserve her perfect image and voice in the digital world.

Bao Xiaobai’s "resurrection" of his beloved daughter with AI can’t help but remind people of the movie, in which Tu Hengyu, a quantum scientist whose daughter Yaya was resurrected with "digital life", which just shows the meaning of "digital life": crossing life and death and reliving family ties.

In the spring and autumn period, only the poetic heart lasts forever;

Heaven and earth have always set out for dreams.

　　In the spring festival, thousands of families are reunited, and the annual poetic feast comes as scheduled.The "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference" will be premiered at 20: 00 on CCTV-1, the Central Radio and Television General Station, and broadcast at 21:40 the next day on CCTV-10.

　　Unveiled with "joy" and headed for "far away".Ten Hot Topics in "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference""joy, taste, burning, cold and heat, sir, nature, heart, the world, ten years, far away"Bloom the warm poetry through the cold winter, light up thousands of lights with deep feelings of home and country, and bring beautiful expectations and ardent expectations for the New Year.

Poetry Heart+People’s Heart: Open the door to hold the conference and bloom the Chinese style.

　　The 2023 Chinese Poetry Conference adheres to the people-centered creative orientation.Focus on the ordinary people, focus on how poetry reflects the present life, how to map thousands of hearts, unite the consensus of the times, and inspire unity and struggle, tell the true story of the public’s "attachment to poetry", inherit and carry forward China’s excellent traditional culture with the beauty of poetry, and see the weather in life and the spirit in the ordinary.

　　The Hundred-member Regiment was updated and upgraded again.

　　The "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference" updated the four regiments.The family group was upgraded to a group of friends and relatives, and more poets who became attached to poetry were invited to join hands, making the intense competition a carnival for national poets to learn skills. From the professional point of view, covering all kinds of industries is a poetic tour of contemporary China professionalism; From the age of participation, children as young as 6 years old and elders as old as 90 years old cover all stages of life. There are vivid scenes of 10-year-old "old players" returning to the stage with their 6-year-old brothers, and there are also anniversary oilfield workers who have changed from "opponents" to "poetry friends"; There are physical education teachers who take students to learn poetry, and foreign cute brothers and sisters who speak Chinese as fluently as their mother tongue.

　　

　　Non-legacy skills show the artistic conception of poetry

　　Eighteen folk presenters will bring creative poetic mood to the 2023 Chinese Poetry Conference with exquisite craftsmanship, including batik, iron-stamping, glass burning and other intangible skills, as well as pancake flowers, ground painting, wool felt and other grounded talent shows, which can be called a wonderful journey of superb skills and wonderful poetry.

Classical+Fashion: Seeing Poetry Meet Life Surprise

　　The "Use" of Innovative Poetry in 2023 Chinese Poetry Conference,Let creativity and poetry collide with each other in the hot life. A series of creative topics full of the sense of the times, building a bridge between poetry and life, makes people lament that poetry can still be so "used".

　　Never seen a fancy "poetry application problem"

　　Astronaut Liu Yang sent an invitation from space, asking everyone to match the photos she took when she left the cabin with two poems; Su Yiming, the champion of the Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022, brought a newly developed skiing action, which is short of a name with poetic charm; Have you ever heard of poetry with goods? Returned entrepreneurial college students from Keyou Qianqi, Inner Mongolia, presented a topic in "Yunzhong", and invited two teams of players to bring goods for rice that was not well-known in their hometown with poetic elements.

　　A more grounded "poem in painting" is coming.

　　In the "Poems in Paintings" session of Kang Zhen, a teacher who is deeply loved by the audience, this year, the poetic application in life was particularly emphasized. T-shirts, canvas bags, four-sided lights, placemats and other daily necessities have all become clever canvases for displaying poems. At the same time, Mr. Kang Zhen will draw the key elements of each issue in advance, and invite the national TV audience to draw along.

Thought+art+technology:

Go on a poetic date that spans time and space

　　The 2023 Chinese Poetry Conference adheres to the innovative idea of "thought+art+technology".Using XR, VR and other scientific and technological means to break through the boundaries of time and space, and taking poetry as the medium, we will create an immersive experience field of China’s excellent traditional culture for the audience, and take everyone to the poetic event that spans time and space.

　　Enjoy the prosperous weather

　　Around "Are you curious about dim sum in the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty", the host led the guest teacher to "cross" to Astana, Xinjiang in the Tang Dynasty to see how four chefs in the Western Regions made dim sum at that time. Live people restore the "Fugui Sui Chao Tu" to see how the children of the Qing Dynasty celebrated the New Year. Set up the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival on the stage to see the prosperity of Gyeonggi in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the guests will take you to taste the snacks of Bianjing Road. There is also a whole audience "crossing" to Zhang Heng’s side. Under the guidance of this astronomer in the Han Dynasty, they "looked up at the universe", pointed out the starry sky and predicted the universe.

　　Dialogue with literary giants

　　On the stage of "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference", a holographic virtual character based on ancient books and digital technology — — The great writer Su Shi made his debut.According to the model file, the designer endowed the digital figure with skeleton and expression system, and at the same time connected the motion capture system to make Mr. Dongpo move. As a representative of ancient literati with high popularity on the Internet, what kind of sparks will generate have when the charming Su Shi comes to the poetry conference? What kind of problems did he leave for the players on the field when he became the title officer? How will the commentators and hosts interact with Su Shi?

　　Grab the fun and do it.

　　The "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference" is innovative in the integration and communication."New Media+Wenchuang" makes the program more energetic. In addition to introducing the adjoint on the new media sideSynchronous answering questions, "Wonderful Town of Poetry" and "Instrument Score of Poetry"And other diversified H5 products, "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference" combines brand advantages to create a digital collection for the first time, locking in the great writer "Su Shi" to develop interesting hands, and let poetry come to every audience who loves poetry.

　　With the addition of high technology, the dance beauty of "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference" has taken on a new look.Enhance the use of stage machinery to realize opening, closing, lifting, rotation and other movements; Encircling rhythm screen, creating a beautiful artistic conception of Ruo Xu; Focus on upgrading the virtual technology of the three-dimensional cableway camera to truly realize the 360-degree immersive visual experience without dead ends; 5G communication technology and multi-person connection system realize the synchronous answering, voting and communication functions of thousands of people in the "cloud" and realize real-time national poetry interaction.

　　The Spring Festival is accompanied by poetry. "2023 Chinese Poetry Conference" is another poetic bloom to embrace the great era with culture, and it is another departure to praise life and hope with poetry. What kind of the most beautiful poetry will she present? Let’s wait and see.

Judging from the origin of the story and folklore, the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not a model of positive love story. Only under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day, many people call Tanabata the ancient Valentine’s Day in China because of the story of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl Meeting". The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with being selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools for a long time.

Special Stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Meet at the Magpie Bridge"

Ancient origin: Cowherd and Weaver Girl are all negative images.

Limited by the underdevelopment of science and technology, in the eyes of the ancients, the sky is supreme and the stars are personalized. The stars in the vast universe have also become gods with personality consciousness, worshipped and believed. Vega has always been personified as the image of "Bai Fu Mei". "Historical Records Tianguan Book": "Weaver Girl, Goddess Sun Ye." "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicle of Heaven": "Weaver girl, the son of heaven is a true girl." The Samsung across the Milky Way from Vega is called River Drum Star. The three stars of the river drum are arranged in a straight line, and the middle one is extremely bright. The whole image is like a cowherd carrying a son and a daughter, so the people are also called the shoulder pole star, which is more like a cow. Therefore, it was later equated with Petunia, such as "Er Ya Shi Tian": "The North Pole is called Beichen, and the drum is called Petunia."

stellar map

The origin of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. In The Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong, it is said: "There is a Han in Wei Tian, and there is light in prison. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Even though the weaver girl is busy, she doesn’t weave a good Stripe. Give him a cow, not a box. " Among them, there are records about the Weaver Girl and the Petunia Stars, which have always been regarded as the germination and embryo of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. The images of "Weaver Girl" and "Petunia" in the poem are quite negative: Weaver Girl doesn’t weave, Petunia doesn’t drive, and emphasizes that Petunia and Weaver Girl are in name only, thus satirizing the behavior of nobles in the Western Zhou Dynasty who get something for nothing.

The further clarification of the relationship between the legend of Niu Nv and Qixi in the Han Dynasty is inevitably related to the advocacy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to train the water army, Kunming Pool was dug in Doumen, Chang ‘an. On both sides of the pool, there are statues of cowherd and weaver girl, and Kunming pool is used to symbolize Tianhe. Ban Gu’s "Xidu Fu" "There are two stone people in Kunming Pool, who are like cows and weaver girls." During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the two stars were further personified, and there was an unfortunate plot of the marriage of the Weaver Girl. Nineteen Ancient Poems in the Han Dynasty wrote: "The Altair is far away, and the Jiaojiao River is a Chinese woman. ….. The river is clear and shallow. How much difference does it make? Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse is speechless. " By the time of Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties, Yin Yun wrote the first complete version of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in the Novel, "There is a Weaver Girl in the east of Tianhe, and the son of the Emperor of Heaven is also there. Every year, the loom labors, weaving into a brocade dress, and the appearance is too messy. The emperor pitied him for being alone and promised to marry a cowherd in Hexi. After marriage, he abandoned weaving. The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered to return to Hedong, but it was held once a year. " The story explains the tragedy of their marriage, and the annual meeting has become a model of faithful love.

However, according to the text data of Yunmeng Qin Bamboo Slips unearthed in Hubei, the original prototype of the touching love story between Cowherd and Weaver, the daughter of Tiandi, is the marriage tragedy that Cowherd abandoned Weaver many times. "Wu Shen, Ji You, pulling the cow to take the weaver girl, failing, three abandonment." "Wu Shen, Ji You, pull the cow to take the weaver girl and fail. If you are not three years old, you will abandon it." Different from the legend of later generations, their separation was not caused by external interference, but by the man’s change of heart. People look up at the starry sky, and two bright stars twinkle on both sides of Tianhe, so they imagine that these two stars may be a couple. The husband abandoned his wife, and the wife looked at the "ungrateful person" on the other side of Tianhe affectionately. Why does the separation of Altair and Vega in the sky become a symbol of the tragedy of marriage between men and women on earth? Looking through the Book of Songs, we will find some social tragedies that reflect the change of heart of men and the abandonment of their wives in a patriarchal society, such as Ye Feng Gu Feng, which "turns an Jiang Le to a woman" and "turns an Jiang Le to a legacy"; "Wei Feng for self-protection", "the banquet of the general angle, laughing and laughing, swearing, not thinking about the opposite."

　

Folklore: It is a helpless move for the weaver girl to marry the cowherd.

The embryonic form of the myth of "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" was established in the Han Dynasty, and the myth of Cowherd and Weaver Girl was widely spread among the people through the rendering of scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the story plot and characters have been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the family system has become more stringent, and the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has also incorporated these elements.

In quite a few versions, the combination of Cowherd and Weaver Girl is not the true love that most people know now. Cowherd was able to cross the family line and marry the "Bai Fumei" Weaver Girl, which was caused by stealing the fairy clothes under the guidance of the old cow. After marriage, Weaver Girl mostly managed to get the fairy clothes back and escape from the world. There are 18 articles in China Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl and Folk Literature Volume edited by Chen Yongchao.

Various versions of the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before the founding of the People’s Republic of China

Legend of China Cowherd and Weaver Girl

These stories often use words such as "had to" and "forced" when describing the marriage of the Weaver Girl to the Cowherd. For example, it is most clearly expressed in The Silly Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, which is circulated in Shijiazhuang. "The Silly Cowherd is in a hurry and says that the Weaver Girl doesn’t love the same flesh and blood, and she is absolutely heartless. Weaver girl even cursed the silly cowherd:’ You are not a thing! Who told you to take my clothes and force me to get married! You have harmed me and a pair of children, which are all your sins!’ "It can be seen that the combination of the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd is out of helplessness. It is in the case that the Weaver Girl was stolen from the fairy clothes and could not return to heaven, and the Cowherd saw the body, so she had to stay on earth and marry the Cowherd. They originally lacked the emotional foundation of mutual consent, which laid a hidden danger for the Weaver Girl to escape to the sky and their marriage broke down.

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Stealing Clothes and Becoming Attached"

There is also a plot worthy of attention in many stories, that is, the plot of Niu Lang’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife". This just proves that the weaver girl has no love for the cowherd, and she was forced to marry and have children with the cowherd-the fairy clothes were hidden. There are 20 articles in "The Legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in China Folk Literature Volume" that contain the plot of "hiding clothes to prevent wives". Cowherd’s attitude towards Weaver Girl is more than guarding against theft. He took the initiative, or listened to the old cow’s instructions, and hid the fairy clothes of Weaver Girl in a secret place to prevent her from escaping. Cowherd’s "hiding clothes to prevent his wife" comes first, which has become an important prerequisite for the weaver girl to abandon her husband and children and flee to heaven. For example, in "Meet at the Que Bridge" written by Panshi, Jilin Province, "The Cowherd carries the Weaver Girl on his back and buries her long-sleeved shirt under the stone beside the door". This precaution even lasts into the daily life after marriage. In The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in Shijiazhuang, the Cowherd "guards the Weaver Girl in the dark, always afraid that she will run back to the sky".

Stories of hiding clothes and defending wives in many versions

Judging from the existing literature, the earliest literature record about drawing a river was also drawn by Weaver Girl. Gong Mingzhi’s "Notes on the Middle Wu Dynasty" in the Song Dynasty: "Kunshan County is east, and the place name is Huanggu. From father to father, it is said that there is a weaver girl and Altair descended here. The weaver girl rowed the river with a golden grate, and the river overflowed, so the petunia could not cross it. "

Special stamp "Cowherd and Weaver Girl-Chasing Wife with a Burden"

The pursuit of free love is the theme after the transformation.

In fact, the image change of the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is the result of the continuous transformation of myths and legends by national emotions, and the elements of the times are constantly added. This has always been the case since ancient times. The version we are familiar with at present is more the result of the transformation of operas such as Tianhe Pei after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which has established the theme of labor, love and anti-feudalism. Cowherd became the representative of working people’s image, Weaver girl became the representative of pursuing free love, and Queen Mother became the representative of feudal parents.

The legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl has now become a well-known love legend, which has something to do with its long-term selection in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools.The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was first selected as a middle school Chinese textbook in 1955, and was personally adapted from folklore by Mr. Ye Shengtao, then president of People’s Education Publishing House. The adapted legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl still retains the original story form of swan virgin, fairy ordinary man and two brothers in structure, but it has made great changes in thought. The most important change is to eliminate the negative images of Cowherd and Weaver Girl, and to highlight the persecution of young men and women by the old ethics and the old system. The story implies the persecution of lovers by feudal paternalism "parents’ orders, matchmakers’ words", and the persecution of cowherd by feudal hierarchy (the fairy is different) and patriarchal clan system (the old and the young are orderly).

These reservations and adaptations are reflected in the content. The reserved plot includes the persecution of Cowherd by his brother and sister-in-law. "My brother and sister-in-law treated him badly, told him to eat leftovers, wear rags and sleep in the cowshed at night." The plot of returning clothes is an important part of changing the nature of the story. Cowherd not only did not hide his clothes, but also refused to return them. When the Cowherd heard the Weaver Girl ask where the clothes were, he also took the initiative to return the gauze clothes to him. "When the Cowherd heard this, he came out of the Woods and held the gauze clothes in his hands and said,’ Don’t worry, girl, your clothes are here’" … After listening to the Weaver Girl’s words, the Cowherd said,’ Girl, since there is nothing good in the sky, you don’t have to go back. You can work, and I can work. Let’s get married and live together for life. " The weaver girl thought for a moment and said,’ You are right. Let’s get married and live together.’ "In this case, the Weaver Girl took the initiative to stay, belonging to two people with emotional foundation. As for this version of the Queen Mother, it is completely the image of a vicious old lady. "She went to the Cowherd’s house in person, and it happened that Cowherd was working in the field, so she grabbed the Weaver Girl and walked out. Seeing the old woman angrily pulling her mother away, the Weaver Girl boy ran to hold her clothes. The Queen Mother gave a hard push and the child fell to the ground. "

The Images of Cowherd, Weaver Girl and Queen Mother in Comic Books

Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, most people learned and passed on the legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl by word of mouth, so the versions had different themes. Nowadays, most people know the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl through written texts, mostly based on the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl adapted by Ye Shengtao in Chinese textbooks, which is an important factor affecting people’s cognition of the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Ye Shengtao’s adaptation could have been accepted by the public, which met the social needs of abolishing the old ethics and pursuing equality, especially the pursuit of free love after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and also satisfied the people’s long-hidden dream of a fairy.

Today, customs such as "begging for cleverness" on Qixi, which is closely related to ancient needlework, have lost their original soil. The beautified fairy tale of the meeting between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is still widely circulated. These make modern people make a wrong judgment-Qixi is an ancient Valentine’s Day. In today’s Chinese Valentine’s Day, merchants take the opportunity to engage in promotion, and the media will not hesitate to report on the layout; On the other hand, matchmaking agencies took the opportunity to engage in friendship, and even local women’s organizations joined the team of friendship matchmaking for fear of being left behind. The reason for this situation is that I don’t know the original custom of Tanabata and the original story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl. The reason is probably a series of phenomena caused by contemporary commerce under the influence of Western Valentine’s Day. Have you noticed that even Christmas Eve and Christmas in the west are packaged by China businessmen as the day when men and women meet?

References:

Zhou Yuxian: Inheritance and Evolution of Cowherd and Weaver Girl Literature in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Capital Normal University, March 2009.

Li Chao: Another Probe into the Image of the Weaver Girl —— On the Negative Image of the Weaver Girl in the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Story, Folk Culture Forum, August 2012.

Qi Lingyun: Gender Conflict and Discourse Power —— On the Evolution of the Legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl before and after the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Folklore Research, No.5, 2014.

Jing Huan Fa [2023] No.18

All relevant units:

　　In order to thoroughly implement the Opinions of General Office of the State Council on Further Standardizing the Establishment and Management of Administrative Discretion Benchmarks (Guo Ban Fa [2022] No.27) and the Implementation Opinions of Beijing Leading Group Office for Promoting Administration by Law on Further Standardizing the Establishment and Management of Administrative Discretion Benchmarks (Jing Yi Administration Fa [2023] No.4), and standardize the implementation of the administrative licensing discretion benchmark system, According to the Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment and other laws and regulations, and in combination with the actual work of environmental impact assessment supervision in this Municipality, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment has studied and formulated the Benchmark of Beijing General Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Approval Discretion, which is hereby issued.

　　One,The eco-environmental departments of all districts (including the Administrative Examination and Approval Bureau of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone), as well as the Management Committee of Beijing City Sub-center and the Management Committee of Beijing Daxing International Airport Airport Airport Economic Zone (Daxing), which undertake the responsibility of environmental impact assessment and approval, may refer to the relevant requirements of this notice to examine and approve the environmental impact assessment documents of construction projects.

　　Second,This notice shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and the Notice of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment on Standardizing the Examination and Approval Items of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects (Jing Huan Fa [2021] No.11) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　I hereby inform you.

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Ecological Environment　　　　

November 17, 2023　　

Benchmark of Beijing General Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Approval Discretion

　　I. Basic elements

　　1. Name of administrative licensing item: environmental impact assessment and approval of general construction projects.

　　Step 2 Set the basis

　　(1) Article 19 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law

　　(2) Article 3 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　(3) Article 19 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law

　　(4) Article 18 of the Air Pollution Prevention Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　(5) Article 18 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution.

　　(6) Article 17 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste.

　　(7) Article 24 of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Noise Pollution Prevention Law.

　　(8) Article 6 of Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects

　　3. Exercise hierarchy

　　The basis for the division of authority at the municipal and district levels:

　　(1) Decision of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Exercising Part of Administrative Power and Handling Part of Public Services by the Management Committee of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone (Beijing Zhengfa [2019] No.23)

　　(2) Decision of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on the Administration Committee of Airport Economic Zone (Daxing) of Beijing Daxing International Airport and relevant departments of Daxing District Government to exercise some administrative powers to handle some public service matters (J.F.F. [2020] No.22).

　　(3) Decision of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on the exercise of a number of municipal administrative powers by some key functional area management agencies and relevant departments of the district government (No.27 [2021] of Beijing Municipality)

　　(4) Catalogue of Construction Projects under the Management Authority of Environmental Impact Assessment Documents of Beijing Bureau of Ecology and Environment (2022 edition) (Notice No.7 of Beijing Bureau of Ecology and Environment, 2022)

　　(5) Decision of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on the exercise of a number of municipal administrative powers by some key functional area management agencies and relevant departments of the district government (Beijing Zhengfa [2023] No.4)

　　Second, the licensing conditions

　　1. The type of construction project and its location, layout and scale are in compliance with environmental protection laws and regulations and relevant statutory plans;

　　2. If the environmental quality of the region does not meet the national or local environmental quality standards, the measures to be taken by the construction project can meet the requirements of regional environmental quality improvement target management;

　　3. The pollution prevention measures adopted by the construction project can ensure that the pollutant discharge reaches the national and local discharge standards, and take necessary measures to prevent and control ecological damage;

　　4 renovation, expansion and technical transformation projects put forward effective prevention and control measures for the original environmental pollution and ecological damage of the project;

　　5. The basic data of the environmental impact report and the environmental impact report form of the construction project are true, and there are no major defects or omissions in the content, and the conclusion of the environmental impact assessment is clear and reasonable;

　　6. The construction project conforms to the industrial policies of the state and this Municipality and the requirements related to cleaner production, and the industrial construction project adopts cleaner production technology with less energy and material consumption and less pollution, and makes rational use of natural resources;

　　7. Construction projects take measures to control the discharge of major pollutants, and the discharge of pollutants meets the requirements of the state and this Municipality for total pollutant control.

　　Third, the application materials

　　1. Application for approval of environmental impact assessment documents of construction projects;

　　2 construction project environmental impact report (table);

　　3 on the construction project environmental impact assessment documents to delete the information should not be disclosed;

　　4. Description of public participation (environmental impact statement project);

　　5. Complete environmental impact report (form) (publicity draft);

　　6. Letter of Commitment for Informing Environmental Impact Assessment (Informing the project for approval).

　　Iv. Intermediary service (optional)

　　1. Name of intermediary service: preparation of environmental impact report of construction project (table)

　　2. Set the basis for intermediary services

　　(1) Article 19 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　(2) Article 13 of Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects

　　3. Agency providing intermediary services: technical unit of environmental impact assessment.

　　4. The charging nature of intermediary services: operating service charges (market-adjusted prices).

　　V. Examination and approval procedures

　　1. The applicant’s application;

　　2. Acceptance/rejection by the examination and approval authority;

　　3. Accepting publicity;

　　4. Technical assessment (carried out in some cases);

　　5. On-site inspection (carried out in some cases);

　　6. Examination by the examination and approval authority;

　　7. To review the publicity;

　　8. Hearing (in some cases);

　　9. Approval/disapproval by the examination and approval authority;

　　10. Announcement of approval decision.

　　VI. Time limit for examination and approval

　　1. Time limit for acceptance: 1 working day.

　　2. Legal time limit for examination and approval: 60 working days for the environmental impact report and 30 working days for the environmental impact report form.

　　3. Time limit for commitment approval: 29 working days for environmental impact report and 14 working days for environmental impact report form.

　　VII. Charges

　　Is there any charge for handling administrative license? No.

　　Eight, license

　　1. Name of approval result: approval document of environmental impact report (form) of construction project.

　　2. Validity period of examination and approval results: long term (projects that have not started construction for five years need to be re-examined).

　　3. Do you need to go through the formalities for changing the approval result? No.

　　4. Do you need to go through the formalities for renewal of approval results? No.

　　IX. Quantitative restrictions

　　without

　　X. Annual Inspection Report

　　1. Is there any annual inspection requirement: None.

　　2. Is there an annual report requirement: None.

　　XI. Inadmissibility

　　1. Conditions of inadmissibility

　　(1) If the application does not need to obtain an administrative license according to law, it shall immediately inform the applicant that it will not be accepted;

　　(2) If the application matters do not fall within the scope of functions and powers of the administrative organ according to law, it shall immediately make a decision not to accept it, and inform the applicant to apply to the relevant administrative organ.

　　2. Inadmissible implementation procedures

　　Issue a written certificate of inadmissibility stamped with the special seal of the ecological environment department and dated.

　　XII. Others

　　Other aspects of environmental impact assessment and approval of general construction projects involving administrative licensing shall be implemented in accordance with the Administrative Licensing Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

CCTV News:Recently, many tourists from China said that they bought fake jadeite in Myanmar. Some tourists said that the green color on the jadeite they bought faded for about half a year, and some black spots appeared. Others said that the jadeite bought in Myanmar was found to be filled and dyed when it came back to China for identification. The problem jadeites bought by these tourists all come from the Jiaowan Jade Market in Mandalay, a city in central Myanmar. So what kind of secrets are hidden behind these problematic jade products? CCTV reporters launched an investigation.

　

Myanmar Jiaowan Emerald Market

With the problem jadeite provided by consumers, the reporter came to Mandalay, the second largest city in Myanmar, which is also the nearest central city to Pagan mining area, the main producing area of jadeite. Kyauk Wan Market, the largest jadeite market in Myanmar, is located here. As early as more than 50 years ago, Jiaowan Jade Market was a distribution center for jade trading, but it was not until 2000 that a formal market was built. After continuous development, there were more than 1,700 booths for jade trading, and it was still expanding to surrounding areas. At the same time, this market is gradually strengthening supervision, especially the investigation and punishment of counterfeiting and selling fakes.

Wu Danwen, Chairman of the Management Committee of Jiaowan Emerald Market in Mandalay, Myanmar: There is a market supervision committee in Jiaowan Market, and police are deployed in this market. They patrol twice in Jiaowan every morning and twice in the afternoon to reduce the occurrence of fake sales through inspections.

In the interview, the reporter found that many businesses in the market have indicated that they attach great importance to credibility in their operations and have adopted various ways to prevent counterfeit goods. Since the management and merchants have taken many measures to prevent counterfeit jadeite from appearing in the market, how can many tourists buy problematic jadeite here? In the following investigation, the reporter found some special features of this market. In China, jade products are mostly sold in high-end shopping malls or jewelry stores; Here, jade products of various grades will be sold in these humble stalls and counters, and the business model here is also different.

There are a large number of tourists selling jadeite products or semi-finished products.

CCTV reporter: We have found a relatively special business model here, that is, behind these counters, most of them are merchants who buy jadeite, while in the market, there are a large number of tourists selling jadeite finished products or semi-finished products. For a large number of tourists, it is difficult to fully supervise the market management, which leaves room for counterfeiting and selling.

In the Jiaowan market, there are dozens or even hundreds of jadeite products, and there are a large number of tourists selling them in front of various stalls. And the bags of jadeite in the hands of these tourists are often sold in batches, and they are not sold separately.

CCTV reporter: We found that many professional merchants often buy dozens or even hundreds of jadeites at one time, but for ordinary tourists, they can only buy a few at a time, which makes it easy for some tourists to distinguish the difference between them. This is also the reason why in this market, the proportion of fake sales is very low, but tourists are often fooled.

Editor’s Note: Spring Festival, the traditional "New Year Festival" in China, is not only the most emotional traditional festival in China, but also the most vivid embodiment of the Chinese nation’s values and aesthetic pursuit. In 2019, when the Spring Festival of Jihai is coming, the Buddhist channel of Phoenix.com launched the specially planned "Happy Year of the Heart and Pig: He Xinchun, a global monk", inviting the global monks to record a blessing video and send the warmest wishes to Chinese people around the world. This video is a blessing video sent by Master Zong Zhou, the abbot of Duobaojiang Temple in Shangyu.

Master Zong Zhou’s blessing written record: Dear Phoenix netizens, hello everyone! The old year is about to pass, and the new year is coming. In this new year, our life is like water in the desert. After a day, it will only decrease, not increase. Then we won’t waste it and dump it in the desert. Of course, if we don’t waste it, but always take it out of the desert and don’t drink it, it’s also a waste.

I wish you all the best in the new year. What we need most is our relatives around us, and our closest relatives are our parents. I hope we can devote this precious person to them generously, listen to their voices more and share our happiness with them more. In this way, we will get the greatest happiness with our parents.

Let us in the new year, everything can get the blessing of the three treasures, and everything is auspicious. I wish you all good luck in the day, good luck in the night and good luck at six o’clock in the day and night. Amitabha!

Master Zongzhou also prepared 15 copies of organic rice for everyone to become attached to. If you want to get it, come and participate!

Participation mode:

1. Wechat: Forward this message to a circle of friends, collect 20 likes, and send a screenshot to Wechat WeChat official account "Consciousness" to get it.

2. Weibo: Pay attention to Weibo’s "Phoenix Net Chinese Buddhism" and forward the video of Master Zong Zhou’s blessing, so that you can get it.

3, headline number: pay attention to the headline number Phoenix. com Chinese Buddhism, and forward the video of Master Zong Zhou’s blessing, that is, you have the opportunity to get it.

Welcome to pay attention to the official WeChat WeChat official account "Awakening" of Fenghuang. com, and be a disseminator of wisdom!

General situation of language and writing in China

　　　　There are 56 ethnic groups in China, which is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-dialect and multi-lingual country. According to The Language of China[1]Atlas of Chinese Language[2]There are more than 130 languages and about 30 languages in China.

　　　　The national common language is Mandarin and standard Chinese characters.

　　　　Chinese is the language of the Han nationality,[3]It is the most widely used language in China, one of the major languages in the world and one of the six official working languages of the United Nations.[4]In China, except for the Han nationality, which accounts for 91.51% of the total population, all ethnic minorities use Chinese to varying degrees, and some ethnic groups also switch to Chinese.[5]Modern Chinese can be divided into standard language (Mandarin) and dialect.

　　　　Putonghua takes Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norm. The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The state promotes Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country." On October 31st, 2000, the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters confirmed Putonghua as the national common language.

　　　　Chinese dialects are usually divided into seven dialects: Northern Dialect, Wu Dialect, Hunan Dialect, Gan Dialect, Hakka Dialect, Guangdong Dialect and Min Dialect. There are several power languages and many kinds of "local languages" in each dialect area. Among them, the northern dialect with the largest number of users is divided into four sub-dialects: Northern Mandarin, Northwest Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin and Xiajiang Mandarin.[6]

　　　　Among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, which account for 8.49% of the total population, most of the Hui and Manchu have switched to Chinese, and the other 53 ethnic groups have their own languages.[7]

　　　　In terms of language families, the languages spoken by 56 ethnic groups in China belong to five major language families: Sino-Tibetan, Altai, austronesian family, South Asian and Indo-European. Sino-Tibetan language family is divided into three language families: Chinese, Tibetan-Burmese, Miao-Yao and Zhuang-Dong. Belonging to the Tibeto-Burman language family are Zang, Jiarong, Menba, Cangla, Luoba, Qiang, Pumi, Dulong, Jingpo, Yi, Lisu, Hani, Lahu, Bai, Naxi, Jino, Nusu, Anong, Rouruo, Tujia, Zaiwa and Aru. Miao, Bunu, Mian, She and other languages belong to Miao-Yao language family. Zhuang, Buyi, Dai, Dong, Shui, Mulao, Maonan, Raja, Li, Gelao and other languages belong to the Zhuang and Dong language families. Altaic language family is divided into three language families: Mongolian, Turkic, Manchu-Tungusic. Mongolian languages include Mongolian, Daur, Dongxiang, Yugur, Tu and Baoan in the east. Turkic languages include Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Uzbek, tatar, Salar, Yugur in the west and Tuwa. Manchu, Xibe, Hezhe, Ewenki, Oroqen and other languages belong to Manchu-Tungusic language family. Austronesian family belongs to Gaoshan languages, and Hui dialect of Hui nationality. Wa, De ‘ang, Brown, Kemu and other languages belong to the Monkhmer family of South Asian language family. Belonging to Indo-European language family are Russian belonging to Slavic language family and Tajik belonging to Iranian language family.[8]There is no consensus on the families of some languages, such as Korean and Beijing.

　　　　Chinese characters are written to record Chinese.[9]It is a common language used by the Han nationality, and some nationalities have completely used Chinese characters. At the same time, Chinese characters are the common language of all ethnic groups in China. Chinese characters were produced in the Neolithic Age before 3000 BC.[10]The Chinese characters used now are gradually evolved from ancient Chinese characters. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language and Characters determines the standardized Chinese characters as the national common characters.

　　　　Since the 1950s, the state has sorted out and simplified the existing Chinese characters, and formulated and published the first batch of variant forms, simplified Chinese characters, modern Chinese common characters, modern Chinese common characters, printed common Chinese characters, and Chinese character order (stroke order) specification for GB13000.1 character set. On June 5, 2013, the Notice of the State Council on Publishing the List of Chinese Characters with General Norms (Guo Fa [2013] No.23) was issued. The List of Chinese Characters with General Norms is an important standard for Chinese characters, which implements the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Languages and Characters and meets the needs of Chinese characters application in various fields of society in the new situation. After the publication of the General Specification Chinese Character List, the use of Chinese characters in the general application field of society should be based on the General Specification Chinese Character List, and the original related word lists should be stopped.

　　　　Before the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), 21 ethnic minorities had their own scripts. After the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the government has worked out writing schemes for Zhuang, Buyi, Yi, Miao, Hani, Lisu, Naxi, Dong, Wa and Li nationalities.[11]

　　　　Judging from the writing system and letter form, Chinese characters are ideographic, syllabic and ideographic in terms of writing types, and there are ancient Indian letters, Uighur letters, Arabic letters, square letters, Latin letters and Slavic letters in terms of letter writing system.[12]

　　　　On February 11th, 1958, the Fifth Session of the First National People’s Congress passed a resolution to promulgate the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the National Common Language stipulates: "The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is used as a spelling and phonetic notation tool for the national common language. The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is a unified standard for the spelling of Roman letters in Chinese’s names, place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or unusable. Primary education should be taught in Chinese Pinyin. "

　　　　The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "all ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages". The Law on Regional National Autonomy in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas guarantee the freedom of all ethnic groups to use and develop their own spoken and written languages", "the organs of self-government of ethnic autonomous areas educate and encourage cadres of all ethnic groups to learn from each other" and "educate cadres and masses of all ethnic groups to trust each other, learn from each other, help each other and respect each other’s spoken and written languages". The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language and Characters stipulates that "the state insists on popularizing Putonghua and promoting standardized Chinese characters" and that "the use of minority languages and characters is based on the relevant provisions of the Constitution, the Law on Regional National Autonomy and other laws". The implementation of these laws by the state plays an important role in safeguarding national unity and national unity, building a harmonious language life and promoting economic, social and cultural development.

　　　　Over the years, China has persistently promoted the national common spoken and written language. According to the sampling survey conducted by the Institute of Language and Written Application of the Ministry of Education in 2010, the national Putonghua penetration rate reached over 70%, and the proportion of literate people using standardized Chinese characters exceeded 95%.

　　　　On December 4, 2012, the Ministry of Education and state language commission jointly issued the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Reform and Development Plan for Language and Literature (2012-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the Outline). The Outline puts forward the overall goal of language and writing work: "By 2020, Putonghua will be basically popularized throughout the country, the standardization of social application of Chinese characters will be further improved, and Chinese Pinyin will play a better role. The standard of language and writing basically meets the needs of society, and the level of informatization has been further improved. The language and writing social management service capacity has been comprehensively improved, and the social management service system has been basically completed. The scientific protection of the spoken and written languages of all ethnic groups has been strengthened. The role of language and writing in inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent culture has been further exerted. The national language strength has been significantly enhanced, the national language ability has been significantly improved, and the social language life has developed harmoniously. " The Outline defines seven major tasks of language and writing in the new period: vigorously popularizing and popularizing the national common language and writing, promoting the standardization and informatization construction of language and writing, strengthening the supervision and inspection and service of social application of language and writing, improving the application ability of national language and writing, scientifically protecting the languages and writing of all ethnic groups, promoting and spreading the excellent Chinese culture and strengthening the legal system construction of language and writing. Six key tasks and sixteen measures were determined, including popularization, infrastructure construction, supervision service, capacity improvement, scientific protection and cultural inheritance. Put forward "innovative ideas", "innovative working mechanism", "innovative management service" andEight innovation and guarantee measures, such as opening wider to the outside world, strengthening talent guarantee, improving scientific research level, increasing publicity and ensuring fund investment. The release of the Outline is an important measure to implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee, an important action to promote the construction of a strong socialist culture, and an important program to guide the language and writing work at present and in the future.

　　　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the national language and writing system has given full play to the unique role of language and writing in cultivating and practicing socialist core values, comprehensively improving citizens’ moral quality, enhancing cultural soft power, and enhancing national cohesion. On the basis of adhering to effective work measures such as the standardization of urban language and writing, the Putonghua proficiency test, and the nationwide promotion of Putonghua publicity week, Constantly innovating the work carriers such as Chinese classic reading, Chinese character dictation conference, China idiom conference, and the construction of Chinese language resources audio database have improved the language literacy of the broad masses of the people, strengthened the scientific protection of the languages of various ethnic groups, carried forward Chinese virtues and spread Chinese excellent culture. On June 5 -6, 2014, the China government cooperated with UNESCO to successfully hold the World Language Conference, reached the Suzhou Consensus, and put forward the concept of "language capacity building" at the UNESCO conference for the first time, which played an important role in promoting language teaching and improving language ability in various countries. After the World Language Congress, relevant departments, universities and academic groups successively held academic seminars on language ability and language development strategy, language ability and national security, social development and cultural communication, which promoted academic prosperity and the development of language and writing.

　 　 Remarks: The manuscript was reviewed by some national language advisory committees.

　　　　——————————————————————————–

　　　　[1] edited by Sun Hongkai, published by the Commercial Press in 2007.

　　　　[2] Co-edited by China Academy of Social Sciences and City University of Hong Kong, published by Commercial Press in 2012.

　　　　[3] Quoted from Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition), published by the Commercial Press.

　　　　[4] Quoted from "Encyclopedia of China Language", China Encyclopedia Publishing House.

　　　　[5] Cited the data of the sixth population census, and referred to "China Ethnic Language Work", edited by Jin Xinghua and published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[6] This passage refers to Modern Chinese, edited by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, and published by Higher Education Press.

　　　　[7] Cited the data of the sixth population census and referred to: Atlas of Chinese Language, edited by China Academy of Social Sciences and City University of Hong Kong, published by the Commercial Press in 2012; Ethnic Language Work in China, edited by Jin Xinghua, published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[8] This passage mainly refers to The Language of China, edited by Sun Hongkai and published by the Commercial Press in 2007.

　　　　[9] Quoted from Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th Edition), published by the Commercial Press.

　　　　[10] Quoted from "Encyclopedia of China Language", China Encyclopedia Publishing House.

　　　　[11] This paragraph mainly refers to "China Ethnic Language Work", edited by Jin Xinghua and published by Ethnic Publishing House.

　　　　[12] This paragraph mainly refers to the Language Survey Course edited by Dai Qingxia and the Study on the Present Situation and Evolution of Minority Languages in China.

Continue reading »